1800851177. call now this is cnn >> the world's news >> this is gps, the global public square. welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria coming to you from new york today on the program >> terror in moscow >> camouflaged gunman opened fire hi, and the russian capital on friday, killing scores of concert goers isis claimed responsibility for the deadly rampage i, will ask daniel bitumen about the state of jihadists terror today >> and bibi, netanyahu insisted he will press ahead with plans for rafah invasion, despite objections from president biden after more than five months of devastating war. is support from israel, strongest ally, the united states fractured what is the best way? for >> i'll have a debate with the new york >> times says, bret >> stephens, and a former ambassador to israel, daniel kurtzman also, we're living in an age of revolutions from >> politics to economics, to technology i'll sit down with hello to isaacson to talk about how such forces are shaping america and the world today. and what we can learn from revolutions of the past it's all a preview of my brand new book, age of revolutions i'll bring you my take later in the show, but first i wanted to get right to the terror attack in moscow in which it lives it's 133 people were killed. a branch of isis called islamic state khorasan, or isis-k, claimed responsibility russian authorities upset suspects directly involved in the rampage were arrested near the border of ukraine so what can we make of all of this? and it's bouton laying the groundwork to blame ukraine. i want to bring in daniel bitumen. daniel is the director of georgetown security studies program and a senior fellow at the center for strategic and international studies dan, welcome. i want to ask you first why russia of wires isis hitting russia? is this payback for russia's consistent and fairly brutal support for the syrian regime during that civil war. twin assad and isis in some sense >> russia has been at the top or near the top of the list of isis for many years you want to go way back in history, whether it's the anti-soviet struggle in the '80s or the chechen civil war in the '90s and early 2000s. the jihadist movement has been very focused on russia, isis itself saw russia as one of its top enemies because it really was a game changer in the syrian civil war, backing the syrian government against isis and like-minded groups. and isis-k itself has also emphasized russia as a threat using that data to criticize the taliban, its enemy by saying that the taliban have been too close to russia and finally, isis-k has a lot of central asians and people from the caucasus in its ranks. and that gives it a lot of potential to attack russia >> write the k and khorasan refers to afghanistan what lessons do you draw down from this attack? is this. we >> forgotten about it for a while. what do you, what are the lessons you draw from this attack >> i would say there's good news and bad news. so the obvious bad news is this is a dangerous bloody group. and it's capable of reaching outside the afghanistan, pakistan area where it's been focused for me here. so did a deadly attack at the beginning of this year in iran. there have been disrupted plots in europe, and now we see this horrific attack in russia. the silver lining to all this though, is that us intelligence it seems to have at least some ability to monitor the group, the warning of the united states provided russia, which russia ignored, one time, he did, but it still shows that us intelligence is tracking this group effectively is that a shift we'd gotten used to the idea that us intelligence got saddam hussein >> and his new weapons of mass destruction wrong. and things like that. do you do you think us intelligence has learned from those mistakes and is in better shape because it would did well on ukraine, it's done well here us intelligence has been tracking counterterrorism and working against your highest >> groups for over 20 years now. and it's built up tremendous experience. it's not perfect, it's almost impossible to stop every the terrorist attack. but it has a lot of expertise and remarkable capabilities often working with partners around the world and it's gotten quite good at this so dan, why is putin blaming ukraine? and we're given that there's no evidence that ukraine was involved. and will it work >> putin has promised to provide security to russians and he really made his initial reputation by winning or at least severely defeating jihadist forces in places like chatterley on the caucuses in general. so this attack is really an embarrassment to them, even a humiliation given the warning and ukraine is the war of the day so putin is trying to say, here's our enemy today, and they're responsible for all bad things. including this attack, even though there's no evidence of this. i'm despite that at least some russians are likely to believe it. they're inundated with regime propaganda their ability to access other information is limited, or at times even twisted so this will have some support and russia up, but it's still a tremendous embarrassment for the regime and when you, >> when you think about going forward, is it possible that putin will get diverted from the war in ukraine and pushed towards i don't know, somewhere in the south, in the caucuses, somewhere where he thinks he can strike isis or is the is the main focus. so going to be ukraine, you think? >> the overwhelming focus is going to be ukraine? that's where putin has been putting a huge amount of resources, the lives of russians, tremendous cost in general into the fight. there may be some symbolic high-profile effort to blow something up or take action against isis-k or some entity that russia claims is linked to it. but ukraine's still going to be where almost all russia's resources go >> then this was incredibly helpful and insightful. thank you really he helped us 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urged is released to replace him >> meanwhile, >> in gaza, the humanitarian situation worsens by the day with the un warning that famine in the north is imminent. so what is the best way forward bret stephens as a columnist at the new york times seven, a former editor in chief of the jerusalem post daniel cursor is a former us ambassador to both israel and egypt. he is now a professor of middle east policy studies at >> welcome both >> ambassador, let me start with you by asking how, how serious is this rift the us is now sponsoring or resolution so far from vetoing resolutions, calling for ceasefire is now sponsoring them. >> peter >> barnard in the new york times says this is a kind of existential moment of watershed for the gap between zionism and liberal, liberalism developing. how do you see it? >> i think we're heading towards a much more serious crisis, but there's still time to avert it netanyahu and biden have agreed that a delegation of israelis, senior officials with visit washington, this week to try to narrow those differences. the real issue is how much of an offensive if israel conducts in rafah. i think we were of one mind that israel needs to defeat hamas, were of one mind on the return of hostages but were quite concerned that a major offensive in rafah will have severe humanitarian consequences. >> brett, is this as big a watershed is best someone like by an artist saying no because if you look at the long history of american israeli relations, there have always been periods of crisis and go back to the ford administration, the eisenhower administration, the reagan administration, even they've always, the relationship is always repaired itself because there are shared interests and shared values. and i think this is another one of of those moments. and as you pointed out, there is a shared interest in defeating hamas and a shared belief that you have to get the hostages back and evaluate one way or another, you have to resolve the humanitarian crisis. i think israelis understand that too. so really the difference is going to be get tactical one, how these israelis go into rafah, in what way, on on what timetable i think that's the issue that needs to be solved, not a kind of a grand strategic rupture between these two countries, but it does seem like already there is a huge humanitarian crisis that is largely as far as i can tell created by israeli policy on the ground. so for instance, david miliband was on, i'm christiana one brush show and it was describing how truck after truck gets stopped from entering rafah because humanitarian supplies might include surgical scissors or needles and things like that. you need to cut umbilical cords and things like that and if there's one such thing found the entire truck is turned back the un says that something like 1 million people are close to famine conditions surely that's stuff that the united states has been pressing. the israeli to change policy on. but they're not >> whether there are two points the humanitarian crisis was caused and continues to be caused by hamas and the way in which it fights behind between and beneath civilians, they bear responsibility for the crisis. about 150 trucks as far as i know, maybe more are going in every day because the gaza strip is really a very small territory. relieving the crisis is, isn't the main issue. the biggest issue is achieving security for the trucks that do go in because you have a situation this i do think falls on israeli shoulders. you have a situation in which they haven't taken real control of the territory in which they are operating. so now army gangs are looting those, those trucks. so david petraeus has talked about the need for a kind of a hold and build strategy for the israelis. the prominent is for israel is they have largely demobilize the army. so they do not have the numbers of troops they need in order to assure the security of those convoys. but ambassador don't they still bear responsibility than if they're, if they're in this place and they are militarily and control, they do bear. ultimately >> the responsibility for ensuring humanitarian supplies are they certainly do. and this is situation where israeli tactics going into gaza have helped create this situation. bread is right, that hamas does hide in under around civilians but the fact of the matter is that so much infrastructure has been destroyed and so many people have been dislocated from their homes that israel now has to help the international community facilitate the humanitarian relief. and that has not gone as well as it should have until now. >> all right. hold on. we're going to come back and we're going to discuss the all-important question of what happens next and what happens the day after this military operation and become that leaks lives. >> cia >> secrets, >> valerie play the plane dollars, playing. lines, words >> yes, my children. this is horrifying. >> united states of scandal with 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to get arabs to agree to kind of rolling on israeli tanks are on the back of israeli victory is and govern the territory, aren't they going to say no, we don't want any part of this? >> so easy. no. but i think ultimately essential because for them a continuing crisis in gaza is a door to hell for two reasons. gaza, at least so long as hamas has some kind of power in it, becomes an arm of israeli power and it becomes a rallying cry for domestic discontents in place. just like jordan egypt, and throughout in an arm of iranian power, oh, excuse me, a norm of iranian power. and also 44 arab states, especially moderate arab states of crisis in gaza, means an ongoing problem with their own domestic constituents. so they really do have a long-term stake in seeing gaza become an nsaid. this is a very long term, something closer to do by than say, two places like yemen. >> he's >> really is also have an interest because in the long term, israel cannot, cannot afford to occupy gaza indefinitely, can afford it in terms of the manpower it would require, or the cost or the diplomatic diplomatic pressure that would be brought on. a future for a palestinian state may end up looking a lot like the united arab emirates, which is progressive federated and living in peace with its neighbors. that should be at least notionally something that israelis and moderate arab leaders part the people who signed abraham, abraham accords, could get behind, but bread that seems if gaza has dubai seems a stretch, a two-state solution strikes me as all so a huge stretch it now because immune israeli public, as far as i can tell as much more opposed to it, then it has ever been in its history and when it was in favor, it was still hard to do when barack proposed it, when omer proposed it it feels like this is more fantasy than real >> you should have a >> 20-year horizon israelis are opposed to now because their fear, and i think it's entirely legitimate. is that a palestinian state on the west bank would be quickly become hamas stan. and the problem they had in gaza would be exponentially larger. but the purpose of zionism is for jews, not to be ruled by others, but also not to rule others and i think most israelis understand that in the long term, that's in their interest. everything that when >> the occupation has gone on 56 years, the occupation has gone on 56 six years, but there have been real efforts to resolve it, including in 2000 at camp david, an offer that was rejected by the palestinians and then several years later, another offered rejected by the current president abbas. these things ultimately need to resolve themselves of the state of israel is going to be a jewish and democratic state. what matters really is the karatay drove the palestinian state. will it look like something like the uae, a progressive, modern, modern, forward-looking society, or is it going to be another outpost of iranian power and look like lebanon, and that's a material question that israelis have to be comfortable having a good answer to ambassador >> a lot i'm not sure that we have to include in a vision the type of society that the palestinians ultimately have. it's going to be their choice >> what >> is necessary however, is that the two sides ca, long-term horizon in which they can live next door to each other in peace and security perhaps with a large wall and peacekeeping and all kinds of other interventionist security mechanisms but the reality is by process of elimination. the only possible outcome of this conflict is two states frankly, over the past 25 years, we haven't made as much progress as we have wanted to, but we actually have made a lot of progress. the negotiations in 2008 with prime minister olmert and president abbas actually came quite close on a number of issues president obama put forward a proposal in 2014, which was quite ambitious. so the reality is that if they ever can get back to negotiations which won't happen immediately, they may find that they're closer to agreement than it seems at the current time. >> i agree >> with you for read the public mood in israel is raw as we would understand quite well, trauma is still quite evident. the mood among the palestinians, especially in gaza us is quite raw. but given some time and the efforts of outside parties, the united states, europe, the arabs and others we can start this pathway towards resuming a process leading to two states ambassador bread, pleasure to have you both up >> next >> on gps, i will bring you my take on why >> preston biden's approval ratings are so know when the economy is booming when we come back vegas the story of sensitive 1098 on cnn just nothing better than the subway series foot-long, except when you add on all new foot-long sidekick, like the philly with a new $2 footlong churros. sometimes the sidekick is the main in event, you would say that every effort foot-long desert the perfect sidekick do first, >> we don't 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predicts reelection. it used to be that the public's view of the president depended mostly on its view of the economy but that relationship has gone haywire recently. look at the economy america is an unusually good health it has recovered better from the covid-19 pandemic than any other major economy for two years, the unemployment rate has been under 4%. a streak, the us hasn't seen in nearly six decades inflation, which was worrying, has dropped sharply since mid 2022 there's now 3.2% wage growth for lower-income workers over the past few years has outpaced that of high-income workers the flood of good news also include some unprecedented data in a reversal of a decades long trend black participation in the labor force is now higher than white participation. and yet, president biden's third year average approval ratings were about 40%. the second lowest of modern presidents it's currently 38% part of the answer's probably the disconnect around people's perception and feelings while consumer sentiment is up dramatically from its all-time low in june 2022 and many people have positive personal finances. they are gloomy on the economy at large >> explanations for >> this disconnect are bound. some say it's a time lag. others that people have been swayed by social media seller. does that inflation tends to trump all else but i think the real answer is that politics today is no longer fundamentally driven by economics that are political preferences are today shaped more by issues of culture, class, and tribalism then by how much money we make that is one of the core thesis of my new book, age of revolutions which argues that we are living through a huge backlash after decades of rapid accelerations technology and globalization. and they, and this backlash is largely centered on cultural anxiety and a fast changing world the disconnect between economics and politics has been growing for a while. as nate cohn of the new york times has noted ever since barack obama's presidency, the rock solid connection between the health of the economy and a president's approval ratings has quote, almost gone unquote trump presided over a very strong economy until covid, and yet his approval ratings were extremely low. >> just like biden. >> and during the 2020 election, something extraordinary happened democrats and republicans views of the economy flipped massively in the months around biden's inauguration democrats who had previously thought the economy was in terrible shape. now thought it was booming. and republicans did the opposite. a similar flip-flop occurred when trump was elected. >> in other words, people's political leanings shape the views of the economy, not the other way round what then is shaping people's political affiliations? i argue in the book that it is identity, which encompasses culture, class, and tribalism you see the 20th century political leanings were shaped by economics, where you sat economically determined, where you voted politically it made sense in a much for age when vast numbers of working class voters were fundamentally motivated by moving up to secure a decent living recall america's per capita gdp in 1950 adjusted for inflation, was around $15,000 most western societies achieved that basic economic condition by the 1960s and people began to press the posterior elastic identities and values i'm drawing on powerful survey research done over decades by the social scientist ronald inglehart the rise of cultural politics explains the other great shift in polling that has been best observed by the financial times as john byrne murdoch, of racial realignment. all non-white voters, especially hispanic and black voters a becoming more evenly divided between left and right than they have been for decades >> why >> perhaps many of them are realizing that on many of the social issues that now dominate abortion, gay rights, immigration they may lean more right than left in recent decades globalization and technology have moved so fast that they have left many people in advance societies deeply anxious. and when people see the world and flux, they often move not left on economics, but right on culture they want the world to stop changing so fast. and they listen to politicians who promised to take them back to the good old days to make america great. again, the lefts instinct is to solve this problem by spending money biden's policies have disproportionately helps people in rural areas without college degrees. in other words, trump voters. but i doubt this will make them into democrats the left needs to play more effectively on the new crossroads of politics, where culture and class have replaced economics go to cnn.com slash opinions for link to my column this week next on gps, i just mentioned my new book. it's out this week and i wanted to tell you more about it and a conversation with walter isaacson when we come back this is the time to came through that. do you're finally mastering graham is 12 aerosols you're still talking about me 11 hours. luckily, american home shields is there to fix or replace covered appliances and home system protect. we don't expect because it ahs.com and get a free quote today >> the hotel pool feels so much warmer >> when do you >> trivago to find a great deal trivago comparison hotel offers from hundreds of sites instantly. >> so >> you can save up to $30 a night. >> hotel, trivago >> the nail salon. i'm at the grocery store i'm at the combination now so lawn and grocery store, she's at the nail salon and the grocery store she's uptick combination nail still not in grocery store >> i've got a festival set >> and she's at my door. i don't have to choose between acrylics and the grocery store important health care announcement. if people tell you your tv is too loud, or if listening in some environments has become too difficult. we are requesting your participation in especially so program called the 30-day risk-free challenge hearing, 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more than four centuries the world has been defined by a divide we call left and right big government versus smaller government. there's a really amusing story of the beginning of the book that involves architecture and interior design design about why do we call it left and right? >> it's, it's, it's a strange happenstance just before the french revolution. the french parliament, when those is called the estates-general, is summoned by the king. the king wants to tax, he needs it's rubber stamp approval. parliament doesn't want to give it to him and what ends up happening is the people who support the king end up gathering on the right-hand side of the room diverted the right of the chair and the people who are critical of the king. and up on the left then the parliament moves to paris, where they are given a rectangular room. and this architect or dram paris tries to design a new by them call the national assembly. and he puts people on the left and on the right, but not by ideology that point there was just, it was kind and if you free seeding and what starts to happen is the people who want to overthrow the monarchy all end up sitting on the left of the presiding officer. and the people who want to uphold the monarchy set on the right and from that for 250 years, we have said left-wing when we mean somebody who sort of liberal and right-wing when we mean somebody who is conservative, you talk about revolutions really for centuries from the netherlands and the french revolution to today. but you say, nowadays we live in particularly revolutionary time. but doesn't it seem in history we've always lived in revolutionary times. what makes nowadays different? >> so take the three big things i think globalization there was a massive explosion of globalization over the last 30 years. if you look at globalization expanding in the '50s and 16, or you, i'd like japan come online, then south korea came online. and then in the '80s and '90s china, india, all of latin america, most of africa, something like two-and-a-half billion people suddenly joined the world economy. the data shows this trade as a percent of gdp in 1913, just before for world war i, which was considered the height of the borderless world, was 30%. it's now 60% is doubled or take the identity revolution that has taken place just take women's lib throughout human history. some group has been up, some group has been down the one has persecuted the other. >> but for all of >> recorded history, women were second-class citizens. and in the last 40 years that has changed, that identity. revolution is causing a backlash. you look at reactionary forces, whether they are christian national nationalists, whether they are jewish ultra-orthodox. and of course, islamic forces, they're all opposed to women's lib, which to the emancipation of women. so that's a perfect example of the scale of change in the last 40 years has been huge. and the backlash as a result, as huge as well, where you talk about a communications revolution happening now. but you also mentioned robert gordon and others who say 100 years ago in the early 1900s, we had everything from the telegram to electricity to trained. there was a huge community occasions where evolution and some of the backlash is back that why is this revolution in technology different >> we created a whole new digital world that's something so much bigger than whether or not the cars are running faster. electricity is probably on that scale, but the digital revolution really created a whole new world and it has changed our conception of who we are. think of, what we're talking about now with ai, we're for the first time in history we're talking about human beings being able to expand the quality and strength of their mind. we've never been able to do that before >> and it's >> producing enormous anxiety about what that means. so the psychological effect of the information revolution maybe greater than almost anyone, any of them. we've had before >> you talk about the cultural revolutions. and we've convinced me, i mean, we're living in those great revolutionary time. >> but >> of course, it's also a time of great backlash, which is what happens with revolutions how does this end? it seems like the backlash has winning at the moment. >> it does seem like the backlash is when you're at least it's very strong everywhere you look >> i still >> believe that the forces of progress of liberal democracy are incredibly strong. we've never faced this kind of backlash before, but at some level you look at the end of the de, figure, people will realize that they want freedom, they want choice, they want all the things that individual liberty and liberal democracy have given them but it doesn't fill the hole in our hearts this is one thing where i think jefferson may not have gotten it quite right. people loved the idea of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. >> but they don't >> quite know how to pursue it they find it easier to have some leader tell them or church tell them. and there's that hole in the heart that liberalism leaves you with that feeling of anxiety of loneliness liberalism has to find a way to answer that question. but what used to be filled by religion, by nationalism, and what liberalism says, it's no use your personal decision, your pursuit of happiness is your own choice. and we get very uneasy with that. and it makes us anxious and it makes us want to go back to some edenic time. this that's why all of these reactionary movements always promise you they're going to take you back to a time when life was simpler. and that decision was made by somebody the else you don't have to have the anxiety of trying to figure out what, what is a good life for aid congratulations, the age of revolutions. it's a great book. thanks. >> thank you. water again, my new book is called age of revolutions, progress and backlash from 1,600 to the present. it's tuesday hardcover, e-book audio book read by me next on gps. i will tell you which is the world's happiest country hint it is not the united states >> houston check >> we hear nothing >> the spatial accidental choosing not one thing. it's a series of events is that part of the wing coming apart >> space shuttle columbia, he final flight or mere sunday, april 7 at night? hi, and on cnn >> what do you doing? >> sound effects >> why are you doing that? >> why aren't you? i care is health care you deserve america's best to give your teeth a dentist clean feeling. start with a round brush head, add power, and you've got oral-b round cleans better by surrounding each to remove 100% more flat for a superior clean oral-b brush like a pro. >> did you know there's no t in skechers? >> what he told about it's been scheduled z and these get too slippery is ten sketches ready to isn't it? >> the power bi, with the perfect name? great logo, and a beautiful website to start with the domain, a few clicks and you're in 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been associated with neurologic adverse reactions, including seizures, used with caution and dogs with a history of these disorders through action go with sim a trio oh, ready to last than one second. i got it. finished my laundry >> girls nine second. i used rinse the company that will pick up wash bold, and deliver your laundry and dry cleaner thank touch with breton. >> sign up for rinsing rinse.com to >> get $20 off your first order >> not to bet on a subway series foot-long, except when you add on a all new foot-long zach kick, we're talking about $2 footlong to row three foot long pretzel kind of $5 footlong cookie. every effort foot-long deserts are perfect sidekick water one was your favor subway sumy sub today. >> now at t professionally installs google nest products >> you're all set are in the system. we should go with the >> most trusted name and home security as the intelligence of google you have a home with no worries brought to you by adt. soaked with water >> or how solomon in new york and this is cnn >> and now for the last look what is the secret to happiness >> for the answer >> you might want to book a flight to helsinki because finland has topped the list of the world's happiest countries for the seventh straight year that's according to gallops 12th annual world happiness report released this week. the report ranks countries based on their citizens own assessment of their life satisfaction on a scale of zero to ten. >> the >> nordic countries with are high levels of trust and robust social safety nets. all made the top ten the news this year is actually the relatively poor performance of the united states of america it rank 23rd on the list right behind the uae it's down from 15th place in 2023 this decline is due at least in part to a highly disturbing trend the market drop in happiness reported by americans under the age of 30. as npr nodes, researchers have long observed that happiness is typically high in one's early carefree years low in middle age full of responsibilities like work and childcare. and then rising again in later years, around 60 and above but we do not see that trend at play in the united states today. take the rankings by age. if you only look at people age 60 and over, the us's number ten on the list of happiest countries. if you look at people under 30, the us is in 62nd place right under the dominican republic, which has a per capita income around 01:00 a.m. that of the united states what is going on here for the past ten to 15 years, the us has been in the grips of a youth mental health crisis between 2,009.20, 19, the rate of depression among adolescents, nearly doubled in 2021, more than 42% of high school students reported persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness compared to just 28% in 2011. in 2021, 30% of high school girls seriously considered suicide, up from 19% decade earlier. and in 2021, nearly a quarter of high school girls made a suicide plan what explains this trend? you might say covid, but this trend started, well before the pandemic in 2021. the social psychologist jonathan haidt and jeanne twinkie found that the share of 15 year-olds reporting high levels of loneliness at school rose sharply beginning in 2012, particularly in the english-speaking world around the same time, a growing proportion of adolescents in the us reported getting less than seven hours of sleep as 20 told the new york times as ezra klein in an interview on his podcast last year she tried to think about what could be causing such distress around 2012 eventually, she trained her sights on a small but mighty culprit. the smartphone as 20 nodes, there was a huge jump in smartphone usage in 2012. and by january 2013, more than half of americans owned a smartphone by 2015 two-thirds of young people owned them with smartphones came the ubiquitous use of often toxic social media. and along with that, twinkie believes came the crisis in you with mental health now there may be a multiplicity of factors that explain low levels of happiness in young people two scholars at korea university looked at 20:18 data from 72 middle and high-income countries. they found that 15 year-olds and relatively poorer countries tended to be happier than their counterparts in wealthier ones the paper's authors write that this paradox is largely due to high levels of pressure in school schooling may be more rigorous and wealthier countries demanding too much of young people raising anxiety levels and robbing them of the freedom of their adolescence. there are other hypotheses young people are coming of age in a scary disconnected world one rife with war, natural disasters, climate change, guns in schools, soaring housing prices in the us make homebuying out of reach for many millennials. this all sounds grim, but looking back at the world happiness report, there is a sliver of hope central and eastern european countries have the opposite profile of north america. people under 30 that tend to be much happier than people over 60 that trend is particularly martin countries like serbia, croatia, and bosnia one possible reason young people didn't have to live through the war and strived that accompanied the breakup of yugoslavia in the 1990s. they are happy because they came of age in comparative piece it's that out of even the ugliest histories, hope can be born let that inspire all of us to work toward a better future for young people, especially all over the world

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