Military regimen and get his troops to cuba and it was his force of will to get him to that spot where he created the iconic moment in 1888. He was not a regular army. He was not. Did he operate independently . Yes, he certainly had an independent spirit in his own way of doing things but didnt have a Commanding Officer interest part of the core, they did have their marching orders as to what their role would be but he took on additional roles and a lot of credit for that, to roosevelt. Where is that phil . Its in cuba just outside of the east side. Why was it significant . One of the spanish fleet was held up in the harbor and the u. S. Navy wanted to force that fleet out of there and destroy it, make combat and they thought the best way to do that was to send a plan forced. Once he was taken, the fleet would be honorable. It was destroyed by the u. S. Navy. Why was the u. S. Military in cuba in 1898 . It can be complicated. And at times not so complicated but there was a lot of sympathy for the cost for the freedom of cubans. Newspapers shared stories of atrocities shared by the government, the people who live there. Another important event, the explosion of the uss in the harbor, all those things combined to bring the u. S. And april and may of 1898. We dont really know exactly what happened in the main. There is an explosion with the battleship there, there were two different independent studies done. Once by the u. S. Government, once by the spanish government. The u. S. Government determined it was a submarine mine that caused the explosion. They determined it was an internal explosion. We dont really know for sure exactly but there were lots of jumping to conclusions. A lot of americans instantly blamed spain. They said it was a dirty trick of the government against the battleship, more than 200 lives lost. That brought a lot of sympathy based mostly on the belief that spain was behind. Is one of the publishers of the yellow papers. Certainly contributed greatly to the score spirit and anti spanish. Once the war broke out, he reported on the scene. There were reports back almost daily. In 1898, was the american involvement of cuba . There was lots of american involvement especially with the sugar grown in cuba. It was probably the biggest economic interchange over the sugar plantation in cuba. Other than that, there wasnt a great deal going on between the u. S. And cuba. Funeral for the term yellow journalism came from . No. I could probably look it up but sorry. What was he doing in 1898 . He was a bureaucrat. The assistant secretary in the navy, he was 39 at the time. He was trying to prepare the u. S. For war with spain which looked like it was coming. Making sure there were various ports for navy ships to get to the caribbean, just naval preparedness. Prepare and get the fleet ready because just the way it was going downhill between spain and the u. S. At the time, he was one of those who was pushing for war. Mckinley, president mckinley was the president at the time, jokingly referred to theater roosevelt and his body as a work party. They were feeling stuck u. S. Intervene mostly because of the atrocities occurring. This was the cause of the poor . Yes well, back into the explosion of the battleship. Theres a lot of sympathy, the cubans were trying to get there parts. Theater roosevelt, he didnt like what he considered his old world dominance. This colony still in existence in 1898 and he wasnt a fan of having the influence in the old world. He would prefer to get rid of that and the new world is its own place. Should have some influence ourselves and not really following what is going on in europe. This is not your first book. What else have you written . Ive written about jesse james. Ive also written about two westerners. Both nonfiction. Are you a historian . And musician, you performed historian music. Where did it come from . Is being used by the rough riders of the world. It was a popular phrase at the time, that was certainly what they had envisioned with the rough riders. Authorized were therefore supposed to be in the Western State and good horseman, quick shot and everybody just imagined primarily shows like buffalo bill, all these cowboys were excellent marksman and could write a bucking bronco and the war is going to be over licketysplit. For the excellent marksman . No. Well, some of them poor. They recruited individuals from the territory. There is a new mexico but very few actual cowboys, buckaroos, that kind of thing. There were all walks of life. Actors, printers, all walks of life in the state. When this was brought up, these are the real deal. Peter roosevelt said we want to find that character. That makes up for the lack and horsemanship skills. Some of the wellesley rough riders, there were people from harvard but they would hire the real cowboys to tame them down but there were issues. He was a real mixture. Write a majority were not cowboys. Just a portion for real cowboys. How many cowboys . It was about 1200 in the end. There were 12 companies of rough riders not all of them got to go to cuba. They left for companies behind and they had to leave their horses behind. Even though they were recruited to be cavalrymen to charge up the hills in cuba, they became infantry. There wasnt enough room on the ship. They had to leave them behind. 1898, assistant secretary of the navy, how does he get from their to the head . Its a great story. Theodore roosevelt was offered colonel c. Once they had these regiments of cowboy type troops, knowing roosevelt burning desire to go to war at 39, he offered him the cruelty of the first regiment. To the amazement of everyone, he turned it down. He admitted that he give me a few more weeks, i felt like i could get some knowledge under my belt but im not ready to leave a regimen of 1000 men. Everyone knew roosevelt had an ego and he was shocked he did not take this position. He recommended his good friend, he was an army captain. Leonard wood was a couple of years younger but he bought in the arizona and he said if you make leonard wood colonel, i would accept ownership. He respected those wishes and thats what happened. How quickly was he in cuba . Very quickly. Once the war was declared in april, roosevelt was madly rushing around, trying to get arms and equipment because hes bureaucrat, he wanted the people in the department. They go on to texas and roosevelt stays behind for a short time. By late may, they were on a ship in florida, getting ready to depart for cuba. They arrived in a matter of days. We have our first action june 23, 1898. July 1 is the battle of San Juan Hill. He got april on july 1. I would presume the secretary of the navy was not well known around the country. Yes and no. He already published some books, articles that were decoded so he was a bit of a celebrity but certainly nothing like, Everybody Knows roosevelt today but he was wellknown but he had much more to accomplish after the spanish American Fork was over. Places like san antonio, texas, heres a bit of a celebrity because of his writing and publications. How long was he in cuba . They departed cuba in august. So really a matter of weeks they were there. This was declaring war congress supported . Yes. The American People supported it but there were also people who want real keen of the work. Congress, part of the declaration of the legislation that allowed the war was that cuba would not become part of the u. S. There was fear by some leaders that this is just land. The u. S. Will not annex cuba for the u. S. Walk us through the day of the charge of San Juan Hill. The rough riders are one small part of this assault on what we call San Juan Heights. The rough riders were forced to leave behind their horses and companies. Essentially, theres Something Like 600 men in the rough riders. The entire Assault Force was around 8000. You can see the percentage but they are a key part of the assault. This calvary is the right side of the line. The infantry this is regular volunteers, they charged the left side and San Juan Heights is a long rolling ridge. When encountered by the rough riders that day, they are told to wait in reserve. Peter roosevelt does not like this. They have been promoted because of illness within the officers bumped up to take charge. That leads roosevelt as commander. Now he has his own regiment. They are told to wait in reserve in the ground of a location on kettle hill. Cattle hill is before the san juan bridge. As they are waiting there, they are being picked off. There are snipers in the trees, a lot of roosevelt orderlies getting kicked off. Roosevelt is the only one on horseback in the assault. The snipers are trying to pick him off. They miss theodore and it is orderly. Eventually, they took it to advance but if the rough riders advance, the account them up the hill and they havent gotten those orders. Roosevelt says if you are not going to go, then lets improve. Then he starts and it starts a whole movement. We have africanamerican soldiers part of this and roosevelt allows the charge to happen. They can easily take kettle hi hill, then they can seek over to the left, the end of the ridge which has a big block out. That would become known as the san juan block out. They start firing over to give cover. Once that seems to be taken care of and theres a blackout, they take that to San Juan Heights. He said there was no order to it whatsoever, its just Theodore Roosevelt takes off and its a mad rush. At the end of the day . Yes. What was the result . They forced spain down, is to was not a piece of cake. They had artillery down below and essentially, the idea was to own the heights and once they held the heights, there were a few actions later, the rough riders taken on the hill. Eventually, negotiations start between the leader of the American Forces and the leaders of the spanish forces. After a couple of days, it was done and they surrendered. Once they had the heights, santiago was there. How many are lost . We dont know the exact figure, exactly how many rough riders, they suffered a higher percentage of casualties than any of the other calvary. Its something used to explain that they for the forefront of fighting. They suffered heavy casualties. Was he viewed as reckless . Some did view him as reckless. I would say he followed something that was a common belief in the 19th century, he went back to earlier civil war that a leader should expose themselves to encourage their men. This was the theory, if youre a brave, encourage your men. Youre not dodging bullets, make them strong so we will follow here. These are proponents of that. He was at the forefront of the fighting. He was at the front of the charge. Again, he was the only one on horseback. I was the most dangerous position because he was the most visible. He went shooting him him so it would be correct to say he was reckless to some degree but one army officer said it was roosevelt who really won the day. There are lots of men but it was his hero, that turned the tide led to the american victory. Was roosevelt shy about sharing his exploits with the press . No. He wasnt shy about anything. He wasnt even shy about the metal of honor. He wrote to his friend that i deserved the medal of honor. I think i won the medal of honor. It caused a big controversy. Some of the military officers thought it was unbecoming, almost like she was campaigning for the medal of honor. What he did was worthy of the medal of honor but the fact that he threw a fit about it didnt look too good. Did he bring a handpicked horse with him . No. He actually had to horses, one of the horses was an indian chief, he had a buffalo soldier out west. One of them drowned when they got off the ships. They had to push him off the ship. They had to make their way to the beach and that one didnt make it but the others did. Little texas survived the war and he is buried there. A very fond animal for pr. The next president happens in the 1900. What happens in those two years . Roosevelt is a hero just like all of the fighters. All of the heroes, all of the fighters were heroes when they returned. Because of roosevelt and cowboys and ivy leaders, they were very famous and popular. There were boardgames that came out of it, theres a rough riders baking powder. Their faces were everywhere. What happens is, almost instantly powerbrokers become government. He accepted the nomination and he campaigned with his rough riders, some of them came and traveled in new york. They promoted that military hero aspect. He won the governorship in 1900 . November 1898. As governor, three months after, as governor, he does an appeal 1900. Mckinley is running for president and who wouldnt put a military hero as the running mate parts is the candidate and mckinley wins that election easily. Roosevelt is not far from presidency. In 1901 . Yes. Roosevelt is now a rough writer, president of the u. S. Because of that charge up San Juan Hill, the next three years, do you attribute the next three years of his career to that charge . Yes, i do. I think it gave him recognition he never had before. His face he was known. For the next three years, intentionally or not, he wrote that theme all the way to the highest elected position in the u. S. I dont think that would have happened unless he had gone up San Juan Hill and survived. He feels incredible thought he survived san juan. Its an amazing story. Because he lived, that led directly to his presidency. Is the book called rough riders. Markley gardner is the author and hes been our guest on book tv. Is a look at some books being published this week. Radicals resistance and revenge, fox news post argues liberals are trying to destroy american values. Journalist katon reports on the rise in firsttime female candidates. Since the 2016 election. Everybody wants to go to heaven but nobody wants to die, university of pennsylvania Jonathan Marino weighs in on the current state of american healthcare. Also being published this week, marie provides a history of latin america in silver, sword and stone. In cold warriors, duncan white discovers the cold war. Science writer describes the impact each of us have on the environment. Look for these titles and bookstores this coming week and watch for many of the authors on book tv on cspan2. Book tv has hundreds of other programs every year. At a recent event, former ceo, the Gates Foundation spoke with melinda about her work with women around the world. As a portion of the program. I was there because she had a nun standing by her side, she has a beautiful newborn baby in her arms who she clearly loved. I was there to talk about her Safe Delivery in this clinic that we can help support because we go into climates, they are less likely to die in childbirth and their child is more likely to live due to birth. She had a wonderful experience, she was telling me all about it. She was a little shy but willing to talk. I was about ready to finish up this visit i had with her and i said to her, so what are your hopes and dreams for these two beautiful sons youve got . She cast her eyes down for a long time and i thought oh my gosh, i asked a delicate question. I made a mistake. Then she looked up with tears in her eyes after shed been so warm and smiling and she said, the truth is, i have no hope for feeding this sun or this one for educating them when im done. She just knew i was a foreman for her and she said, would you take them home with you . That is their only hope. I was devastated after that trip. For any mother, anywhere in the world who loves her children to ask a trained stranger to take them home tells you how dire the circumstances were, i learned from talking with nina and many other women that you have to let your heart break over time and learn to take time after a trip to india or many other countries i go to to take the stories in the truly heartbreaking stories. Figure out after you work through them and metabolizing them, the deep sadness of it to say, what can we do . What are we able to do to help lift up these women and their children so they do have more hope in their lives . One of the answers, one of the best answers is birth control. Her new book is the moment of theft. To watch the rest, as in our website booktv. Org and search for the authors name for the book title at the top of the page. Starting on book tv in a moment, journalist talks about the challenges arab and middle eastern women face in the countries. At 8 00 p. M. , Deputy Director of the cia Counterterrorist Center talks about the interrogation of suspected terrorists after 9 11. Harriet washington how this impacts blacks communities. On afterwards at 10 00 p. M. Eastern, founder and president brent argues that media is biased against president tom. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] in. Good evening everyone im courtney, a bookseller at politics impreza a union market and on behalf of our owners and our staff i would like to welcome you to ton