missile defenses. there are no bad defenses here. they work. they just tested one firing a missile to hawaii back from alaska. and they got it. so we have to think about putting in place active defensive measures without which, you know, the whole notion about taking cover is sort of silly. >> so, daniel, assuming we can do better than telling people to park their cars and lie flat, i know you're of the mind that there were a few bright spots, a few -- little bit of room for optimism in what happened here. why is that? >> well, i agree with general mccaffrey that in some ways the interesting thing about this episode was just how easy it was to trigger this false alarm. i think given that it happened, and i'm obviously extremely sad that it happened, you can argue it was a successful failure in the following sense. first what strikes necessary as miraculous is despite the fact this alert went out, my understanding is there was not a