questions that diana was asking herself, what do i need to be for him, what does the royal family need from me. what do they need from sne but wait, what do i wane for me as well? >> i felt like a lamb to the slaughter, and i knew it. >> she was the prize. diana was taken and put into a gilded cage. >> diana was clearly going downhill. >> what your heart wants is not the same as the system wants for you. >> will thou honor him in sickness and health for as long as you both shall live? >> i -- i hated being chinese. i hated feeling different when i was a little girl. ours was one of the few asian families in the neighborhood, and i was teased all the time. kids would come up to me and go, oh, risa ring. you just don't want to stand out. you just don't want to be different. so when i was teased, i never told anyone about it. i never complained. i just repressed it. i had so much shame about being asian and then i must have been ten or 11 years old when my dad was reading the newspaper and there was a story about a young man in detroit who was brutally murdered because of his race. and it just exacerbated that feeling of unbelonging for me. it was the 1970s and detroit had been the automotive manufacturing capital of the world for decades. >> the city produces for automobiles than any other city on ertz. >> over generations, millions of people's lively hoods depended on the industry. including helen. her princeton grad went on to medical school but had a change of heart and moved to motor city during the boom where she immediately got a job in the chrysler plant. >> i was a large press operator. we stamped out mettle car parts, you know, like a hood. a door. it was the highest pay i had ever received. >> but in 1979, helen and hundreds of thousands of workers felt the bottom drop out. >> oil is becoming scarce and far too expensive. >> detroit's auto industry was shattered by an international oil crisis. as the cost of gas skyrocketed, consumers turned to fuel efficient american cars and the sale of american across thanked. >> car sales last month fell to their lowest level in the 1 years. >> the midwest was in a terrible depression. i was in those unemployment lines in the dead of winter, a michigan winter, that snaked around the block several times. >> by 1982, one in five detroit residents were out of a job. >> it's few and far between jobs are hard to come by. are you hiring? >> the only thing i can say is move somewhere else. >> suddenly after a lifetime of well paying jobs where they could afford a house, two cars, a recreational vehicle, a summer cottage, suddenly, it was wiped out. >> the only answer is charity. >> people game destitute. the frustration turned into anger. people want to know, why is this happening to me? who can i blame? and in the end they kind of all reach the consensus let's blame japan. >> japan, a former enemy during world war ii had cornered the market. >> so anybody who looked japanese suddenly had a target on their backs. >> what was that like for you as an asian person? in motor city when this anti-japanese centsentiment was starting to spread? with. >> it was terrifying because you knew that not only did you have the face of the enemy but the rhetoric was out there all the time, not just from the company, but the government. the enemy, the enemy. what do you do with the enemy? you kill them. >> detroiters took out their frustration on japanese cars. >> people were violent. >> it was not a great week to think that if i ran into the wrong person, i would be the enemy. >> they wanted to show a couple of things. >> helen would read in the paper about the death of a 27-year-old chinese american. >> in almost 10 years in detroit i had never seen an article about anything related to chinese americans and then to see this. the groom was killed just before his wedding. and his 400 wedding dpess weapon to his funeral instead. i kept it because i knew that there was something more to that story. >> it was on a summer night in 1982. >> vincent chen was out for his bachelor party and was going to be married in a few days, and instead, he ran into the kind of person that every asian in detroit was afraid that they might run into. >> inside the bar, 43-year-old ronald evans, a foreman at a chrysler automobile plan and his stepson taunted chen, distaking him for japanese. >> the confrontation turned physical and continued out on the streets. vinh seine thought he got away but the two men hunted him down outside a mcdonalds. as one held his arms behind him, the other swung a bat. >> four swings to his head. they beat his brains out on to the street. >> that night in the hospital, the nurse told me that he's not going to make it. i saw that you know, life can end in a moment. >> gary lost his best friend of 20 years. while details of his death are difficult for gary to recall, his early members of vincent are clear. >> how would you describe your relationship growing up with vincent chin? >> quite close. >> were you two a lot alike? >> no. we were not at all alike. i was quiet and shy and he was very outside going. very talkative. he met people and helped me break out of my shell. he got to know people very easily. >> vincent chin was adopted at age six by a chinese couple in detroit. growing up he had a diverse circle of friends and went on to become an engineer and get engaged to his long-time girlfriend. >> he was just trying to live the american dream. he worked hard, took care of his mother, and he was cheated. we all were. >> evens was charmed with second degree murder and pled guilty. his stepson pled no contest to manslaughter. but their sentence sent shock waves through the community. >> the decision was short and to the point. >> this is wrong. this is so wrong. i have to do something about it. tums vs. mozzarella stick when heartburn hits, fight back fast with tums chewy bites. fast heartburn relief in every bite. crunchy outside, chewy inside. ♪ tums, tums, tums, tums ♪ tums chewy bites it's beautiful out here. it sure is. and i earn 5% cash back on travel purchased through chase with chase freedom unlimited. that means that i earn 5% on our rental car, i earn 5% on our cabin. i mean, c'mon! hello cashback! hello, kevin hart! i'm scared. in a good way. i'm lying. let's get inside. earn big time with chase freedom unlimited with no annual fee. how do you cashback? 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( abbot sonic ) ♪i aint worried about this,♪ ♪i aint worried bout that.♪ ♪wanna hear you go ohhhhh.♪ ♪fingers snap.♪ ♪one more time. one more time. two more times.♪ ♪two more times.♪ ♪three more times,♪ ♪never mind i wanna hear you go ohhhhh.♪ ♪i'm your instructor make it♪ ♪sweat sweat sweat♪ ♪ ♪ ♪sweat sweat sweat♪ ♪i'm your instructor make it sweat♪ two men recently beat a 27-year-old chinese american man to death in detroit. >> the news of vincent chin's killers' sentencing spread like wildfire across the city. >> he repeatedly used the bat to hammer and crush chin's skull. plea bargaining reduced the charge from second-degree murder to manslaughter. adams escaped a 15-year prison term. instead they were placed on three years probation and given a $3,000 fine. what the judge called stable working backgrounds. >> had they not they would have been in jail. >> no one was sent to prison for even one day that has so many people outrageous. >> even evans was surprised. >> i expected to go to jail. pleaded guilty to manslaughter on that. i did like anybody else. i weapon to take my licks. i thought sure i would go to jail. >> his killers got off scott free. i felt like all the blood drained out of my body. the message was you can kill an asian american and it wouldn't matter. there was no denying what ronald ebans did to vincent that night. yet no prosecutors were present at the sentencing and vincent's own mother wasn't even notified about the hearing. >> she lost her son in the most horrible, violent way. >> her only child. >> her only child. and it was as though he was killed again. she's two white killers get fined less than what you would pay for a used car. i just was so furious and upset by that. >> i thought that race was a factor. justice isn't blind. >> so you think that if vincent chin were white, the killers might have gotten a harsher sentence? >> oh, absolutely. vincent's life wasn't as much as a white man. >> i just thought this was wrong, this was so wrong, i have to do something about it. >> helen joined forces with lilly chin and other activists. they formed an organization called the american citizens for justice. and began a grass roots movement. >> in the absence of social bleed ya, no internet, no fax machines, we put out flyers. we put out newsletters, communications. the police never even investigated. they never interviewed any of the witnesses at the bar. you know, they never did anything. we said we have to find out the facts of this case. we cannot call it racist unless we actually have some information that this was a racially motivated killing. >> one by one they started talking to witnesses, and soon found a dancer who heard something critical. >> i was close enough to hear mr. ebans say to mr. chin because of you [ bleep ] we're out of work. >> that was never part of the police record or the investigation. and she said i heard it's because of you mother fs that we're out of work was clearly pointing to japan and anybody who looked japanese, and so to our group. >> that was the smoking gun. >> that was the smoking gun. he had race on his mind. >> armed with this new information, they mobilized. it was a rallying cry for equality that united asians of different backgrounds. >> east asian, south asian, waiters and laundry workers, engineers and doctors all coming together to say we are asian american, too. this is right outside of the federal building and it's not fair is what vincent chin said as he laid dying. and it was really something different to see asian americans standing up for civil rights. nobody had ever seen that before. >> the american citizens for justice asked the judge to reconsider can the sentencing but were turned down. >> the decision was short and to the point. the three years probation and $3,000 fine will remain. >> but helen and lilly chin would not give up. >> i will continue to justice for my son. >> their last hope for them to serve proper jail time was to challenge the very definition of civil rights. they set out to prove to the federal government that vip sent was targeted and ultimately murdered because of his race. >> to get federal government to pay attention, we had to talk about whether an immigrant like sin vicinity chin could be protected by federal civil rights law. we had arguments with constitutional law professors, members of the aclu and the national lawyers guild, who said, you know this has nothing to do with race, because vincent chin is not black. civil rights laws only protect black people. and we said no. sin vent chin's civil rights should be protected as well. >> and to their surprise, they weren't the only ones who thought that. >> by a mother who sits here with us who's son brutally killed just because he was. what can we do in the aftermath? those who live, we must redefine america so everybody knows everybody sits in a rainbow somewhere. >> the american citizens for justice had garnered support far beyond asian american community. every religion and walk of life came together. black, white, la tin x, lgbt, jewish, muslim saying we are with you, we stand with you. >> with the high exposure and growing pressure, the department of justice finally caved. >> a federal court is deciding if two men will have to serve a jail term to a killing they had already admitted to. >> it was the first federal civil rights trial involving an asian american in u.s. history. >> if convicted both face life terms in prison. >> just after three weeks, the verdict was announced. >> one of two men has been found guilty of agd and abetting and violating the civil rights of vinh isn't it chin. >> the judge then sentenced stephens to the 25 years in prison. >> but ebans and his attorney quickly appealed. >> so the appeals court ruled that there had been some errors in evidence and there was too much pretrial publicity. so three years later a new trial was granted. we really feel confident that if the full story is told, then the jury will come to the only conclusion possible. >> which is what? >> that he was killed only because he was an asian american. >> but in the end, five years after vincent's death, his killers were ultimately found not guilty. >> all appeals, this is it. ronald ebans is a free man as of tonight. >> and so he never -- >> he nerve served a day of -- >> he never served a day in jail after all of that. it was heartbreaking. it was very clear for asian americans, there were so many hurdles to have to cross. justice had not been done. >> vincent lost his life because of the way he looked. japan was an easy target and he paid the price. sounds familiar, right? today asian americans are being scapegoated for everything from the coronavirus to china's economic rise. >> so we know that attacks on asians have gone up astro no, ma'amcally and we are about to meet an asian senior who got a pretty big shock in the middle of the night. it's true jen. this prebiotic oat formula moisturizes to help prevent dry skin. impressive. aveeno® healthy. it's our nature.™ new daily moisture for face. ♪ darling, i, i can't get enough of your love babe♪ ♪girl, i don't know, i don't know,♪ ♪i don't know why i can't get♪ applebee's. now that's eatin' good in the neighborhood. acelerar. no paro de acelerar. que me va a frenar. ♪ que me va a frenar ♪ ♪ si acele.. ♪ ♪ y si acelero no me paran ♪ ♪ el viento pega en mi cara ♪ ♪ si acelero no me paran ♪ ♪ el viento pega en mi cara ♪ ♪ estoy brillando con mi drip drip ♪ ♪ una luz que no se apaga ♪ ♪ ♪ in business, setbacks change everything. so get comcast business internet and add securityedge. it helps keep your network safe by scanning for threats every 10 minutes. and unlike some cybersecurity options, this helps protect every connected device. yours, your employees' and even your customers'. so you can stay ahead. get started with a great offer and ask how you can add comcast business securityedge. plus for a limited time, ask how to get a $500 prepaid card when you upgrade. call today. ever wonder how san francisco became the greenest big city in america? just ask the employee owners of recology. we built the recycling system from the ground up, helping san francisco become the first city in the country to have a universal recycling and composting program for residents and businesses. but it all starts with you. let's keep making a differene together. this oakland neighborhood seems quiet and off the beaten path. but several months ago at 3:30 a a.m., two cars suddenly burst into flames. they belong to the only asians on the block. >> oakland fire doesn't currently have any evidence to confirm there was foul play. >> one of the car owners doesn't want to be identified but the other, 72-year-old mr. chalng i willing to share his story with me. this is where your car was? >> you can see black -- can see, right, burn. black. see? >> so when you come out of your house and you see this -- >> i think what happened? my car. who do my car? and fire department coming but too late. >> makes you sad? >> yeah. i sad right now. >> so the only cars that burned that night was your car and another asian man's car. >> yes. >> do you think it may have to do with the fact that you are asian? >> i don't know 100%. i don't know who did for the car, we don't know. >> mr. chang was born in cam cambodia. in his late 40s with nothing in his pockets, he came to america to start over from scratch. why did you come to america? >> i come over here because my country hard time, real slow money, can't afford for family. when i come here, we have peace, better for life. >> over the next 20 years he built a life for himself here, working as an airport taxi dispatcher. he thought he'd made the american dream when he bought a brand-new car for the first time. but now he and his loved ones are absolutely terrified. >> i stay home. you don't feel our freedom like before. >> so you're staying inside a lot more because of the -- >> yeah. >> -- fear? >> we stay inside. >> i see the camera up there now. >> put my light out now to protect. nighttime is when it's scary. >> i'm so sorry this happened, mr. chang. >> thank you. yes, so -- >> but the targeting of asians started long before the 1982 murder of vincent chip. this pattern has actually been going on against asians for nearly two centuries. it all started in the mid 1800s when 25,000 german immigrants journeyed to the u.s. i sit down with historian and author jeff chang to dissect this history. what was a typical profile of the chinese people who were coming? >> most of the people coming to the country were poor, and so the lure of instant wealth in the california mountains was really irresistible. everywhere they go, they're welcomed at first, and they set up china towns. >> while they fwlokd to california, americans were rushing to unite the west with the rest of the country. they needed manpower. they found it in cheap chinese labor. >> chinese are brought in tens of thousands to work on the central pacific railroad. along with other asian americans, south az yaps and japanese americans, they are really the unsung work force that builds the west. but then sentiment turns pretty quickly. >> americans feared for their jobs. >> this idea that they're coming here to take over, they're taking the best gold mines, they're taking the best jobs, they're working in the factors, they're displacing us in the mills. if we continue to allow these invasions of these immigrants, the entire country will be overrun. >> in 1882, the u.s. government responded to those fears with racist legislation. the chinese exclusion act. and for the first time in american history, the doors closed on a population because of where they were from. chinese immigrants who were already in the u.s. became the target of vicious attacks. >> people show up on the chinese settlement en masse with pitch forks and guns. they forced people out into the dead of night. and literally thousands of folks are massacred because of this violence. >> why don't we ever hear about this in american history books? >> it's not something that is part of this great mythology of the frontier. >> and a great nation -- >> it's not something that makes us look good. but we created this powerful prosperous country on the backs of a lot of people. >> the chinese exclusion act was repealed 60 years later, but only after another group of asians landed in the cross hairs. >> december 7th, 1941 -- >> after the bombing of pearl harbor, the u.s. determined that any japanese person could be dangerous. >> evacuations. >> 120,000 japanese are forced to concentration camps. places very, very far from the homes these families have made. >> all those people who are forced into camps, they literally lost everything. >> they had to start again, and the trauma of that echoes down the generations, because asian americans are seen as folks who don't belong here. >> when you think about the wars fought by the u.s., the faces of the enemy were often asian after japan, it was korea, then vietnam. many have always believed asians to be perpetual foreigners in america, and it's never stopped. >> attacks against asian americans appear to be on the rise. >> in 2020 hate crimes against asian americans surged to an all-time high. >> thousands of incidents from verbal attacks to physical assaults have been reported. >> but some concerned citizens are reacting. >> you guys going to be -- >> and are risking their own safety to stop the violence. 2-on-2s... and 1-on-1s. we see how these moments make us smile so, we make it easy to share your smile with safe and convenient care — all in one place, with evening and weekend hours. right now, new patients get a complete exam and x-rays — free without insurance. plus, everyone saves 20% on their treatment plan. celebrate life's happiest moments. call 1-800-aspendental or book online today. lisa here, has had many jobs. and all that experience has led her to a job that feels like home. with home instead, you too can become a caregiver to older adults. apply today. ♪ hi mr. charles. we made you dinner. aww, thank you. ♪ (man) so when in doubt, just say, "let me talk to my manager." next, carvana's 100% online shopping experience. oh, man. carvana lets people buy a car-- get this-- from their couch. oh, how disruptive. no salesman there to help me pick out the car i need. how does anyone find a car on this site without someone like us checking in? 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[ speaking foreign language ] >> carson is a local volunteer who shows up even though he could be a target. translator: my parents don't want me here. >> why would you go out there. the whole point of us being here is to make it less dangerous. >> go down this way? >> can i interest you in compassion ait oakland? >> this was one of the first volunteers to step up. >> we offer services if you don't feel safe in your current location. i grew up around this area and seeing all the attacks in the news it was breaking my heart. >> when you first started volunteering, can you give me a sense of how people were feeling? >> the fear was pretty palpable, like when i was walking down the street, everyone noticed. people across the street sometimes if they see me walking, i've had people be afraid when i'm handing out the card. they'll like flinch. >> with black and asian communities living side by side in oakland, there's been a long history of solidarity but also tension between them. >> a deeper issue that goes back and forth between the asian and black communities. it's like both sides have kind of contributed. >> the asian community feels very vulnerable right now, so help from nonasian volunteers is not always welcomed. >> it's hurtful, because we're here to help them but i try not to take it super personally, because a lot of it is coming from a place of fear. [ speaking foreign language ] >> elders here keep their heads down but this couple feel safe enough to stop and show their feelings of gratitude. >> ok? >> ok. >> be careful. [ speaking foreign language ] >> they acknowledge that there is tension between the two communities and they can recognize when a younger person is willing to put themselves on the front lines to try and fix that. >> and you're changing perception. >> exactly. >> five hours south of the bustling oakland chinatown, another group is investing in a rough desert community. this time it's not individual efforts but the master plan of a global chinese company. how did panera come up with the idea to combine their famous mac and cheese with their iconic grilled cheese? by saying yes. yes to new inventions! yes to clean and fresh ingredients! and yes to living life to the flavor-fullest. panera. live your yes. now $1 delivery. . the american auto industry and its army have targeted japan as a major source of its problems. >> in the '80s fear of japan's economic dom naps caused the death of an innocent man. >> a chinese man beaten to death by workers angered over japanese car imports. >> back then china wasn't a perceived threat. today, it's a different story. >> china is now the most pressing national security threat. >> they intend to be the world's super power. >> the u.s. has long relied on imports from china and cheap labor from their work force. but the tables are turning. >> the longer term almost existential challenge is going to be china. >> we're in competition with china and others to win the 21st century. >> but what if, instead of fearing each other, competing nations tried collaboration? on the edge of the mohave desert is than caster, california. in 2013, the unemployment rate here was 12%. and a chinese company called byd, short for build your dreams, bought an old motor home factor and revitalized it. today it's the largest electric bus factory in network. >> hello. >> ceo stella lee a 22-year-old veteran of the company heads up the plant. >> we have five to six people. california is the pioneer state in the world to push greenish active and cost is low. everybody from production line, they can afford a house. lancaster is the place. they can achieve this dream. >> they brought in chinese management. most of the team is now made up of locals and after agreeing to work with the unions, byd began training anyone that needs it. today they employ over 500 people and that work force is extremely diverse. >> we have lot of latino here, lot of latin american. we have a lot of single mom, single dad, and then second chance employee. >> people who were formerlyyou here is the job for you. >> 36-year-old danny doesn't look like your typical department lead. >> grew up on the streets, pretty rough lifestyle. from juvenile hall to county jail and prison. >> what's the longest you spent in prison. >> at one time, probably four years. >> prison had a revolving door and danny would ber li enter again and again. >> get out for a month and two weeks and then right back. >> danny has three kids he never saw. he realized if he wanted to have a life with them he needed stability. but his past made finding a job nearly impossible. then a friend told danny about byd, and to his surprise they hired him on the spot. >> yeah, started as a technician, and went straight to the top as a manager with no experience. they basically trained me for everything i do. they trained me. >> release, see. >> all right. >> one fortunate chinese engineers has become a role model for danny and a friend. >> all right. >> he is always 100% there. >> thank you, sir. have a good day. >> since we started hearing about all the attacks on asian people, do you worry about your chinese colleagues. >> i worry about them outside of work. because you never know who you're going to cross paths with. >> tell me about what it's like to operate a chinese business in the united states during a time when tensions exist between our two governments. >> it's a challenge, because i think u.s. china are competitors, were never enemy. two country fight for some political reason. but it should not impact businesses. >> now, chinese companies like byd are under the microscope. >> the committee will now come to order. >> last year in the name of national defense, congress prohibited who can purchase from chinese companies like byd and how. >> these companies have the unfair advantage of the financial support of the chinese government. >> they're also capable ever spying on passengers and our infrastructure network. >> byd is not a state-owned. we're not government agent. we're private owned, public traded company. we are pure transparent company. no different like a ford, apple, amazon. >> despite byd's attempts to prove to lawmakers they're here to do good, the ban on bus sales will go into effect later this year. is it possible you might have to close down operations because of what's going on politically? >> that's my biggest concern. >> i want to see byd succeed because they have created so many opportunities for people, just like myself, to completely change their life. and not only that but we're building electric buses that are impacting the world for the positive. that's good, right. >> vincent chin's death was caused by fear of asians stealing jobs. now an asian company is providing work for unemployed americans. >> hi. >> for me this inclusive byd model seems like the perfect antidote to generations of racism and hate. but we still have a long way to go. >> the things said to you are just vile. shut up you blank. every asian stay far away. hope your kids suffocated to death from the wuhan virus. >> hard to read, hurtful to read. ♪ ♪ your new pharmacy is here. and here. and here, too. it's here to help you save time and money and trips to the pharmacy. it's here to get you the medication you need when you need it. who knew it could be this easy? your new pharmacy is amazon pharmacy. regina approaches the all-electric cadillac lyriq. it's a sunny day. nah, a stormy day. classical music plays. um uh, brass band, new orleans. ♪ ♪ she drives hands free... along the coast. make it palm springs. ♪ cadillac is going electric. if you want to be bold, you have to go off-script. experience the all-electric cadillac lyriq. ♪ i see trees of green ♪ ♪ red roses too ♪ ♪ i see them bloom ♪ ♪ for me and you ♪ ♪ and i think to myself ♪ ♪ what a wonderful world ♪ a rich life is about more than just money. that's why at vanguard, you're more than just an investor, you're an owner so you can build a future for those you love. vanguard. become an owner. this may look like a regular movie night. but if you're a kid with diabetes, it's more. it's the simple act of enjoying time with friends, knowing you understand your glucose levels. ♪ so since this episode was filmed, attacks on asians in america have continued, particularly attacks on our elderly. and it's been devastating. it really has. but out of this crisis something incredibly powerful is happening. >> it's wrong to target a fellow asian, brothers and sisters. >> it's unamerican and it must stop. >> asian-americans have the right to be recognized as american. not as the other. not as them. but as us. >> asians of all different backgrounds are refusing to stay silent. >> we can't stop. we can't stop speaking out. can't stop fighting. >> this has to stop. and we really need to express that loudly, and we are. >> it's a movement that has been growing since the death of vincent chin and the injustice that happened in his case. and we are writing a new chapter of asian-american history. >> our pain has been invisible and the attacks on our community have been invisible. >> and it's a chapter in which we refuse to remain invisible. we refuse to be labelled as a foreigner, because we belong. >> when we are erased from history books we are made invisible. and the result is that we are perpetuately made to feel like foreign esper in our own country. include our stories, because they matter. >> learning about this history has been powerful. it's been inspiring. it's been invigorating. >> should vincent chin's story be in american history books? >> absolutely. vincent chin's story is an all-american story. >> people came together fighting for justice, and in the all-american justice system. some things worked. some things didn't. and how that all comes together is a lesson that all americans can learn from. >> one night early in december, 1941 japanese people were forced to leave their homes and schools and jobs. >> one thing is for certain, now more than ever, we need to talk about hard things. >> they were forced to live in barracks surrounded by guarded fences. >> do you believe that, all the people because they were japanese they had to leave their homes? what does that look like to you?