nick has been busy because he has been joining nick has been busy because he has beenjoining his colleague nick has been busy because he has been joining his colleague for our christmas edition of the programme weather world, reporting on how climate change is affecting the scottish ski industry and looking back at 2021's biggest storms. this time on weather world i i'm i'm in scotland, the country that hosted the 2021 cop climate summit. the cairngorm see area faces its own challenges as our world warms. i will be talking to the people whose livelihoods depend on winter snow here, everyone if sometimes they have to make it themselves. the factory produces four tonnes an hour. i the factory produces four tonnes an hour. . ., ., “ the factory produces four tonnes an hour. . ., ., ~ ., , hour. i am in london where like many ma'or hour. i am in london where like many major cities — hour. i am in london where like many major cities round _ hour. i am in london where like many major cities round the _ hour. i am in london where like many major cities round the world - hour. i am in london where like many major cities round the world mass - major cities round the world mass transport systems are facing up to the threat of flash flooding and i will be asking what can be done to keep travellers safe. also, sudden and savage, disaster in the usa, hit by one of its largest tornado outbreaks in its history. how one canadian province found itself at the epicentre of 2021's climate change fuelled extremes. it is the effects of extreme _ change fuelled extremes. it is the effects of extreme events - change fuelled extremes. it is the effects of extreme events that - change fuelled extremes. it is the | effects of extreme events that can be devastating and lead to loss of life, loss of livelihoods, this is why we are concerned about climate change. why we are concerned about climate chance. �* ., change. and melting in the tropics, the ice that — change. and melting in the tropics, the ice that is _ change. and melting in the tropics, the ice that is disappearing - change. and melting in the tropics, the ice that is disappearing from i the ice that is disappearing from some of africa's highest mountains. i have come to cairngorm mountain in the heart of the scottish highlands, the heart of the scottish highlands, the ski resort has been growing since the 60s and while the weather can vary from one season to the next, a recent report on the effective climate change here predicts fewer snow covered days and a a chance of more days above the threshold needed for snow to fall. you are the land manager here, gym jim, you have been doing it for 25 year, what are the changes you have noticed in terms of weather systems and snow conditions? i noticed in terms of weather systems and snow conditions?— and snow conditions? i think the baseline, temperature, - and snow conditions? i think the baseline, temperature, has- and snow conditions? i think the - baseline, temperature, has changed, less than one degree but maximum minimum temperature we are seeing a change. we get more extremes, so we might get warmer summers and bigger snow falls as well, so any given year, there could be big anomalies as it goes through, so, it is adapting to these storm cycles that seem to be getting stronger these days. seem to be getting stronger these da s. �* ., , , ., , days. and the irony is last winter ou had days. and the irony is last winter you had huge _ days. and the irony is last winter you had huge amounts— days. and the irony is last winter you had huge amounts of- days. and the irony is last winter you had huge amounts of snow. days. and the irony is last winter l you had huge amounts of snow but days. and the irony is last winter - you had huge amounts of snow but of course due to lockdown nobody could use it. ., , course due to lockdown nobody could use it. . , ., ., use it. that is right. phenomenal amounts at _ use it. that is right. phenomenal amounts at this _ use it. that is right. phenomenal amounts at this level, _ use it. that is right. phenomenal amounts at this level, what - use it. that is right. phenomenal amounts at this level, what was l amounts at this level, what was different about last year it was stable. we had cold weather with long periods with no wind at all, which is ideal conditions for skiing, every year is different but it shows that any year you can get a stand out season and then, the next year might be more variable. it is not 'ust year might be more variable. it is not just how _ year might be more variable. it is notjust how much _ year might be more variable. it is not just how much snow fall, but do notjust how much snow fall, but do you see too much in a short space of time. it you see too much in a short space of time. , . , you see too much in a short space of time. , .,, , you see too much in a short space of time. , , ., time. it is ab capturing the snow and usin: time. it is ab capturing the snow and using it _ time. it is ab capturing the snow and using it through _ time. it is ab capturing the snow and using it through snow - time. it is ab capturing the snow. and using it through snow farming time. it is ab capturing the snow- and using it through snow farming so we do a lot of work of push being it out and trying to maximise how we use the snow, creating that base layer that sets you up for a good season. ., ., ., ., ., ~ ., layer that sets you up for a good season. ., ., ., ., .,~ ., ., season. you have had to make a lot of adaptions — season. you have had to make a lot of adaptions so _ season. you have had to make a lot of adaptions so what _ season. you have had to make a lot of adaptions so what are _ season. you have had to make a lot of adaptions so what are some - season. you have had to make a lot of adaptions so what are some of i season. you have had to make a lot. of adaptions so what are some of the major changes you have made? technology is really having a positive effect, snow making is a, becoming a bigger part of it. you know, we can make snow in minus two temperatures so if that guarantees local ski schools a busy time coming up, then with combined with natural snow and temperatures, we can get snow and temperatures, we can get snow going and snow farming and build a base and the base is key to trying to maintain the snow throughout the season. is trying to maintain the snow throughout the season. is thank you jim for exoiaining — throughout the season. is thank you jim for explaining how— throughout the season. is thank you jim for explaining how snow - jim for explaining how snow production and your adaptations are so vital to the industry here, so i am going to head and find out more about how you make snow at the top of a mountain. so i ofa mountain. so i am of a mountain. so i am here at the snow factory now, where the man—made snow is produced, and mikey you are head of engineering here, so you are very much in charge of running the machine and producing the snow, talk me through how does it work? it is an ammonia _ me through how does it work? it 3 an ammonia plant, similarto me through how does it work? it 3 an ammonia plant, similar to some fridges and freezer, this cools an ice maker, the ice maker has water sprayed in a thin liar which is peeled off and falls to a lower part where it is blown out. let peeled off and falls to a lower part where it is blown out.— where it is blown out. let us look at it on the _ where it is blown out. let us look at it on the slopes. _ where it is blown out. let us look at it on the slopes. so _ where it is blown out. let us look at it on the slopes. so this - where it is blown out. let us look at it on the slopes. so this is - where it is blown out. let us look at it on the slopes. so this is the | at it on the slopes. so this is the result then, these huge mounds o snow. how much is made? they will been going a fonte or month or so. about 3,000 tonnes.— been going a fonte or month or so. about 3,000 tonnes. once they are in bi ile, about 3,000 tonnes. once they are in big pile. what — about 3,000 tonnes. once they are in big pile. what you _ about 3,000 tonnes. once they are in big pile, what you to _ about 3,000 tonnes. once they are in big pile, what you to do _ about 3,000 tonnes. once they are in big pile, what you to do with - about 3,000 tonnes. once they are in big pile, what you to do with it? - about 3,000 tonnes. once they are in big pile, what you to do with it? it - big pile, what you to do with it? it is a big mountain to cover. we sread is a big mountain to cover. we spread it _ is a big mountain to cover. we spread it out _ is a big mountain to cover. - spread it out using machines which push the snow round. when it is mixed up it is easier to push. imilli mixed up it is easier to push. will ou be mixed up it is easier to push. will you be making snow throughout the season or will you turn it off? we make it to _ season or will you turn it off? - make it to the opening day, from then we proceed to january and it depends on the scottish climate. when you feel some of this snow, it looks exactly like natural snow, how does it feel to ski on?— does it feel to ski on? when it comes out _ does it feel to ski on? when it comes out of _ does it feel to ski on? when it comes out of of— does it feel to ski on? when it comes out of of the _ does it feel to ski on? when it comes out of of the factory . does it feel to ski on? when it comes out of of the factory itl does it feel to ski on? when it | comes out of of the factory it is does it feel to ski on? when it - comes out of of the factory it is an ice flake which don't have a lot of cohesion, by the time we get to ski on it it is mixed with other snow and hopefully natural stuff which makes it bind. 50 and hopefully natural stuff which makes it bind.— and hopefully natural stuff which makes it bind. ., ., makes it bind. so what do you hope about the future _ makes it bind. so what do you hope about the future proofing _ makes it bind. so what do you hope about the future proofing of - makes it bind. so what do you hope about the future proofing of the - about the future proofing of the industry, where you are able to make snow at higher temperatures like this? ,, ., .,~ , ~ , snow at higher temperatures like this? ,, ., .,~ , ,, , ., this? snow making is key to the future of snow _ this? snow making is key to the future of snow sports, - this? snow making is key to the future of snow sports, with - this? snow making is key to the future of snow sports, with a i future of snow sports, with a variable climate, it provides a good run to the base station.— run to the base station. thank you for showing _ run to the base station. thank you for showing us _ run to the base station. thank you for showing us your _ run to the base station. thank you for showing us your operations - run to the base station. thank you i for showing us your operations here. have you ever wondered how easy it is to measure the depth of snow in it is not simple. i will like that the later in the programme. to the part of the world where weather extremes reached a new level in 2021. british columbia in western canada. in november, record rain as a river of moisture from the pacific brought flash flood fog the same areas that only a few months earlier were in the grip of a heatwave. the fires that followed that heat wave had catastrophic consequences for the town that set a new canada temperature record of 49.degrees, speaking at the cop26 climate conference in november, canadian prime ministerjustin trudeau said this should be an example to the world. in this should be an example to the world. . . . this should be an example to the world. ., ., ., ., , ., ., world. in canada, there was a town called litten- _ world. in canada, there was a town called litten. i— world. in canada, there was a town called litten. i say— world. in canada, there was a town called litten. i say was _ world. in canada, there was a town called litten. i say was because - world. in canada, there was a town called litten. i say was because on | called litten. i say was because on june 30th, it burned to the ground. canada is warming on average, twice as quickly as the rest of the world. and in our north, it is three times quicker. the science is clear. we must do more and faster.- quicker. the science is clear. we must do more and faster. there is an element of — must do more and faster. there is an element of british _ must do more and faster. there is an element of british columbia - must do more and faster. there is an element of british columbia got - element of british columbia got unlucky— element of british columbia got unlucky with the number of extreme events_ unlucky with the number of extreme events that — unlucky with the number of extreme events that happened, but for me, these _ events that happened, but for me, these extremes are exactly what climate — these extremes are exactly what climate scientists have been warning us about, _ climate scientists have been warning us about, that exactly as you said, hot extremes are going to become hotter— hot extremes are going to become hotter and — hot extremes are going to become hotter and wet extremes will be become — hotter and wet extremes will be become wetter, this is what climate change _ become wetter, this is what climate change looks like, so, yeah, i think this is— change looks like, so, yeah, i think this is an _ change looks like, so, yeah, i think this is an important message to the world, _ this is an important message to the world, this — this is an important message to the world, this is why climate change is important. — world, this is why climate change is important, it is not because each, the average — important, it is not because each, the average day becomes a bit warmer, — the average day becomes a bit warmer, that is not so much of a problem. — warmer, that is not so much of a problem. it— warmer, that is not so much of a problem, it is the effects of extreme _ problem, it is the effects of extreme events that be lead to loss of life. _ extreme events that be lead to loss of life. 0 _ extreme events that be lead to loss of life, 0 livelihoods this is why we are — of life, 0 livelihoods this is why we are concerned about climate change — we are concerned about climate chance. . , we are concerned about climate chance. .,, we are concerned about climate chance. change. flash flooding reached creater change. flash flooding reached greater heights _ change. flash flooding reached greater heights in _ change. flash flooding reached greater heights in 2021. - change. flash flooding reached greater heights in 2021. in - change. flash flooding reached i greater heights in 2021. in europe injuly more than 200 people were killed, the greatest number here in germany, where entire villages were wiped out after a stalled weather system produced phenomenal amounts of rain. and also injuly, frightening scenes from china, where the floods that followed a year's worth of rain injust the floods that followed a year's worth of rain in just three days trapped people in an underground metro system and on flooded trains. thankfully on far less extreme scale the transport network here in london was hit with flash flooding in summer, and with climate scientists warning of more frequent bouts of intense rainfall in a momentarily be asking transport for london what they are doing to keep travellers safe. waters can kates into london's covent garden underground system, one of a number of flood related incidents last summer. it's a problem that transport for london says has the potential to be catastrophic, it is a problem compounded by increasing population, building, and an ageing drainage system. state building, and an ageing drainage s stem. ~ . , building, and an ageing drainage s stem. ~ ., , ., system. we are putting down concrete. _ system. we are putting down concrete, tarmac, _ system. we are putting down concrete, tarmac, all- system. we are putting down concrete, tarmac, all those l system. we are putting down i concrete, tarmac, all those new house, all the roof, that surface water is going to increase, anything between eight and 18 percent persmall development and you have to think about where it is going to go. the drains are well over capacity and just can't deal with it. joins and 'ust can't deal with it. joins me and just can't deal with it. joins me now is _ and just can't deal with it. joins me now is lily _ and just can't deal with it. joins me now is lily from _ and just can't deal with it. joins me now is lily from tf. - and just can't deal with it. joins me now is lily from tf. will. i and just can't deal with it. joins me now is lily from tf. will. how concerned is tfl about the forecast of more frequent extreme rainfall in a warming world? tote of more frequent extreme rainfall in a warming world?— of more frequent extreme rainfall in a warming world? we are very aware that london's — a warming world? we are very aware that london's climate _ a warming world? we are very aware that london's climate is _ a warming world? we are very aware that london's climate is changing, i that london's climate is changing, we are seeing warmer weather winter, drier hotter summer, this puts stress on the transport network and is something we are planning for now and taking account of so we are ready as the climate becomes more extreme in future.— extreme in future. there was some si . nificant extreme in future. there was some significant flash _ extreme in future. there was some significant flash flooding _ extreme in future. there was some significant flash flooding in - extreme in future. there was some significant flash flooding in the - significant flash flooding in the summer and we saw horrific scenes in china, how much has this been an alarm call for tfl? tote china, how much has this been an alarm call for tfl?— china, how much has this been an alarm call for tfl? we looked with serious concern _ alarm call for tfl? we looked with serious concern at _ alarm call for tfl? we looked with serious concern at what _ alarm call for tfl? we looked with j serious concern at what happened, closer to home in germany where we saw extreme flooding, that is a wake up saw extreme flooding, that is a wake up call. we know we can have extreme rain, of the kind we had in germany, here in london now, and we do need to really make sure that our asset, our transport system but all of london's infrastructure is ready to cope. in london's infrastructure is ready to co e. , ., london's infrastructure is ready to coe. , ., ., , . cope. in terms of infrastructure everything _ cope. in terms of infrastructure everything is — cope. in terms of infrastructure everything is so _ cope. in terms of infrastructure everything is so built _ cope. in terms of infrastructure everything is so built up, - cope. in terms of infrastructure everything is so built up, both | everything is so built up, both above and underground, close to the tfl system you must be limited to what you can do— what you can do there are real constraints _ what you can do there are real constraints in _ what you can do there are real constraints in lent _ what you can do there are real constraints in lent london. - what you can do there are real constraints in lent london. so| what you can do there are real- constraints in lent london. so much of the city is paved. so we are trying to work against that, by putting in place sustainable drainage, that means that when we introduce new shrub, trees into paving, that helps slow down the rainfall, so there are things we can do. we are also enhancings pumping and drainage imagine so we can get water away, and keep the infrastructure working. thank you for “oininr infrastructure working. thank you forjoining us— infrastructure working. thank you forjoining us on _ infrastructure working. thank you forjoining us on this _ infrastructure working. thank you forjoining us on this edition - infrastructure working. thank you forjoining us on this edition of i forjoining us on this edition of weather world. one of the biggest storms to hit the uk in 2021 came at the end of november. as storm arwen brought damaging winds of up to 98mph. falling trees caused one i widespread disruption this was one narrowly missed a drinker. tens of thousands of trees came down in the worst affected parts of scotland and north east england, and power was lost to more than 200,000 homes. now to some of your pictures showing the snow that followed storm arwen which was unusually heavy and widespread for the time of year, particularly in northern england and the people that lost power and heat. but despite the cold end to the season, overall the uk had its third warmest on record. in a year that northern ireland also recorded its highest temperature on record, back injuly. highest temperature on record, back in jul . ., ., highest temperature on record, back injul. ., ., . ., , highest temperature on record, back injul. ., . .,, , in july. hearing no ob'ections it is so decided. * so decided. still to come on weather world cop fall out. was the applause justified. we hearfrom some fall out. was the applause justified. we hear from some of those in glasgow as world leaders haggled over plans to fight global warming. this time on weather world. i'm in scotland where i have been finding out how the warming world is affecting life at this ski area. but it is notjust the winters that are changing but the summering too. we arele high in the mountains, snow is disappearinger more frequently. patch novas that can survive in the mountains from one wint tore the next are melting away more often. what is historically the uk's longest lasting patch of snow disappeared in 2021 for what is said to be only the eighth time in 3 hundred unyears with the majority of these meltings happening since 2000. ian cameron has been documenting scotland's snow patches for 25 years, i asked scotland's snow patches for 25 years, iasked him scotland's snow patches for 25 years, i asked him why he does it and what he has discovered tells us about the impact of climate change in the highlands. the about the impact of climate change in the highlands.— about the impact of climate change in the highlands. the snow i look at is relic of previous _ in the highlands. the snow i look at is relic of previous winters, - in the highlands. the snow i look at is relic of previous winters, falls, i is relic of previous winters, falls, and they persist on the shaded gullies and cliffs of the scottish highlands well into summer and often beyond. some through the year, so in summer and beyond. some through the year, so in summerand autumn beyond. some through the year, so in summer and autumn you often find me with my boots on, trudging round the highlands of scotland, looking for the last vestiges of the winter snow. the amount of times that snow vanishing is increasing, the patch of snow, britain's most dewarable has disappeared really quite a lot in the last couple of decades, so disappeared in 1933 for the first time in known history, then in 1959, again in 1996, 2003, 2006, 2017, 2018 and finally this year, 2021, so you can see the direction of travel, the snows are disappearing earlier and they are disappearing more often. it seems inconceivable that climate change hasn't had a significant impact on this. whether it be the wholly attributable i don't know. however it seems logical to describe the increasing disappearance at least significant part to climate change. i think that is a safe assumption. littered part to climate change. i think that is a safe assumption.— is a safe assumption. now more of 2021's extreme _ is a safe assumption. now more of 2021's extreme weather, _ is a safe assumption. now more of 2021's extreme weather, starting l 2021's extreme weather, starting with disaster in the usa, hit by its deadliest december tornado outbreak on record. the worth hit state was kentucky with the devastation is hard to comprehend. one is thought to have stayed on the ground for more than 200 miles, crossing multiple states. meteorologists say climate change could altering traditional patterns in the usa. it is certainly true that climate change is making it more likely to have intense tornadoes outside of the usual season, we think of. of. march through the usual season, we think of. of. march throuthune period where you get most of the violent tornadoes because it is warmer longer and you can have favourable conditions at different times of the year. august and day became one of the strongest hurricanes on record making landfall in louisiana with 150mph winds. the 2021 atlantic hurricane season was the third most active with 21 named storms. these scenes of record cold winter weather in february may have made world news but 2021 overall is ranked in the top ten warmest years for the usa after a summer which was the hottest on record. during it california suffered is one of the worst fire seasons, the biggest almost completely destroyed the town of greenville in august. summer hit in europe, in sicily the temperature hit over 48 degree, if verified a new high for europe which came during its hottest summer. the indian state of kerala in october as a house is swept away in a flood. overall the 2021 monsoon produced near average fraidge but there are fears that the rains during the season are becoming increasingly intense. flooding in australia during its wettest november in records going back to 1900. underthe november in records going back to 1900. under the influence of a weather pattern forecasts point to a second consecutive wet summer for the country. but in the horn of africa, consecutive poor rainfall seasons have left 26 million people struggling for food, with drought conditions forecast to persist until at least mid 2022. in november a powerful wind storm hit turkey with a gust of 81mph in istanbul. and we can't forget this, the container ship that blocked the suez canal for nearly a week in march, holding holding up the 12% of global trade, all because it was apparently blown off course by a gust of wind. now, back to africa, and the snow capped mountains on the border between uganda and the democratic republic of congo. their appearance is changing as the ice that marks their summit melts away, all within their summit melts away, all within the lifetime of the people who live in their shadow. we used to wake up in the morning and time that specific hour in the morning where you would be able to see the glass yahr in its shining form, now you canjust see the glass yahr in its shining form, now you can just wake up and sina is one fiscal change, one change that you can see, instead of seeing the snow you see the mountain has gone grey, like that. there is no glassingier any more, you only can go to specific places to be able to view it and at particular times. richard taylor who has co—led expeditions to the mountain say because temperatures show little variability the disappearing glaciers are a clear sign of climate change. ice glaciers are a clear sign of climate chance. . , ., change. ice fields in the trough icks change. ice fields in the trough picks are. _ change. ice fields in the trough picks are, have _ change. ice fields in the trough picks are, have a _ change. ice fields in the trough picks are, have a general- change. ice fields in the trough | picks are, have a general stable change. ice fields in the trough - picks are, have a general stable ice mass in the absence of changing climate, just because of that, if you will call it seasonal stability and the, and so, departures from that such as climate change, you can see very distinct changes or recessions in those, in the ariel extent or terminal position or ideally in the total mass of the glacier itself indicates a change in climate. and so, perhaps the most definitive markers of climate change are the recession of tropical alpine ice fields when are you find in the andies and east africa as well, also in papua new guinea. this andies and east africa as well, also in papua new guinea.— andies and east africa as well, also in papua new guinea. as well as the meltin: in papua new guinea. as well as the melting glaciers _ in papua new guinea. as well as the melting glaciers weather _ in papua new guinea. as well as the melting glaciers weather patterns i melting glaciers weather patterns are changing, in 2020 some of the heaviest rain on record caused struck tiff flooding, but there are longer spells when the rains people rely on to grow crops don't come at all. now the weather has been changing, we no longer receive rainfall, the crops are dying in the gardens. last season i planted two full acres of beans but i did not have this anything because there was no rain and many others are facing the same problem. in november, the eyes of the world were here on scotland, when glasgow hosted cop26 the latest major summit to tackle climate change, amid warnings that time is running out to limit global temperature rise. after two weeks of negotiations world leaders agreed a plan to reduce the use of coal, which is responsible for 40% of annual co2 emissions but only a weaker commitment to phase down rather than phase out colt, after a late intervention by china and india. when it comes to reducing emissions governments will meet again next year to pledge further cuts in a bid to limit global temperature rise to 1.57 degrees. more money will go to help poorer countries cope with the effect of climate change and make the switch to cleaner energy. while some describe the glasgow agreement as breakthrough. others felt it didn't go far enough. we asked some delegates what they thought? idailyen go far enough. we asked some delegates what they thought? when i was asked to — delegates what they thought? when i was asked to deliver— delegates what they thought? when i was asked to deliver a _ delegates what they thought? when i was asked to deliver a speech - delegates what they thought? when i was asked to deliver a speech there l was asked to deliver a speech there was asked to deliver a speech there was so much going on in my mind. sub—saharan africans are responsible forjust half a percent of historical emissions. the children are responsible for none. they are waiting for you to act. please open your hearts. and then act. when it comes to the outcome of the cop, on the one hand i was grieving. grieving because the outcome does not address the impacts of the climate crisis being experienced now, grieving because people in countries like mine are still facing loss and damage caused by the climate change, but i think there was so much energy out of the cop with the young people and i think to me this is what marc dutroux leadership looks like. cops are always about the game of one up man ship, that is the saddest thing, it is all about how you can make sure that you go out as the good boy, and that somebody else is made to, you know, be scolded as the errant country, and i do believe that india walked into the trap by reading out the statement at the very end. reading out the statement at the ve end. ., .., reading out the statement at the ve end. ., ., ,. , very end. how can anyone expect they can make promises _ very end. how can anyone expect they can make promises about _ very end. how can anyone expect they can make promises about coal - very end. how can anyone expect they can make promises about coal and - can make promises about coal and fossil— can make promises about coal and fossil fuels — can make promises about coal and fossilfuels. | can make promises about coal and fossil fuels-— fossil fuels. i do understand why a country like _ fossil fuels. i do understand why a country like india _ fossil fuels. i do understand why a country like india is _ fossil fuels. i do understand why a country like india is so _ country like india is so dismistrustful of the global system, that it finds it has to argument for its right to development, because there is no finance coming, there is no technology, there is no support, instead global community lectures. our time here on cairngorm is almost up our time here on cairngorm is almost up but before we go the team have lent me some skis so i can feel how good the snow is. you are senior countryside ranger here, how do you get an accurate reading of snow depth? get an accurate reading of snow de th? ., get an accurate reading of snow deth? ., ,, depth? down at the car park level we have a screen. _ depth? down at the car park level we have a screen, we _ depth? down at the car park level we have a screen, we have _ depth? down at the car park level we have a screen, we have been - depth? down at the car park level we | have a screen, we have been recorded weather data since pre—1980, so we have scales sticks to record the snow, but historically, the people on the hill know how deep it is, sometimes you can come it and the hill is covering in snow and a night of wind and it has been swept clean. it changes. 50 of wind and it has been swept clean. it chances. , , , ., it changes. so there is plenty of show, it changes. so there is plenty of show. this _ it changes. so there is plenty of show. this is — it changes. so there is plenty of show, this is promising - it changes. so there is plenty of show, this is promising for - it changes. so there is plenty of show, this is promising for the l show, this is promising for the start of the season? it is promising- _ start of the season? it is promising. it _ start of the season? it is promising. it is - start of the season? it is l promising. it is promising. start of the season? it 3 promising. it is promising. the ground is starting to cool which makes a big difference for the snow to last. in we get hard frosts, the the snow we do have should last longer. the snow we do have should last loner. , , , ., , ., longer. there is plenty of snow round today. — longer. there is plenty of snow round today, fingers _ longer. there is plenty of snow round today, fingers crossed i longer. there is plenty of snow| round today, fingers crossed for more of this for the rest of the season. ok, i haven't been on a pair of skis for a few years but i hope it is is like riding a bike. let's see. off i go. womb! it is encouraging to see so much snow here so early in the season, long may it last. that is it, from the cairngorm ski area. and from me in london and whatever the weather, we will be back with more weather world, in the year ahead. so see you then. goodbye. hello, and merry christmas from everybody here at bbc weather. we know of course what adds a little extra meteorological magic to christmas is some snow. that is lacking from much of the uk today. for many, it is just a continuation of the rather grey and damp weather we've seen of late. but we have seen snow, and it is officially a white christmas — in shetland, parts of central and eastern scotland, into the higher parts of the pennines and yorkshire dales as well. there may still be one or two flurries out there on through this afternoon. away from some sunny spells in northern most parts of scotland, it's a mostly cloudy christmas day, and there's some quite heavy rain through parts of south—west, southern england into wales, and northern ireland turning particularly wet in armagh and down for the rest of the day. it's a strengthening east or south—easterly wind adding an extra bite to proceedings today, pardon the christmas food pun, because this is what it might say on the thermometer, but when you factor in the strength of than wind, and particularly through northern and eastern parts of the uk, look at the difference it makes. it will feel like it is at or even below freezing, whereas it is still mild in the south—west. now this rain not moving very much during daylight hours, it does march further north and east tonight into boxing day across more of wales, england, still there in northern ireland, and as it runs into cold air across northern england first, then southern and central scotland, see that rain turning to snow, particularly into the hills. this is where we're going to be seeing a frost as we start boxing day. there could be some difficult conditions on the higher routes across northern england, southern and central scotland for a time on boxing day, with the snow falling and the wind blowing it about as well. could see some snow to relatively low levels out of this for a time, but as it moves further north through scotland tomorrow, mostly in the hills we will have the snow, still the far north seeing some sunny spells. elsewhere, there will be quite a few heavy showers moving on through northern ireland, wales and england, but brightening up towards the south—west on through the afternoon, and temperatures, well, a little bit higher, but still feeling colder because of the wind. and here is a look at boxing day evening. some clearer spells down to the south and south—west, but you can see elsewhere a lot of cloud, still some showers or outbreaks of rain around. now we have had a battle between the mild and cold air for christmas weekend, beyond that, though, it is very clear it's the mild air that wins, with areas of low pressure coming in, bringing spells of wind and rain, but pushing mild air, even very mild air in places right across the uk. this is bbc news. these are the latest headlines in the uk and around the world. queen elizabeth speaks about her personal grief over the death of her husband, prince philip, in her christmas day message, saying there was "one familiar laugh missing", amid the continuing impact of the coronavirus pandemic. that mischievous inquiring twinkle was as bright at the end as when i first set eyes on him. but life, of course, consists of final partings, as well as first meetings. and as much as i and my family miss him, i know he would want us to enjoy christmas. in his christmas message, pope francis highlighted the tragedies in yemen and syria which he said are being passed over in silence. and lift off.