A special for oil thats 100. 00 times lighter than glass. And theyre environmentally friendly. Cooled by surface water and heated with solar energy. The pavilions are now home to a floating cinema. Nearby, a floating park hexagonal islands made of recycled plastic. Theyve been planted with vegetation and already seem to be drawing a crowd for a unique city getaway. You can rent this small houseboat called a vehicle boat. Its wrapped in 24. 00 layers of corrugated cardboard, which makes it light. And just about soundproof. The interior features a kitchen, bathroom living room and terrace. This vehicle boat is located near the rotterdam city center, easy access to sightseeing and restaurants. Despite all the comforts there are constant reminders that youre living on the water. We now return to amsterdam and the iceberg district with its 75 unit housing estate. Well that is from both. Its not a boat or a house. Its a hybrid before we have the units built at a shipyard on the i saw mary and big lake east of amsterdam on it are doing better here in the winter. That way, construction work wouldnt be interrupted by bad weather, even in winter shipyard, and adds that summer when the units were finished. They were shipped through the logs to us here doors outcomes. And they are those out of the ambassador and incurred to steel poles that were driven 16 meters into the lake bed. And we designed the connections so that they could bridge the difference in height. Both of us feel a can of a home and hope that difference is caused by the tides, but its not very big like 60 centimeters. And the units can move. That includes the jetties, which cover the utility lines for gas, water heating and so on. We put the lines in flexible tearooms which are connected to the units and they can handle the rise and fall of the tide. Cylinders of ducts out open here and at the top used to have a Different Levels were also designed to adapt to the tides. In our home long day, the units actually sit on a Floating Foundation that is composed of air tight, concrete terms. Cause we chose concrete because its heavy and displaces water based on archimedes principle. Are depending on its weight, concrete can displace many cubic metres of water. So feel who gave it to her and the head with. We made concrete terms in different sizes to balance. The weight for built above the camera is heels for our sample. A bathroom is heavy. So we made the concrete base and thinker on the opposite side to offset the increased weight loss. And sarah fashion, we explain all this to the residence. So if someone has a heavy sofa and a piano on one side of the unit, they can alter the balance by installing air filled tanks underneath the structure. Look back at a lot of hopes about it and house. What else can the netherlands teach us about finding new ways to build on and with water . A dent out there. You have to have the courage to try something new. People in other countries could use our projects as an example. You also have to be willing to experiment mental the netherlands also drew on an example. The famous Houseboat Community in the city of sausalito, california, which dates back to the 950. 00 s. Like many communities built on water, its legal status remained vague for years. It was but lost on me, but we also have difficulties getting a mortgage and house as of danks, couldnt decide whether they were dealing with a boat or a house. So we had to come up with new solutions and in july 2019, paris recorded an all time high temperature, 42 degrees celcius City Residents are learning to live with climate extremes, from high heat to heavy rain and flooding. Paris hosted the Un Climate Change Conference in 2015 where delegates set a goal to limit the global temperature increase to well below 2 degrees celsius. In this century, renowned architect and oceanographer Jack Ruggieri has lived on this houseboat in the heart of paris for more than 4 decades. Its located near the plasterer concorde and also includes his design studio. Yet theyre gone. There are 2 Great Adventures of mankind, our space, and they say that this is the future of humanity and need rouge area has been working on these futuristic project for decades. An ocean based Research Vessel called the sea orbiter. Its shaped like a seahorse. The project still only exists as a model, but its plans call for a total height of 58 meters, with those he one meters below the waters surface. Up to 22. 00 scientists could work in the vessel is that we know less about the scene than we do about space. Yet, they mean to you this for there are millions of creatures to study lead. For example, the diversity of zola plankton is a measurable. We only know a fraction of it, and any baccy, the scientists ruggieri calls the aqua notes, would leave in pressurized chambers, so that they could take diving expeditions at any time. There should be kusa that mir. Ive lived underwater to 6 that ive been involved in a dozen projects on his habitat and set World Records for a living underwater down through its been extraordinary movies for the swiss oceanographers. Jacques piqua was an early supporter of the project ejected garr worked in the deepest parts of the us at 11000 meters. I got always encouraged me in my research on underwater settlements. And so he and i decided to develop a research lab that would be like the International Space station there. Lets back it could drift with the ocean currents with and provide a base for scientists like a beehive and to become the worker. Bees would fly out and collect Scientific Data on the marine environment. There to move. Rouge eery says he was inspired by the work of 2 of his countryman, van and jacques yves cousteau. In 1962, cousteau spent a week in his underwater Research Facility conch shell. He hoped it would be the dawn of a new age of marine exploration. In the 1970, s. Rouget re began to imagine these future of laboratories and entire villages on the ocean floor. If Climate Change continues to progress, the idea of underwater settlements could become popular and again designed this huge floating Research Center shaped like a manta ray. It would be 900 meters long and 500 meters wide and could accommodate up to 7000 people are oh, a design imagines underwater rooms designed for holidaymakers. About it or a one day well have Space Tourism and also underwater tourism. With facilities like hotels and Research Centers had the, you know, a new reality is taking shape or because it has to, the other architects are getting on board. The u. S. Firm solos for came up with this idea for a Marine Research station to be based off the coast of bali, italian architects, john lucas, son tosswill. So developed this concept for a modular floating structure called high pick a. The individual units resemble vertebrae in the human spine. Its like a cross between a cruise ship and a hotel. The german Architecture Firm gave us today of ill has designed a hotel thats to be built off the chinese island of high. None of the individuals weans would lie below the surface of the sea. Mago cressy, a vigil came up with clay and for a Lighthouse Hotel that harnesses wave energy to generate electricity. Some designs have actually been built the jewels undersea large in florida, which opened in 1906 bills itself as the worlds 1st underwater hotel. This is the atlantis luxury hotel resort. Located on the coast of dubai. It has more than 1500. 00 rooms, spread out over 23. 00 floors, and an aquarium that contains more than 65000. 00 marine animals. They eat our undersea restaurant in the mall. Deve islands is located 5 meters below sea level. Europe now has its 1st fully submerged restaurant. Its called the unda, located on the Southern Coast of norway. It was designed by the oslo based Architecture Firm, snow hetta, the same firm also developed the concept for this 100. 00 room hotel that lies at the foot of a glacier. In the norwegian, arctic the hotel will run mostly on energy generated by solar panels. Most of the plans are still dreams for the future designed by visionaries like Jacques Rouge. His im a dreamer, but im also extremely pragmatic that i make my dream is reality. Of course, i failed at a dream years and to do that, you have to be able to think clearly just to see, our society has caused a lot of destruction over the last 100 years. And we continue to destroy dettori. But we cant let these catastrophes continue. At the 3 feet, we have to find solutions and implement them step by step over your stuff. Then he did another vision for living in a marine environment. The ocean spiral. It has 2 main elements, a sphere and towers structure that would provide living in word space for up to 5000 people and a spiral structure that connects the sphere to a base station on the ocean floor. Russian architect, alexander remys old, has designed a modern day. Noahs ark that could accommodate up to 10000 people. He swore to scrape a concept comes from malaysia, a floating building that would generate its own food and electricity, and house thousands. But are ideas like this truly a utopia . As we know, these would be stopgap measures. I dont think people want to live underwater. Humans are used to living on land. Of course, its technically possible to live underwater. But i think our quality of life would really suffer, leaves quality to the worlds less affluent regions will be hit hard by the effects of Climate Change is going to impact a lot. So if they say mumbai is one of them, jakarta is one of them, are socketed, ben is going to have a flood. So as for the United Nations, its a high, high alert actually the whole a shows in the big threat to the ceiling, very low. Some coastal areas in asia are already taking steps to deal with rising sea levels. The has to more is sent in an issue. No. They have to move the whole city center to somewhere else, 40 kilometers of it, which is they already working on by a 20 year think 40 or something other, they have to move their city to some other place. They already have a plant which ongoing. I think it could be a similar situation from world. Some 28000000 people live in the mumbai metropolitan region. The core of the city is built on several islands that lie in the arabian sea. This is a low lying area and rising sea levels pose a very real threat. Austrian architect, ramesh najah, says that coastal cities like mumbai, must adapt to these condition at the ceiling by the sea level. Some coastal areas in asia are already taking steps to deal with rising sea levels. The has to more is sent in an issue. No, they have to move the whole city center to somewhere else, 40 kilometers of it, which is they already working on by 20. I think 40 or something other, they have to move their city to some other place. They already have a plant which are ongoing. I think it could be similar situation from one world to some 28000000, people live in the mumbai metropolitan region. The core of the city is built on several islands that lie in the arabian sea. This is a low lying area, and rising sea levels pose a very real threat. Austrian architecture, ramez najah, says that coastal cities like mumbai, must adapt to these conditions. And that could include building floating communities as in 2 coffins of what sort that im convinced that entire cities will one day be built on water. You cant rely on putting up barriers, made of sand or other materials a little bit of the sun and cities will have to be built on floating surfaces in this new development would offer a number of advantages, particularly the construction of infrastructure near the city center and projects that generate energy, say its no different about solar. Proposes the use of floating turbines that generate electricity by taking in water. The concept is similar to that used with hydroelectric dams in the austrian alps. You take a look east and the Technology Comes from austria because we have a lot of experience with hydroelectric plants. And the other element is the creative side where architects can play a role. And his brother, whos also an architect, have been designing water based communities for years. And theyre convinced that these projects will become reality in this play, its realistic because its going to be a step by step process. I dont think well be seeing mega projects in coastal cities in the projects will grow slowly and gradually like them wed see levels rising even more quickly. Solutions are urgently needed. Millions could be displaced by Climate Change. Yes. You know, how many climate refugees there will be more than 200000000 . 202300, 1000000 climate refugees. Where will they go . Refugees will come from developing countries. Not wealthy countries. 300000000 people, where will they live . Will bangladesh or india take the men . Absolutely not. It isnt lennon and into things in low lying coastal countries like bangladesh. They cant do much to stop the rising water. They cant build dikes or other flood protection structure is like we have in germany and the netherlands. So theres all this for one thing. They dont have the money and then its simply not realistic to build dikes along the entire coast. So even if the sea level rose by just 50 centimeters, millions of people would be affected by 9 of the worlds 10 largest cities are expected to be threatened by rising sea levels by 2015. They will have to develop a Long Term Plan for adapting to the new reality. Through do you have to set a reasonable timeframe . It could be 100 years. But what is 100 years in the grand scheme of things . You have to happen magination, like our ancestors who built cathedrals. The sons of those architects and stone masons never saw the completed project that their fathers had begun. The grandchildren didnt either, but they had a vision for the future. You have to have that vision for the future is just a brief period of time in the course of human evolution. 100 or even 500 years means nothing. Centuries ago, people used to take a long term view. Your day comes that one of these long term projects is Jacques Rouge design for a Floating City off the Pacific Island of tot he the us space Seasteading Institute has developed a concept for a Floating City project led by political theorist pantry friedman. The cofounder of paid pound is also on board. The idea has a political dimension to solve or an ocean colonies would be free from state control. But floating communities must be available to everyone, not just the wealthy. The oceanic project is being developed in coordination with the United Nations. The goal is to make floating cities available to the many coastal regions that are under threat. Those solutions are urgently needed. Nearly half of the worlds population lives within 100 kilometers of the coastline. Oceanic cities could grow and adapt housing anywhere from 30210000 people. The threat of rising sea levels might be right around the corner. Hamburg in northern germany could also be at risk. I lift the trophy home, walking is and its a real danger. Hamburg is located just 100 kilometers from the coast and research, and the gates that at the sea level continues to rise with the risk of storm surges would increase significantly, broadly, through the news reels recalled, a flood of 962 when a storm surge washed over the dikes and flood of the north sea coast. About 100000, people lost their homes, and hundreds of people were killed and thousands as a moment of dominoes. The storm destroyed dikes along several 100 kilometers of coastline. Hamburg was cut off for days. Local residents were scarcely able to cope. And the situation today may be even more dangerous, because since 962. 00 the sea level here has risen by 20 centimeters this is the port of hamburg, more than 350000 people who live in this part of the city. A still threatened by storm surges. A lot of new projects are underway to protect them. This new prominent along the elbe, a river also serves as a Flood Control structure. It was designed by zaha hadid architects. The prominent rises nearly 9 meters above the river. Pember is building a lot of new dikes on through paths and it can be about the authorities are doing what they can, but im not sure whether we can really protect ourselves against major storm surges in the thinking here is bizarre, for example, the half and city district, which was built on the side of the old horton, is especially vulnerable. If sea levels were to rise by several meters. I doubt we could prevent flooding there, trying to come to certain if water levels in the north sea continue to rise, london, my also be affected goals of a top or do we, many large cities are at risk. And that includes london. And if one all, if sea levels rise by 2 meters, i would assume that many parts of london would face Serious Problems on extreme a program that they call me about 9000000 people live in london, which is located on the river thames. About one 3rd of those residents live in the citys central districts. Along the river. The thames flows into the north sea, but rising and falling time, its still a faint river water levels in london. One 6th of the city lies in an area thats threatened by flooding. Rising sea levels would put more than a 1000000 people and 500000 buildings here at risk and storm surges and floods have become more common in britain. In late 2013 and early 2014, southern england was hit by a series of severe storms. Heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding and power cuts and disrupted transport systems. In london, the thames burst its banks and many people were forced to leave their homes. The thames barrier is designed to protect the floodplain that includes most of Greater London from times and storm surges that move in from the north s