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This is cnn newsroom with kin group after weeks of escalating protests across the us over the war in gaza, with police going onto campuses to make mass arrests and rip apart encampments universities are ramping up Security Measures as they prepare for Graduation Ceremonies. Many beginning this weekend a small group of propalestinian protesters stage to walk out during Graduation Ceremonies at the University Of Utah on thursday. Otherwise, commencement for the nearly 9,000 graduates appeared to go off without a hitch. The university of Southern California announced it will hold a family graduate celebration on may 9, more than a week since canceling the main in Graduation Ceremony over safety concerns Columbia University has been the epicenter of the protests and its president says, the past two weeks have been among the most difficult periods in the schools history. In a new Video Message to students on friday, she condemned some of the protestors for going too far. Here she is University Made a sincere and good offer, but it was not accepted a group of protesters crossed a new line with the occupation of Hamilton Hall it was a violent act that put our students at risk the white house is again responding to the College Protests education secretary Miguel Cardona sent a letter to college and University Presence on friday condemning quote, Of Horned Incidents of antisemitism on campus. You also pointed to several federal resources that could help ease the tension. Jen solvent takes a closer look at one universities are doing to prepare for graduation, how its impacting students and faculty across the Country CollegeGraduation Ceremonies beginning this weekend, days of unrest and escalating confrontations over the israelhamas war in gaza. The University Of South Florida hosting their Commencement Ceremonies with heightened security days ahead of graduation, police seen here throwing would appear to be tear gas. You havent given a lawful order to disperse in a resting propalestinian protesters, who Authorities Say unlawfully created an encampment on campus. Some students are outraged by the polices actions. They unleashed hundreds of riot police on us to incapacitate us with chemicals, toklas to the ground, Indiana University also holding Graduate Creation this weekend, the important personal milestone reached against the backdrop of Police Barricades guests entering through metal detectors. One staff member says, shes boycotting the ceremony that ive decided that im not going to walk and graduation. I cant do Ohio State University hosting graduations sunday, many students glad to see their ceremonies continuing as planned. The students should be the priority out in a university Columbia University in new york, the epicenter of the propalestinian movement on college campuses, the new York Police Department will be Patrolling Campus there were at least may 17 days after their Graduation Ceremonies apologies, Like University of Southern California though, had canceled its main graduation altogether its a repeat of canceled ceremonies for the class of 2024 High School Graduations were likely canceled in 2020 due to covid on gen. Sullivan reporting in the the First Amendment grants the right to free speech and Peaceful Assembly. But colleges are struggling on how to balance those rights with the need to protect students and property. Theres no issue when protests are calm and students theyre just chanting slogans or waving signs. But things get murkier when violence breaks out and campaigns are built, and students occupied buildings, especially on private property. Us President Joe Biden spoke out thursday about finding the right balance between free speech and law and order. Curious this isnt a moment for politics smaller for clarity. So let me be clear peaceful protest in America Violent Protest is not protected. Peaceful protest is its against the law when violence occurs and joining us now is dr. Jack hansen lecture in American History at the university of roe hampton, london. Thank you so much for being here with us. So for a freespeech, absolutist, the constitution, i mean, it seems pretty clear will, will bring up the graphic here. Of course, just highlight parts of it there, there should be no Law Abridging seeing the Freedom Of Speech or the right of the people peaceably to assemble. So that balance that the president just talked about. Its been so elusive, i guess in this situation because the the Legal Precedents seemed to create a bit of a whiplash going back and forth here, right . Yes. Thank you for having me. I think we would probably all benefit from that. Been really clear. Lines here. But the situation is that is a little bit more complicated so public universities obviously are bound by the First Amendment and its protections, but private institutions such as columbia are not when it comes to protecting free speech. The First Amendment is very clear that it protects all speech no matter how grotesque are offensive are inaccurate be protection for the Freedom Of Assembly does have that caveat that this Assembly Needs to be peaceful but this creates a subjective judgment so my idea of what constitutes a Peaceful Assembly might differ to yours, which might defer to a Police Officer, which might defer to a university administrator. So the lack of clarity comes from the fact that the lord means that people have to make the subjective judgment of what counts as peaceful on as you hinted that there be caselaw on students speech has swung around a bit like an ideological pendulum as the car has changed over the decades. Yeah, thats exactly right. And the notion of time, place, and manner is important, which makes encampments especially we problematic, i guess, right yes the idea of whether a set in, for example, counts as a peaceful protest. Many people would say that it does, but then when it starts to disrupt the normal functioning of an institution or appear intimidated to others many people would say that crosses the line. But then that creates the second question of what is the appropriate response if that line is crossed yeah. And then when it comes to there have been accusations of antisemitic. Chance and so on, so forth. You said that free speeches is guaranteed no matter how heinous, but theres also that notion of if it might incite violence, for instance, and youve given some examples of precedence, which kind of create even more confusion, right yes. So free speech weve got to remember private institutions arent held to the same standard, has publicly funded ones. But theres case law that shows us that for free speech, as absolute, for example, a George Mason University in the 1990s lost a case where thats after it, a discipline students for taking part in blackface that ive event that was considered protected expression under the First Amendment menchu doesnt matter how offensive or grow it is. But then it seemed to incite violence than that is a different question again, yeah. Now, speaking of violence, the police in several jurisdictions have been accused of heavyhanded tactics against the protesters, but its worth noting that 50, 40 years ago, i think today in fact, National Guardsmen shot and killed four students at an antiwar protest at kent state university. Now thankfully, we havent seen anything remotely like that during these protests so things have changed for the better though, maybe not have gone far enough yes. I think we are watching it that where we are right now, we havent seen an incident like candidate and i think nobody wants to see that. But i think we could be somewhat close to Something Like that happening. We know that a Police Officer discharge their firearm at columbia. We should say that the why pd said its occurred accident accidentally but if somebody had been struck by that bullet, regardless of it being discharged, accidentally, we could have been in a really such serious situation so as we see, colleges continue to call in the place where it needs to be a conscious first to avoid a situation like can stay from happening again because there is nothing that will ensure that that could not happen again. Were talking about the Police Response there, but its one thing to lets say, break up protests and encampments. But then the punishment is another there doesnt seem to be any consistency. There for either some students are charged, some not some will face academic sanction, maybe get expelled without any clear set of rules. So students may not know precisely what risk exactly theyre taking yes, i think that is another big issue, especially if we could look at this and said universities and fast in their disciplinary policies but essentially having the police to come in and do that the police should be enforcing the law, but not the universitys on rules and regulations then, like you said, a thing for what many protesters would probably want is consistency and how these rules and how the law is applied. Whereas it already seems to be that theyre very different outcomes for different students at different universities, which questions the fairness of the process . Yeah, exactly. It leaves administrators, students, everybody in a tough spot here. A lot of confusion around this will have to leave it there, but really appreciate your analysis, dr. Jack hudson. Thank you so much. Thank you all eyes are on cairo right now for talks that could see hostages released and a ceasefire in gaza if things go well, william burns, the director of the cia, is already in the egyptian capital and negotiators for hamas expected to arrive later today. In fact, i think they have arrived. Hamas said, its sending its delegation with what they described as, quote, a positive spirit and israeli source tells cnn that mediators are speaking optimistically about the possibility of reaching a deal but that samestore says, theres no sign that the group has changed its extreme positions and its really officials have briefed the white house about evacuating civilians from rafat. Thats according to two sources familiar with the talks. Israel says its going ahead with plans for the Ground Offensive despite ceasefire and hostage talks, israel also briefed Humanity Terrion aid groups about Evacuation Plans according to a source familiar with the matter, more than 1 Million People have taken shelter in rafah. Senior white house official tells cnn that israel is setting up tents in Southern Gaza away from raffa as temporary shelters for civilians. But that official says, there arent enough tense for the number of people who are in rafah meanwhile, the un warns Ground Offensive could lead to a slaughter of civilians the hundreds of thousands of people who are there are would be at imminent risk of death if there is an assault. So we are looking at if this happens both a what the Emergency Relief Coordinator has warned about could be a slaughter of civilians, but also at the same time incredible blow to the humanitarian operation in the entire strip daily life for some parents and volunteers in gaza as a constant effort to protect children from the cruel violence of this conflict. Cnns Paula Hancocks has our report. We just want to warn you. It does contain graphics images that may be disturbing grandmother kisses her young grandchildren this small bodies chat, just one body bag fouryearold kareem and his two yearold sister, mona, were killed on tuesday by an israeli airstrike there it says they are innocent. The babys went to bed last night and never woke up. Our hearts are broken forever. The doctors tried to save mona, but could not. The childrens parents were seriously injured in the same strike but raffa was not home for these children the grandmother says the family were displaced more so pull times by the Israeli Military, ending up in a tent on the southern border alongside hundreds of thousands of others who have nowhere else to go speaking of the Israeli Military, she says, this is all they want. This is their goal. The idf referred to a previous statement when asked about this strike saying they are operating to dismantle hamas, adding quote, remaining in an active combat zone has inherent risks but despite months of threatening a major Ground Offensive and refer the military has not told civilians to evacuate for many here, there is no other option at the start of this week and raffa 22 people were killed in an israeli airstrike including at least one infant and a toddler. I definitely a oneyearold, killed is carried in that uncles army he says, this is who they are targeting. This is the safe raffa. They talk about it is the area the Israeli Military has pushed civilians towards for months. An area well over 1 million palestinians are best police surviving in food, water, shelter are scarce. Diseases rising but amid such misery, some adults are trying to remind children of their pre bvs life just seven months ago where they could play and learn safely this Volunteer Teacher says the childrens mental state is distressed. They have no stability. Theyre distracted and they lose focus. So we work twice as hard to try and grab their attention and help them learn ahmed says hes happy he can play and study here. He says, we lost our schools. We lost Everything Attend School may not see much but even this pretense of normality for these children will be lost if theyre forced to move. Yet again, Paula Hancocks, cnn epidemic after the break, emotional testimony from a close four more aid to donald trump, hope hicks, on the stand on day 11 of trumps Hush Money Trial, plus a weakerthanexpected jobs report and rising unemployment why investors are cheering the latest economic data. And well explain that next. And heavy rain it has millions under flood watches here in the what the latest on whats ahead ongoing flooding across parts of south texas and more rainfall on the way. Forecast right after this sometimes the lows of Bipolar Depression feel darkest Before Dawn With Cap later, theres a chance to let in the light kept lighter is proven to deliver significant relief across Bipolar Depression unlike san mega since the only treat bipolar one gets lighter treats both bipolar one and t2 depression. And in clinical trials