the program terror in >> capital on friday killing scores of concert goers isis claimed responsibility for the deadly rampage i will ask daniel bitumen about the state of jihadists terror today >> and bibi netanyahu insisted he will press ahead with plans for rafah invasion despite objections from president biden after more than five months of devastating war, is support from israel strongest ally, the united states fractured what is the best way forward i'll have a debate with the new york times says, bret stephens and a former ambassador to israel, daniel kurtzman >> also we're living in an age of revolutions >> from politics to economics, to technology i'll sit down with walter isaacson to talk about how such forces are shaping america and the world today. and what we can learn from revolutions of the past >> it's all a the view of my brand new book, age of revolutions i'll bring you my take later in the show, but first i wanted to get right to the terror attack in moscow, in which at least 133 people were killed a branch of isis called islamic state harassing or isis-k, claimed responsibility. russian authorities have said suspects directly involved in the rampage were arrested near the border of ukraine so what can we make of all of this? and it's bouton laying the groundwork to blame ukraine. i want to bring in daniel bitumen. daniel is the director of georgetown's security studies program and a senior fellow at the center for strategic and international studies dan welcome. i want to ask you first why russia a y as isis hitting russia, is this payback for russia's are consistent and fairly brutal support for the syrian regime during that civil war between assad and isis. and some sense russia, has. been at the top or near the top of the list of isis for many years >> you want to go way back in history, whether it's the anti-soviet struggle in the '80s or the chechen civil war in the '90s and early 2000s. the jihadist movement has been very focused on russia isis itself saw russia as one of its top enemies because it really was a game changer in the syrian civil war, backing the syrian government against isis and like-minded groups. and isis-k itself has also emphasized russia or threat using that to criticize the taliban, its enemy by saying that the taliban have in too close to russia and finally, isis-k has a lot of central asians and people from the caucasus in its ranks. and that gives it a lot of potential to attack russia write the k and the korocha refers to ganim stan >> what >> lessons do you draw down from this attack? is this. we, we, we sort of forgotten about it for a while, what do you, what are the lessons you draw from this attack? >> i would say there's good news and bad news. so the obvious bad news is this is a dangerous bloody group and it's capable of reaching outside the afghanistan, pakistan area where it's been focused for me here. so it did a deadly attack at the beginning of this year in iran. there have been disrupted plots in europe and now we see this horrific attack in russia the silver lining to all this though, is that us intelligence seems to have at least some ability to monitor the group, the warning, the united states provided russia, which russia ignored, went on. he did, but it still shows that us intelligence is tracking this group effectively is that a shift every week we'd gotten used to the idea that us intelligence god saddam hussein and his new weapons of mass destruction wrong. and things like that. do you do you think us indulgence has learned from those mistakes and is in better shape because it would did well on ukraine, it's done well here >> us intelligence has been tracking counterterrorism and working against your highest groups for over 20 years now. and it's built up tremendous experience. it's not perfect, it's almost impossible to stop every terrorist attack. but but it has a lot of expertise and remarkable capabilities, often working with partners around the world. and it's gotten quite good at this >> so dan, why is putin blaming ukraine? and we're given that there's no evidence that ukraine was involved. and will it work? >> putin has promised to provide security to russians and he really made his initial reputation by winning or at least severely defeating jihadis forces in places like chechnya in the caucuses in general. so this attack is really an embarrassment to him, even a humiliation given the morning and ukraine is the war of the day so putin is trying to say, here's our enemy today, and they're responsible for all bad things including this attack, even though there's no evidence of this. i'm despite that at least some russians are likely to believe it they're inundated with regime propaganda. their ability to access other formation is limited or at times even twisted. so this will have some support in russia up, but it's still a tremendous embarrassment for the regime >> and >> when you, when you think about going forward, is it possible that putin will get diverted from the war in ukraine and pushed towards i don't know, somewhere in the south, in the caucuses somewhere where he thinks he can strike isis or is the is the main focus still going to be ukraine, you think? >> the overwhelming focus is going to be ukraine, that's where putin has been putting a huge amount of resources, the lives of russians, tremendous cost in general into the fight. there may be some symbolic high-profile effort to blow something up or take action against isis-k or some entity that russia claims is linked to it. but ukraine still going to be where almost all russia's resources go >> then this was incredibly helpful and insightful. thank you, really helped us thank you for having me. >> we will be back with bret stephens and daniel kurta on the worsening public rift between the united states and one of its closest allies israel united states of scandal with jake tapper tonight at nine on cnn, the right age for neutrogena retinol 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at fisher investments were clearly different no way >> why would i use kayak to compare hundreds of travel sites at once i like to do things myself i do my own searching you sky it i can trust anything else to do the job right >> hi act search one and done >> close captioning brought to you by mesobook.com >> if you or a loved one have mesothelial, will send you a free book to answer questions you may have called now, and we'll come to you 808 to 14000 this week, benjamin netanyahu said, he would stand firm in his plans for a ground offensive in rafah, despite strong concerns from preston biden. >> this >> is the latest in an increasingly public rift between the two allies, which came to the fore last week when the senate's top democrat, chuck schumer said history, netanyahu has lost his way and urged israelis to replace him >> meanwhile, in >> gaza, the humanitarian situation worsens by the de, with the un warning that famine in the north is imminent. so what is the best way forward? bret stephens as a columnist at the new york times seven, a former editor in chief of the jerusalem post, daniel cursor is a former us ambassador to both israel and egypt. he's now a professor of middle east policy studies at princeton. >> welcome both >> ambassador, let me start with you by asking how, how serious is this rift? the us is now? sponsoring or resolution so far from vetoing resolutions, calling for ceasefire is now sponsoring them. peter binary in the new york times says this is a kind of existential moment of watershed for the gap between zionism and liberal, liberalism developing. how do you see it? >> i think we're heading towards a much more serious crisis, but there's still time to avert it netanyahu and biden have agreed that a delegation of israelis senior officials with visit washington this week to try to narrow those differences. the real issue is how much of an offensive israel conducts in mfa, i think we're of one mind. that israel needs to defeat hamas were of one mind on the return of hostages. but were quite concerned that a major offensive in rafah will have severe humanitarian consequences. >> bread is this as big a watershed is best someone like by an artist saying no, because if you look at the long history of american israeli relations, there have always been periods of crisis can go back to the ford administration, the eisenhower administration, the reagan administration, even they've always, the relationship is always repaired itself because there are shared interests and shared values. and i think this is another one of of those moments. and as you pointed out, there is a shared interest in defeating hamas and a shared belief that you have to get the hostages back and a value of one way or another, you have to resolve the humanitarian crisis. i think israelis understand that too. so really the difference is going to be a tactical one how these israelis go into rafah, in what way on, on what timetable i think that's the issue that needs to be solved, not a kind of a grant and strategic rupture between these two countries, but it does seem like already there is a huge humanitarian crisis that is largely as far as i can tell created by israeli policy on the ground. so for instance, david miliband was on some christiana on bro show and it was describing how truck after truck get stopped from entering rafah because humanitarian supplies might include surgical, scissors or needles and things like that, you need to cut umbilical cords and things like that. and if there's one such thing found the entire truck is turned back >> the >> the un says that something like 1 million people are close to famine conditions surely that's stuff that the united states has been pressing the israelis to change policy on. but >> they are not there are two points. the humanitarian crisis was caused and continues to be caused by hamas. and the way in which it fights behind between and beneath civilians, they bear responsibility for the crisis. about 150 trucks as far as i know, maybe more are going in every day because the gaza strip is really a very small territory relieving the crisis is, isn't the main issue. the biggest issue is achieving security for the trucks that do go in because you have a situation and this i do think falls on israeli shoulders. you have a situation in which they haven't taken real control of the territory in which they are operating. so now, armed gangs are looting those, those trucks. so david petraeus has talked about the need for a kind of a hold and build strategy for the israeli is the problem that is for israel is they have largely demobilize the army. so they do not have the numbers of troops they need in order to assure the security of those convoys. but >> ambassador don't they still bear responsibility than if they're, if they're in this place and they are militarily and control, they do bear ultimately the responsibility for ensuring humanitarian supplies >> or they certainly do. and this is situation where israeli tactics going into gaza have helped to create this situation. bread is right that hamas does hide in under around civilians. but the fact of the matter is that so much infrastructure has been destroyed and so many people have been dislocated from their homes. that israel now has to help the international community facilitate the humanitarian relief. and that has not gone as well as it should have until now >> all right. hold on. we're going to come back and we're going to discuss the all-important question of what happens next and what happens the day after this military operation and become that the greatest stage >> they talk about for a lifetime, regrow, the champions tvs bad. i just so >> crazy. good. that sleep expert guy at mattress firm mashed meet with my perfect mattress. >> i feel like things are clear now, you know, like i don't like, you the right mattress matters will find yours mattress firm. >> it's michael's lowest 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and your your your solution related, which is given the scale of the israeli invasion, given the devastation in gaza, given the extraordinary opposition that has released in the arab world, if you look at surveys is it going to be easy to get arabs to agree to kind of rolling on israeli tanks are on the back of israeli victory is and govern the territory, aren't they going to say no, we don't want any part of this? >> so easy. no. but i think ultimately essential because for them a continuing crisis in gaza is a door to hell for two reasons. gaza, at least so long as hamas has some kind of power in it, becomes an arm of israeli power and it becomes a rallying cry for domestic discontents and places like jordan. egypt, and throughout in an arm of iranian power. oh, excuse me, a norm of uranium power. and also for for arab states, especially moderate arab states of crisis in gaza means an ongoing problem with their own domestic constituents so they really do have a long-term stake in seeing gaza become. an nsaid. this is a very >> long term, something closer to dubai than say two places like yemen the israeli is also have an interest because in the long term, israel cannot afford to occupy gaza indefinitely, can afford it in terms of the manpower would require or the cost or the diplomatic the diplomatic pressure that would be brought on. a future for palestinian state may end up looking a lot like the united arab emirates, which is progressive federated and living in peace with its neighbors. that should be at least notionally something that israelis and moderate arab leaders part the people who signed the abraham accords, could get behind, but bread that seems if gaza has dubai seems a stretch, a two-state solution strikes me is also so a huge stretch right now because amino israeli public, as far as i can tell as much more opposed to bennett has ever been in its history. and when it was in favor, it was still hard to do when barack proposed it, when omer proposed it it feels like this is more fantasy than reality. you should have a 20-year horizon israelis are opposed to now because their fear, and i think it's entirely legitimate. is that a palestinian state on the west bank would be quickly become hamas stan. and the problem they had in gaza would be exponentially larger. but the purpose of zionism is for jews, not to be ruled by others, but also not to rule others and i think most israelis understand that in the long term, that's in their interest. >> everything that the occupation has gone on 56 years. yeah, the occupation has gone on 56 tears, but there have been real efforts to resolve it, including in 2000 at camp david, an offer that was rejected by the palestinians and then several years later, another offered rejected by the current president abbas. these things ultimately need to resolve themselves of the state of israel is going to be a jewish and democratic state. what matters really is the character for the palestinian state? will it look like something like the uae, a progressive, modern, modern, forward-looking society, or is it going to be another outpost of iranian power and look like lebanon, and that's a material question that israelis have to be comfortable having a good answer to ambassador >> i'm not sure that we have to include in a vision the type of society that the palestinians ultimately have. it's going to be their choice >> what >> is necessary however, is that the two sides ca, long-term horizon in which they can live next door to each other in peace and security perhaps with a large wall and peacekeeping and all kinds of other interventionist security mechanisms. but the reality is by process of elimination. the only a possible outcome of this conflict is two states frankly, over the past 25 years, we haven't made as much progress as we have wanted to, but we actually have made a lot of progress. the negotiations in 2008 with prime minister olmert and president abbas actually came quite close on a number of issues. president obama put forward a proposal in 2014, which was quite ambitious so the reality is that if they ever can get back to negotiations, which won't happen immediately. they may find that they're closer to agreement than it seems that the current time. >> i >> agree with you for read the public mood and israel is raw as we would understand quite well, trauma is still quite evident. >> the >> mood among the palestinians, especially in gaza, is quite raw. but good even some time and the efforts of outside parties, the united states, europe, the arabs and others. we can start this pathway towards resuming a process leading to two states ambassador >> bread, pleasure to have you both up >> next on >> gps, i will bring you my take on why preston biden's approval ratings are so low when the economy is booming. when we come back >> bring it out front. week nights at seven odd cnn >> okay. everyone, our mission is to provide complete balanced nutrition or 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the economy. america is an unusually good health. it has recovered better from the covid-19 pandemic than any other major economy. for two years, the unemployment rate has been under 4%. a streak, the us hasn't seen in nearly six decades inflation, which was worrying, has dropped sharply since mid 2022 and is now 3.2% wage growth for lower-income workers over the past few years has outpaced that of high-income workers the flood of good news also include some unprecedented data in a reversal of a decades long trend black participation in the labor force is now higher than white participation and yet, president biden's third year average approval ratings were about 40%. the second lowest of modern presidents. it's currently 38% part of the answer's probably the disconnect around people's perception and feelings. while consumer sentiment is up dramatically from its all-time low in june 2022. and many people have positive views of their personal finances they are gloomy on the economy at large >> explanations for this >> disconnect are bound. some say it's a time lag. others that people have been swayed by social media still others that inflation tends to trump all else but i think the real answer is that politics today is no longer fundamentally driven by economics that are political preferences are today shaped more by issues of culture class, and tribalism then by how much money we make. that is one of the core thesis of my new book, age of revolutions, which argues that we are living through a huge backlash after decades of rapid accelerations in technology and globalization and this backlash is largely centered on cultural anxiety and a fast-changing world the disconnect between the and politics has been growing for a while. as naibe cohn of the new york times has noted, ever since barack obama's presidency, the rock solid connection between the health the economy, and the president's approval ratings has quote almost gone unquote. trump presided over a very strong economy until covid, and yet his approval ratings were extremely low. just like biden >> and during the 2020 >> election, something extraordinary happened democrats and republicans views of the economy flipped massively in the months around biden's inauguration democrats who had previously thought the economy was in terrible shape. now thought it was booming. and republicans did the opposite. a similar flip-flop occurred when trump was elected. >> in other words, people's political leanings shape the views of the economy, not the other way round what then is shaping people's political affiliations i argue in the book that it is identity, which encompasses culture, class, and tribalism you see in the 20th century, political leanings were shaped by economics, where you sat economically determined, where you voted politically it made sense in a much poorer age when vast numbers of working class voters were fundamentally motivated by moving up to secure a decent living recall america's per capita gdp in 1950 adjusted for inflation, was around $15,000 most western societies achieved that basic economic condition by the 1960s and people began to express the post materialistic identities and values i'm drawing on powerful survey research done over decades by the social scientist ronald inglehart the rise of cultural politics explains the other great shift in polling that has been best observed by the financial times as john byrne murdoch a racial realignment. all non-white voters, especially hispanic and black voters, are becoming more evenly divided between left and right than they have been for decades. >> why >> perhaps many of them are realizing that on many of the social issues that now dominate abortion, gay rights immigration they may lean more right than left in recent decades, globalization and technology have moved so fast that they have left many people in advanced society's deeply anxious and when people see the world and flux, they often move not left on economics but right on culture. they want the world to stop changing so fast. and they listen to politicians who promised to take them back to the good old days to make america great. again the lefts instinct is to solve this problem by spending money biden's policies have disproportionately helps people in rural areas without college degrees. in other words, trump voters but i doubt this will make them into democrats the left needs to play more effectively on the new crossroads of politics. where culture and class have replaced economics go to cnn.com slash opinions for linked to my column this week next on gps. i just mentioned my new book. it's out this week and i wanted to tell you more about it and a conversation with walter isaacson when we come back check >> we hear nothing. >> the space shuttle accident, it's usually not one thing. it's a series of events. >> is that part of the wing coming? in the >> space shuttle columbia, the final flight or mere sunday, april 7 at 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and i get my reality shows when we don't want to pay your mom and i can still get hundreds of channels for free. >> thing is really keeping this family together. >> you have no idea. i had no idea >> i brought in a job, max protein with 30 grams of protein. those who tried me felt more energy in just two weeks here, i'll take that ensure >> max protein, 30 grams, protein 1, sugar 25 vitamins and minerals and a new fiber blend with a prebiotic >> students students of any age from any there using our technology the power different ways of mourning. so in minds bro coventry direct.com i'm zachary cohen in washington and this is cnn >> closed captioning is brought to you by skechers, hands-free slip ends just slip in. that's >> all i need to do with my >> new hands free sketches slip into. >> it's like slip ins have an >> invisible built-in shoe horn. so my foot slides into place what could be better >> as i mentioned before, the break, my new book comes out this tuesday. it's called age of revolutions, progress and backlash from 1,600 to the present i wanted to do something unusual now, i am going to hand over the show to my dear friend, the great writer walter isaacson while there is yet to ask me some questions for change. >> hey, it's great to turn the tables you write in this book that for more than four centuries the world has been defined by a divide we call left and right a big government versus smaller government. there's a really amusing story of the beginning of the book that involves architecture and interior design about why do we call it left and right >> it's, it's, it's a strange happenstance just before the french revolution. the french parliament in those is called the estates-general, is summoned by the king. the king wants to tax, he needs it needs rubber stamp approval. parliament doesn't want to give it to him and what ends up happening is the people who support the king end up gathering on the right-hand side of the rooms or whatever to the right of the chair and the people who are critical of the king. and up on the left then the parliament moves to paris, where they are given a rectangular room. and this archetype beer or dram paris tries to design a new by them call the national assembly. and he puts people on the left and on the right, but not by ideology that point, there was just, it was kind if you free seeding and what starts to happen is the people who want to overthrow the monarchy, all end up sitting on the left of the presiding officer. and the people who want to uphold the monarchy set on the right and from that for 250 years, we have said left-wing when we mean somebody who sort of liberal and right-wing when we mean somebody who is conservative, you talk about revolutions really four centuries from the netherlands and the french revolution two today. >> but you >> say, nowadays we live in a particularly revolutionary time but doesn't it team in history? we've always lived in revolutionary times. what makes nowadays different? >> so take the three big things i think globalization there was a massive explosion of globalization over the last 30 years. if you look at globalization expanding in the '50s and '60s, you you had, like japan come online, then south korea came online. and then in the '80s and '90s china, in dear all of latin america, most of africa somebody like two-and-a-half billion people suddenly joined the world economy. the data shows this trade as a percent of gdp and 1913, just before world war i, which was considered the height of the borderless world, was 30%. it's now 60% is doubled or take the identity d revolution that has taken place just take women's lib, you know, throughout human history some group has been up, some group has been down the one has persecuted the other. >> but for all >> of recorded history, women were second-class citizens. and in the last 40 years that has changed, that identity revolution is causing a backlash. you look at reactionary forces, whether they are christian nationalists, whether they are jewish ultra-orthodox, and of course, islamic forces, they're all opposed to women's lib with the emancipation of women. so that's a perfect example of the scale of change in the last 40 years has been huge. and the backlash as a result, as huge as well, where you talk about a communications revolution happening now. but you also mentioned robert gordon and others who say, 100 years ago in the early 1900s, we had a we think from the telegram to electricity to trained, there was a huge communications revolution and some of the backlash is back that why is this revolution in technology different? >> we created a whole new digital world that's something so much bigger than whether or not the cars are running faster electricity is probably on that scale, but the digital revolution really created a whole new world. and it has changed our conception of who we are. think of, what we're talking about now with ai, where for the first time in history, we're talking about human beings being able to expand the quality and strength of them hi, and we've never been able to do that before. >> and it's >> producing enormous anxiety about what that means. your the psychological effect of the information revolution may be greater than almost anyone, any of them. we've had before >> you talk about the cultural revolutions. and you've convinced me, i mean, we're living in this group great revolutionary time. >> but of >> course, it's also a time of great backlash, which is what happens with revolutions >> how does this end? >> it seems >> like the backlash has winning at the moment. >> it does seem like the backlash is when you at least it's very strong everywhere you look i still believe that the forces of progress of liberal democracy are incredibly strong. we've never faced this kind of backlash before, but at some level, you look at the end of the day, you figure people will realize that they want freedom. they want choice, they want all the things that individually it will liberty and liberal democracy have given them. but it doesn't fill the hole in our hearts this is one thing where i think jefferson may not have gotten quite right. people loved the idea of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness but they don't quite know how to pursue it they find it easier to have some leader tell them or church tell them >> and there's that >> hole in the heart that liberalism leaves you with that feeling of anxiety, of loneliness liberalism has to find a way to answer that question. but we're used to be filled by religion, by nationalism, and what liberalism says, it's no use your personal decision, your pursuit of happiness is your own choice. and we get very uneasy with that. and it makes us anxious and it makes us want to go back to some edenic time. this that's why all of these reactionary movements always promise you they're going to take you back to a time when life was simpler. and that decision was made by somebody else. you don't have to have the anxiety maybe of trying to figure out what is a good life for aid congratulations, the age of revolutions. it's a great book. thanks >> thank you. water again, my new book is called age of revolutions, progress and backlash from 1,600 to the present is our tuesday >> hardcover e-book audio book. read by me next, on gps, i will tell you which is the world's happiest country. hint. >> it is not the united states leaks lives, cia secrets maori plate, valerie plane draw or play lives were instead. >> yes i children. >> this is horrifying. united states of scandal with jake tapper, new episode tonight at nine on cnn. >> it's a new day. >> one. we're are shared values propel us towards a more secure future through august of partnership built upon cutting-edge american australian, and british technologies will develop state-of-the-art next generations that build something stronger together during decades of peace and prosperity for america 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>> no >> matt and the lost kingdom repeating he 13 now streaming exclusively on macs >> we're building a better postal service all parts working in sync to move your business forward. with the streamline shipping network and new high-speed processing and delivery centers for more value more of a liability and more on-time deliveries. the united states postal service is built for how you business and how you business is with simple, affordable, and reliable shipping. usps ground advantage and fisher investments. we may look like other money managers, but were different. >> you can't be that different. >> we are we have a team of specialists, not only an investor staying, but also in financial and estate planning and more, your clients rely on you for all that? yes. and as a fiduciary, we always put their interests first, but you still saw commission-based products, right? >> no. >> we have a simple management fee structured, so we do better when our clients do better, we're more different than i thought at fisher investments work clearly different >> okay. everyone, our mission is to provide complete balanced nutrition are strength and energy >> ensure with 27 vitamins and minerals transfer immune to duckduckgo on all your devie duckduckgo comes with a built-n engine like google, but it's pi and doesn't spy on your searchs and duckduckgo lets you browse like chrome, but it blocks cooi and creepy ads that follow youa from google and other companie. and there's no catch. it's fre. we make money from ads, but they don't follow you aroud join the millions of people taking back their privacy by downloading duckduckgo on all your devices today. 1808851177. call now vegas >> the story of sensitive nine on cnn >> and now for the last look what is the secret to happiness >> for the >> answer you might want to book a flight to helsinki because finland has stopped the list of the world's happiest countries for the seventh straight year that's according to gallops, 12th annual world happiness report released this week, the report ranks countries based on their citizens, one assessment of their life satisfaction on a scale of zero to ten. the nordic countries, with a high levels of trust and robust social safety nets all made the top ten. the news this year is actually the relatively poor performance of the united states of america it rank 23rd on the list, right behind the uae it's down from 15th place in 2023 this decline is due at least in part to a highly disturbing trend. the market drop in happiness reported by americans under the age of 30. as npr nodes, researchers have long observed that happiness is typically high in one's early carefree years. loh in middle age, full of responsibilities like work and childcare. and then rising again in later years, around 60 and above but we do not see that trend at play in the united states today take the rankings by age. >> if you >> only look at people age 60 and over, the us's number ten on the list of happiest countries. if you look at people under 30, the us is 62nd place? but under the dominican republic, which has a per capita income around one eighth that of the united states what is going on here for the past ten to 15 years, the us has been in the grips of a youth mental health crisis between 2,009.20, 19, the rate of depression among adolescents nearly doubled in 2021, more than 42% of high school students reported persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness compared to just 28% in 2011. in 2021, 30% of high school girls seriously considered suicide, up from 19% decade earlier. and in 2021, nearly a quarter of high school girls made a suicide plan what explains this trend? you might say covid, but this trend started well before the pandemic in 2021. the social psychologist jonathan haidt and jeanne twinkie found that the share of 15 year-olds reporting high levels of loneliness at school rose sharply beginning in 2012 particularly in the english speaking world around the same time, a growing proportion of adolescents in the us reported getting less than seven hours of sleep as 20 told the new york times is ezra klein in an interview on his podcast last year, she tried to think about what could be causing such distress around 2012 eventually she trained her sights on a small but mighty culprit, the smartphone as 20 nodes, there was a huge jump in smartphone usage in 2012. and by january 20 more than half of americans owned a smartphone by 20152 thirds of young people owned them with smartphones came the ubiquitous use of often toxic social media. and along with that, twinkie believes came the crisis in youth mental health now there may be a multiplicity of factors that explain low levels of happiness in young people. two scholars at korea university looked at 20:18 data from 72 middle and high-income countries. they found that 15 year-olds and relatively poorer countries tended to be happier than their counterparts in wealthier ones. the paper's authors write that this paradox is largely due to high levels of pressure in school schooling may be more rigorous and wealthier countries demanding too much of young people, raising anxiety levels and robbing them of the freedom of their adolescents there are other hypotheses. young people are coming of age in a scary, disconnected world. one rife with war natural disasters, climate change, guns in schools soaring housing prices in the us make homebuying out of reach for many millennials. this all sounds grim, but looking back at the world happiness report, there is the sliver of hope central and eastern european countries have the opposite profile of north america. people under 30 that tend to be much happier than people over 60. that trend is particularly marked in countries like serbia, croatia, and bosnia one possible reason young people didn't have to live through the war and stripes that accompanied the breakup of yugoslavia in the 1990s. they are happy because they came of age in comparative piece it's suggests that out of even the ugliest histories hope can be born let that inspire all of us to work toward a better future for young people, especially all over the world thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week, i will see you next week