armisitice day. today we have closed the book on apartheid. south africa's former president f.w. de klerk the last white man to lead the country has died at the age of 85. and the man who spent lockdown sorting out an old box of dinosaur bones and discovered a new species. almost 6 million people are now waiting for routine hospital treatment in england, the highest level since records began. the head of the nhs confederation has warned that unprecedented demand could compromise patient safety, with the ambulance service in particular coming under extreme pressure. 5.83 million in england are now waiting to start treatment in the nhs, the highest number since records began nearly 15 years ago. the ambulance service is under its highest state of alert. latest figures show the average response time for urgent calls, like heart attacks and strokes, is nearly 5a minutes. the target is 18 minutes. last month, more than a million 999 calls were answered in england, a record number. it's a picture being reflected across the rest of uk, too. governments in all four uk nations say they are aware of the challenges and are doing their best to support services. here's our health correspondent sophie hutchinson. across the length and breadth of the uk, ambulances are queueing, unable to hand over the sick and injured patients they have on board, because hospital have no room. and ambulances stuck in queues are not able to attend other emergencies, leaving patients in need, waiting at home. i called an ambulance at 11:50am, and they said they would send help asap. two weeks ago, christina called 999 when she found her grandma, margaret, slumped in a chair, having a stroke. but after waiting three and a half hours, she called again to ask when the ambulance would arrive. they explained to me that she was already down for a blue light ambulance from the first call and they had nothing available at that time, they could not give me a time when they were able to get to me and then they arrived at 5:30am. her grandma then queued for three hours outside hospital, taking her wait for care to around nine hours, which meant she was out of time to receive medication to reverse the damage done by the stroke. and older people are facing devastating delays in north west england, according to this paramedic who asked to remain anonymous. i've been out to people who has been on the floor for an excess of 20 hours, and we have just not had the resource to go to them. that is not because we don't care. it is just because we physically haven't got anybody to go. do you think people are losing their lives because of the delays at the moment? absolutely, we know of stories of people dying in the back of ambulances where we have not been able to off—load at hospitals. we have got experiences of going out to people who, if we had got to them a little bit quicker, we could have started treatment and potentially the outcome could have been different. north west ambulance service has said it is increasing the numbers of available ambulances and taking on additional staff in its 999 call centres. all 1a ambulance services in the uk have escalated to the highest level of alert and some have even gone beyond, like south central, which recently declared a critical incident when managers said the service became unsafe. for the last three months, these handlers have answered an additional 21,000 999 calls compared to two years ago. and just before the critical incident was declared here, instead of having an average of 20 patients waiting for an ambulance, they had 120 patients waiting. have you got the pain - in the chest at the moment? south—central has now asked the government for military support. armed forces have helped ambulance services in other parts of england, wales and scotland and have supported hospitals in northern ireland. and hospitals are also under immense pressure in other parts of the uk, with record waits for nonurgent treatment. things are already very, very difficult for the health service. it is compromising patient safety. it is compromising quality of service. we put extra funding and, £54 billion, for this winter period, just to basically help with the processes, help to get extra staff in, and you know, also help with more ambulance staff but of course, it is difficult to do that short notice. governments in all parts of the uk say they are aware of the challenges and are doing their best to support ambulance services, but with winter coming, the pressure is likely only to get worse. sophie hutchinson, bbc news. well, we can speak now to chris hopson, who's the chief executive of nhs providers, which represents all of england's hospitals. a range of services all of which i guess are being affected by this problem. guess are being affected by this roblem. , , . , problem. yes, the service is under hue problem. yes, the service is under huge pressure- _ problem. yes, the service is under huge pressure. what _ problem. yes, the service is under huge pressure. what you - problem. yes, the service is under huge pressure. what you do - problem. yes, the service is under huge pressure. what you do to - problem. yes, the service is under huge pressure. what you do to get a very clear impression from sophia's package is the fact that nhs staff are working absolutely as hard as they can to provide the right quality of care to everybody who needsit quality of care to everybody who needs it as quickly and effectively as possible. but we are run down to eight under an unprecedented degree of pressure at this time of year. and i think what's particularly concerning is this is a fact before we reach the traditional peak winter. which usually runs from mid—november to end of february but to sickly peaks injanuary. yes, there's a very high level of concern. everybody in the nhs knows that it's theirjob to try and cope with these pressures as best they can. i5 with these pressures as best they can. , , with these pressures as best they can, , , ., with these pressures as best they can_, ., with these pressures as best they can. , _, ., with these pressures as best they can. , ., , with these pressures as best they can. is this a case of making up for the decisions _ can. is this a case of making up for the decisions that _ can. is this a case of making up for the decisions that were _ can. is this a case of making up for the decisions that were taken, - the decisions that were taken, financial in particular, for austerity? i financial in particular, for austerity?— financial in particular, for austeri ? ~ . financial in particular, for austeri ? ~' ., ., austerity? i think there are for mac fault lines which _ austerity? i think there are for mac fault lines which should _ austerity? i think there are for mac fault lines which should be - austerity? i think there are for mac fault lines which should be around| fault lines which should be around for the last decade. they been growing over the last decade. 0ne we gone through the longest and deepest financial squeeze in nhs history. second fault line not been able to build nhs capacity to keep up with demand. demand is rising for health care service about 4% each year but we are certainly not grown our inpatient bed base by that number. we've been trying to close the gap between the demand and the capacity by asking our staff to work harder and harder and harder. by asking our staff to work harder and harderand harder. and by asking our staff to work harder and harder and harder. and that's just not sustainable. and the fourth is we've had a social care system that's become under huge, huge amounts of pressure. and then we had covid. effectively it's a combination of all fault lines that have been around for a long time but then along came covid. you have been around for a long time but then along came covid.— then along came covid. you were talkin: then along came covid. you were talking about _ then along came covid. you were talking about a _ then along came covid. you were talking about a 496 _ then along came covid. you were talking about a 496 growth - then along came covid. you were i talking about a 496 growth in terms talking about a 4% growth in terms of demand but only a 1.5% in terms of demand but only a 1.5% in terms of resources. even though austerity is over, that build back up it is obviously still lagging. we are told that extra money has been available but assuming late two assuming we can't close that gap. notjust money but in people. it’s can't close that gap. not 'ust money but in people.— but in people. it's really interesting _ but in people. it's really interesting talking - but in people. it's really interesting talking to i but in people. it's really| interesting talking to our but in people. it's really - interesting talking to our trust chief executives a sage was that evenif chief executives a sage was that even if we were to give them money tomorrow morning actually the real they've got is there are simply not people out there to recruit into the workforce. i was stuck in social get this evening and they were saying that they are under similar if not in some senses even greater pressure. as we know what we are getting at the moment is particularly in terms towards the lower pay but not paid end of our workforce we got retail, hospitality, logistics all operating sign on bonuses, golden hellos, higher wages because we got this pressure in the economy at the moment. what's happening is people say our colleagues in social care but also in health are being tempted away from health and care to go in and work in other sectors just at the point when we simply can't afford to lose them. there are some really important trends here that we really important trends here that we really need to think about how we are going to counter. your basic point you really can't reverse long term structural decade long fault lines at the drop of a hat. along with money are also right to say that actually yes, of course the extra money is welcome and of course we recognise that effectively taxpayers are going to need to be paid ? have to pay more through the house and social care levy. don't forget all that's doing is taking us back to the long annual growth rate in the nhs budget which is been 3.8% since 1948. apart from this decade over the last decade where we had 1.5%. but actually this new amount of moneyjust 1.5%. but actually this new amount of money just takes 1.5%. but actually this new amount of moneyjust takes us back to the 3.8%. it's not like the 6%, 7% that we got four or five years in a row in the early 2000. yes, fantastic to have the extra money but it's not a bonanza. , ., , ,., ., ,, bonanza. chris hobson of nhs providers. _ bonanza. chris hobson of nhs providers, will— bonanza. chris hobson of nhs providers, will be _ bonanza. chris hobson of nhs providers, will be talking - bonanza. chris hobson of nhs| providers, will be talking more about this in the next few weeks and months but for now thank you very much. thank you very much. the government's latest coronavirus figures for the uk show there were almost 42,500 new infections recorded in the latest 24—hour period, which means, on average, there were 34,600 new cases reported per day in the last week. 195 deaths were reported, that's of people who died within 28 days of a positive covid 19 test. on average in the past week, 163 related deaths were reported every day. and more than 11.4 million people have received their boosterjab. and we'll find out how this story and many others are covered in tomorrow's front pages at 10:30pm and 11:30pm this evening in the papers. 0ur guestsjoining me tonight are broadcaster daisy mcandrew and anna mikhailova, deputy politcal editor of the mail on sunday. the chief executive of yorkshire county cricket club, mark arthur, has become the latest seniorfigure to resign in response to the row over racism engulfing the club. earlier, the former yorkshire cricket captain, azeem rafiq, who's made allegations of racism at the club, said he's "incredibly hurt" after the england test captain and yorkshire playerjoe root said he couldn't recall ever witnessing racism at the club. 0ur sports editor dan roan reports. he is trying to prepare to lead his side into the ashes next month, but even here in australia, joe root can't avoid the crisis that has engulfed his county side. a report found his former yorkshire team—mate, azeem rafiq, was a victim of racial harassment and bullying at the club, but addressing the issue for the first time, england's captain today insisted he could not recall any racist behaviour there. not from my... not that i can recall, no, no i can't. but the thing is, what i will say is that it is clear that things have happened at the club and we have to make sure that we eradicate it. you know, that we look to find ways to make sure this never happens again in the sport and beyond that as well, in society. but those comments dismayed azeem rafiq, who half an hour later tweeted, "disappointed is not even the feeling, incredibly hurt, but uncomfortable truths are hard to accept, it seems". having sparked outrage for failing to take disciplinary action against any member of staff, yorkshire has lost sponsors, the right to host international cricket at headingley, and is now embroiled in further investigations after more allegations. joe root admitted the scandal at the club at which he has spent his entire career had fractured the game. it is obviously deeply hurtful and sad that a club that i am so close to and it means so much to be to go and play for yorkshire, it is really important that we recognise what has happened and we make sure that moving forward, we never see this happen again. we have got to find a way of confronting this and stopping it and making sure that absolutely we are, you know, getting rid of racism from society. tonight, another yorkshire board member, chief executive mark arthur, whose resignation azeem rafiq had demanded, became the latest in a host of senior figures at the club to step down as the fallout continued. having risen through the academy ranks here at yorkshire alongside azeem rafiq, the england captain himself has now become the latest high—profile cricketer to be drawn into this controversy and with azeem rafiq due to give evidence at what promises to be an explosive parliamentary committee hearing next week, this crisis is far from over. dan roan, bbc news, headingley. let's stay with today's sport. good evening. england manager gareth southgate has sent his best wishes to steven gerrard as he makes the move south from rangers to aston villa. the former liverpool captain leaves the scottish champions after three years in charge, having guided them to a first league title in ten years last season. he replaces dean smith, who was sacked on sunday after a run of five successive defeats. southgate has been speaking to the media this afternoon and gave his thoughts on the move. stephen has always had fantastic leadership qualities. i was 30 when he came into the england squad, he was a talent but always had great drive. he's had a fabulous start to his managerial career. he leaves one massive football club to join another. and i'm sure it's a challenge that he is looking forward to, it's a great opportunity for him. frank lampard could soon be joining steven gerrard in the premier league. the former chelsea boss is among a number of candidates in talks with norwich about becoming their new manager. the canaries sacked daniel farke last week. australia will face new zealand in sunday's final of the t20 world cup. the aussies came back from the brink to beat pakistan in another dramatic semifinal in dubai. pakistan batted first, and after a shaky start, some big hitting from mohammad rizwan powered them to 176—4 from their 20 overs. and pakistan started well with the ball, too. shadab khan taking four wickets, with australia 96—5 at one stage. but needing 20 off the last ten balls, matthew wade was dropped by hassan ali before hitting the next three deliveries for six to complete a stunning victory. andy murray has been knocked out of the stockholm 0pen, beaten over three sets by the american tommy paul. the 34—year—old, who knocked out top seed jannik sinner yesterday, lost the first set before fighting back to level the match. but paul recovered to take the deciding set to reach the semifinals. earlier, dan evans lost to francis tiafoe. england rugby union head coach eddiejones says he's written to emma raducanu to explain comments he made about her over the weekend. jones was accused of being "uninformed and sexist" after using the us open champion as an example when warning his players about dealing with distractions. he's said his words were not meant as criticism and have been taken out of context. it's just an example of what can happen. i don't know whether she is distracted or not because it's difficult for those young players and it's really difficult. i'm certainly aware of ait with this group of young players coming through that we want to make sure we minimise the distractions. we want them to enjoy what they can get. that's very important. at the same time, they've got to be able to focus 100% on this sport. i don't have any misgivings about what i said. i'm disappointed it was taken out of context and disappointed if emma was upset by it. marcus smith will start at fly—half for england against australia on saturday, with captain 0wen farrell shifting to inside centre. it will be smith's third start in test matches. there's a real surprise with the usual centre manu tuilagi moved to the wing despite only one start in that position in his previous 44 england caps. newcastle's adam radwan drops out of the squad to make way for tuilagi. you can get the full line—up on the bbc sport website. there are four changes to the scotland line—up for their match against south africa at murrayfield on saturday. leicester centre matt scott will make his first international start for four years. winger rufus mclean will make his second scotland start, but flanker hamish watson has been benched following last weekend's victory over australia. that's all the sport for now. we'll have more for you on the bbc news channel later on. thank you for taking us through it. the secretary general has described tackling climate changes worlds most important is the 26 not to make hollow promises. antonio guterres said governments need to pick up the pace and show ambition with the summit due to end tomorrow. from glasgow, here's our science editor david shukman. the endgame of the conference, urgent consultations with governments back home, checking the agreement line by line, assessing every word. the warnings about rising temperatures are clear, but national interests are at stake, so the talks go on. we are not there yet on the most critical issues. there is still a lot more work to be done. and cop26 is scheduled to close at the end of tomorrow. so, time is running out. we still have a monumental challenge ahead of us. there's been a boost from china, the world's biggest polluter, and america — the second biggest — that they will work together, the latest in a flurry of initiatives here, a plan to cut methane, a potent greenhouse gas, though some important countries aren't taking part. a promise to end deforestation by 2030. but we have heard this kind of thing before. and a call to end the use of coal — the dirtiest fossil fuel — but what matters is getting agreements that governments can't wriggle out of. so, in this final stretch, what are the big arguments that still need to be settled? well, the first is how often countries should update their plans for going green. some say that's needed every year. others say that's too often. then there is the fundamental question of cutting the gases that are heating the planet. they are still heading up, when the science couldn't be clearer that they've got to be falling fast. and then aid for the poorest nations. they were promised it more than a decade ago. it still hasn't been delivered. it's a relief that people are recognising that we need to help communities on the front lines of the climate crisis, but it's a frustration that rich governments aren't yet doing what it takes to help them out. even now? even now, they hear the sounds, they are putting fine words on paper, but no real mechanism to address this crisis. and as a reminder of what this is all about, torrential rain struck the indian city of chennai. floods spilling into a hospital. scientists have long warned that even more violent extremes are possible, but acting now could head them off. so some countries want to move away from fossil fuels entirely. the uk and many others say it's not the right time. another example of different perspectives in these last hours. david shukman, bbc news. in terms of what's been happening at cop today, it was all about cities, regions and buildings. buildings account for around 40% of carbon emissions worldwide, and some agreements have been made. we've seen a growing number of businesses signing the world green building council's updated commitment to drive operational emissions to net—zero by 2030, as well as a lot more momentum on embodied carbon. we now have over $1.2 trillion of real estate assets under management committed to halving emissions by 2030. and cities including san francisco, los angeles, mexico city, 0slo and budapest have joined as part of the c40's clean construction declaration to halve the construction emissions of new buildings by 2030. i don't blame you if you couldn't read his name from that distance. he's lead climate champion it is described for buildings and trying to get buildings improved through this process of negotiation. to get buildings improved through this process of negotiation. we can speak now to miles gibson. he's head of climate change research at the property firm cbre. thank you for being with us. how far in advance those talks about progress on building? both in terms i suppose of construction but also the operation of buildings. goad the operation of buildings. good evenina. the operation of buildings. good evening. definitely _ the operation of buildings. (emf. evening. definitely progress. as we heard just the other a number of cities around the world including london who are making faster commitments to achieving net zero then national governments. so that would include london also glasgow. so there is heavenly progress was up it is important to bear in mind that talking about buildings we are talking about buildings we are talking about buildings we are talking about two different sources of carbon. firstly the carbon emissions given out as the building is operated but also the carbon emissions that went into the building in the first place as nigel said in the piece you just played in bodied carbon as we call it. about two thirds of the emissions come from the operation but a third to a quarter are from the embodied carbon. �* , quarter are from the embodied carbon. 3 . ~ quarter are from the embodied carbon. �*, ., ~ ., carbon. let's talk on in bodied carbon, carbon. let's talk on in bodied carbon. just — carbon. let's talk on in bodied carbon. just a _ carbon. let's talk on in bodied carbon, just a small— carbon. let's talk on in bodied carbon, just a small point, - carbon. let's talk on in bodied carbon, just a small point, do| carbon. let's talk on in bodied i carbon, just a small point, do we need to get to a stage where the default position is that we don't demolish buildings in order to replace them? it’s demolish buildings in order to replace them?— demolish buildings in order to replace them? demolish buildings in order to relace them? �*, ., , replace them? it's an extremely live debate at the _ replace them? it's an extremely live debate at the moment. _ replace them? it's an extremely live debate at the moment. there - replace them? it's an extremely live debate at the moment. there are i debate at the moment. there are arguments both ways. if you build a new building is likely to be more energy—efficient in its operation then in older building which may not have been built for purpose. 0n the other hand, as we just been talking about the embodied carbon of a new building can be very significant particularly if it's involving large amounts of cement, concrete and steel which are very energy intensive materials to include. 0ne intensive materials to include. one of the big debates going on at the moment is, can wejust of the big debates going on at the moment is, can we just knocked back to the concrete frame and rebuilt around that or is it better to demolish the whole thing? and what is the role for new kinds of building materials as well? should we be making more use of timber, sustainably sourced of course and can we do more in terms of modular construction which is more energy—efficient than building everything on site and uses less waste? ., . , , , , everything on site and uses less waste? ., . , ,, , waste? how much pressure is coming from preperty — waste? how much pressure is coming from property developers _ waste? how much pressure is coming from property developers to - waste? how much pressure is coming from property developers to make - from property developers to make buildings, the design of buildings will become operational the design of building more efficient, and example in the use of energy? i'll give you a small example, not an increasing number of people live in duel person household come relatively small. most of them have some heating put up quite often it's independent of the rest of the building. independent of the rest of the buildinu. . v , independent of the rest of the buildin. ., �*, , ., building. that's right. there is a lot of pressure _ building. that's right. there is a lot of pressure on _ building. that's right. there is a lot of pressure on the _ building. that's right. there is a lot of pressure on the real - building. that's right. there is a | lot of pressure on the real estate industry to become greener. many of them are setting targets for 2030. we just published a survey today which shows that 80% of the real estate clients who we ask are already thinking very carefully about the regulatory requirements etiquette to be put on them in future in relation to energy efficiencies. and another 60% are thinking about how to get to net zero even though that isn't a regulatory requirement. the pressure is coming from the money. there is a significant amount of money coming into real estate which is looking for green buildings. and there's a significant amount of pressure they are. . , significant amount of pressure they are. . y y ., significant amount of pressure they are. .,y significant amount of pressure they are. ., , , significant amount of pressure they are. .,y are. finally, you say they are thinkin: are. finally, you say they are thinking about, _ are. finally, you say they are thinking about, that's - are. finally, you say they are thinking about, that's part i are. finally, you say they are thinking about, that's part of| are. finally, you say they are i thinking about, that's part of the problem. most people are thinking about doing things they are not necessarily doing them with the urgency that the problem would suggest as needed. i urgency that the problem would suggest as needed.— urgency that the problem would suggest as needed. i think they are ve clear suggest as needed. i think they are very clear on _ suggest as needed. i think they are very clear on what _ suggest as needed. i think they are very clear on what the _ suggest as needed. i think they are very clear on what the problem i suggest as needed. i think they are very clear on what the problem is. l suggest as needed. i think they arej very clear on what the problem is. i think the prime minister said the other day, it's not that we don't know what to do and it's clear from our survey that the real estate industry does understand that it needs to make progress and sometimes theissueis needs to make progress and sometimes the issue is actually about the practicalities, are the technologies they are that we need in order to be able to change our buildings so that they use ours carbon? sometimes the technologies aren't there yet but they're too expensive or have adequate payback period. we really got into the nitty—gritty now of trying to understand what we can do building by building, street by street to make those buildings more efficient. ~ , , , street to make those buildings more efficient. ~ , , ., ~ very much. we can speak now to dominika lasota, a climate activist. she campaigns against the use of coal in poland and joins us from the cop26 climate conference. thank you for being with us. from where you stand during these long meetings, ten days into it now, how do you feel it is progressing? is it progressing with enough energy and enough urgency, do you think? itrefoil enough urgency, do you think? well so far the enough urgency, do you think? -ii so far the government have a i think betrayed the young people across the world. we are ten days into this conference and so far the ndc saw the reduction target that the government have provided to the cop26 put us on track of 2.4 degrees of warming. i think we should let that sink in because it really shows that sink in because it really shows that they do not treat as an emergency as it is. today up and walking around the conference and i saw adult people drinking wine and enjoying themselves, throwing parties from glascow and celebrating the successes. at the same time the fossil fuel industry speaks at this conference, has such a big city here and we do not see the reduction, the target reduction being in line with the paris agreement. and we do not see the crisis being treated seriously. so far i think young people like me, other climate activists and people across the world feel betrayed. because this is a place where government should come and treat this crisis seriously and step up with action that is needed to face this emergency but they do not do it so far. but to face this emergency but they do not do it so far.— not do it so far. but we have gone in a relatively _ not do it so far. but we have gone in a relatively small _ not do it so far. but we have gone in a relatively small number of i in a relatively small number of years, not far enough perhaps, from pictures of 4 degrees based on the individual policies of countries do now as you say 2.4. that's... 0f now as you say 2.4. that's... of course is too high. but that does suggest there is movement in the right direction which as maybe not fast enough. what would you do to accelerate that movement, what do you think needs to be done to accelerate that movement? we you think needs to be done to accelerate that movement? we are in accelerate that movement? we are in a crucial point — accelerate that movement? we are in a crucial point right _ accelerate that movement? we are in a crucial point right now _ accelerate that movement? we are in a crucial point right now as _ accelerate that movement? we are in a crucial point right now as we - accelerate that movement? we are in a crucial point right now as we are i a crucial point right now as we are heading into the last hours of cop26. right now i think we need to talk about the money. so far the us, uk and other rich nations have been running away from the conversations about the client finance was up as was mentioned here today the hundred billion dollars that was promised backin billion dollars that was promised back in 2009 in copenhagen has still not been delivered to the most vulnerable countries. so the rich nations like uk, usa must step up and really take the responsibility for the crisis that they have historically created and provide the money, show us the money. that is a time right now. without the money there is no talk about real climate action, real climatejustice being put in place and being prioritised. right now in orderfor this cop put in place and being prioritised. right now in order for this cop to be a success we need to see the money flowing away from fossil fuel industry that is so heavily subsidised right now and towards the people to provide people with safety, justice and with a vision of a future and a vision of a safe present for many and the global south. we need to unlock the talks and the governments need to step up, take the responsibility and walk the talks and give the money to the climate finance. brute talks and give the money to the climate finance.— climate finance. we hope you continue your _ climate finance. we hope you continue your campaigning i climate finance. we hope you i continue your campaigning back climate finance. we hope you - continue your campaigning back home in poland and you don't feel it's been a complete waste of your time to come to glasgow because it certainly not been from the point of view of talking to people like us and all the people listening to what you and your fellow campaigners have to say. thank you very much for giving up your evening to talk to us. the husband of the jailed british iranian woman held in tehran, nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe, says he is "stuck in the same status quo" after meeting officials at the foreign office. richard ratcliffe is on day 19 of a hunger strike camping outside the foreign office to protest against his wife's continued detention in iran. he said the meeting had been quite depressing and hadn't given him much hope for her release. nazanin was arrested during a holiday to the country in 2016. if i'm honest, it felt like, you know, perfectly nice, sincere, caring, everyone in the room was caring, but, you know, we're still stuck in the same status quo, we're still stuck in the same problems that led us to end up on hunger strike. i don't feel they've given a clear enough message to iran that hostage—taking is wrong. i don't think there are any consequences to iran at present for its continuing taking of hostages of british citizens and using them. there was acknowledgement that clearly nazanin is being held as leverage. no readiness to change course. "we set this course, all your suggestions, we scenario plan and we think about what they're going to mean and..." but, yeah, it felt like groundhog day. 0ur diplomatic correspondent james landale is with me now. you've james landale is with me now. been following the what you've been following the story for what feels like years now and it is. 5.5 years now nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe has been held and richard ratcliffe has been campaigning. a hunger strike now and i spoke to them today and he was utterly deflated. that's the nature of these things and they went in this morning thinking these things were different and the meeting today in the fort offices with a new deputy for an officer from iran and a new regime that will be different but clearly not in terms of his meeting with the british minister and officials. nothing new. hesse and officials. nothing new. have they given _ and officials. nothing new. have they given any — and officials. nothing new. have they given any kind _ and officials. nothing new. have they given any kind of— and officials. nothing new. have they given any kind of sense of the conversation have they at been able to give richard ratcliffe there was any sense on which progress was being made because so much obviously has to be from the general public but they been talking about her case for quite a long time and talking about related issues of this money that iran paid in the 1970s for weapons that were never delivered and it wants back with interest and the whole sanctions regime never mind the wider question of trying to control their nuclear ambitions. while the foreign office says is that the officials when they met the iranian minister raced the case of nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe and also the other british nationals are detained in iran and pushed hard for them to be released, saying they were unfairly detained. but when, for example, richard ratcliffe and his team raised the issue of this historic debt for tanks that were sold but never delivered to the iranians during the period of the revolution, they clammed up. and that's exactly what happened to me and other correspondence when we ask about this. they claim up and say we cannot talk about it even the british ministers and the prime minister and the foreign secretary have also we want to pay it. but they never say why it's being held up. is it sanctions? we are no longer subject to eu sanctions, we are independent. is a legal issue? if it is, what is a legal issue. i5 if it is, what is a legal issue. is it american pressure? again, i if it is, what is a legal issue. is l it american pressure? again, we don't knovv- _ it american pressure? again, we don't know. americans _ it american pressure? again, we don't know. americans have i it american pressure? again, we don't know. americans have said publicly it is a sovereign decision for the uk. publicly it is a sovereign decision forthe uk. under publicly it is a sovereign decision for the uk. under barack 0bama, americans paid some of their own money for a historic debt and that relate to the release of some americans so we are still puzzled by why the british government is not paying that debt. certainly the campaign supporting richard ratcliffe say they believe there is no technical obstacle.— ratcliffe say they believe there is no technical obstacle. when you look at this and you _ no technical obstacle. when you look at this and you follow _ no technical obstacle. when you look at this and you follow this _ no technical obstacle. when you look at this and you follow this story i at this and you follow this story and you have worked in westminster and you have worked in westminster and this is a long time and you have seen quite negotiation lead to resolution, some quite company had issues, have you had any sense during the last few years that this has in any way progressed? yes. during the last few years that this has in any way progressed? yes, i think it has _ has in any way progressed? yes, i think it has but _ has in any way progressed? yes, i think it has but has _ has in any way progressed? yes, i think it has but has progressed i has in any way progressed? yes, i think it has but has progressed as| think it has but has progressed as much internally within iran. it is wrong to think of iran as a unitary government. there are different elements to it in there are different bids that had different views on the fate of nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe. the minister who was there today is in the ministry of foreign affairs. that is a different power source to the judiciary and to the iranian revolutionary guard corps, who have the decisive say over her fate at the decisive say over her fate at the moment. and until they think that she no longer serves a purpose as what british ministers referred to as diplomatic hostagetaking, until that stops, then nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe is seen as a useful tool for the iranian revolutionary guard. after what china did with — revolutionary guard. after what china did with the _ revolutionary guard. after what china did with the canadians i revolutionary guard. after what | china did with the canadians and then got the woman from huawei released effectively back to china it looks to some governments like it worked so you can argue whether it is right or wrong but for then it is a very useful weapon.— is right or wrong but for then it is a very useful weapon. what richard ratcliffe's campaign _ a very useful weapon. what richard ratcliffe's campaign is _ a very useful weapon. what richard ratcliffe's campaign is saying i a very useful weapon. what richard ratcliffe's campaign is saying if i ratcliffe's campaign is saying if you can cite the historic debt on the tanks which is something the british government accepted oaths, thatjust british government accepted oaths, that just changes things, british government accepted oaths, thatjust changes things, changes the atmosphere and allows the iranians to claim there is a linkage. now we don't know if that is correct. it is entirely possible the deck to be paid and the iranians would find another reason. we just simply don't know where the politics would be at at that stage but as you can see the point is there are human costs here both for her and in the short term for him at the moment. abs, short term for him at the moment. a miserable story but that you so much loving us through it, james. buckingham palace has confirmed that the queen will attend the remembrance sunday service at the cenotaph this weekend three weeks after she was told to rest by doctors. today, armistice day has been marked across the uk as people fell silent at 11 o'clock this morning to remember those who have lost their lives in conflict. ceremonies were disrupted last year by covid restrictions. sarah campbell reports. bell tolls. 0n the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918, the guns of the first world war fell silent. more than a century later, the nation paused to remember those who sacrificed so much in service to their country. music: the last post. last year, the pandemic prevented people from coming together to remember. not so this year. sydney, australia, on november the 11th. it's also france's national day of remembrance. so many lives were cut short in french fields. many soldiers never returned home. walter tull was one of them. britain's first black army officer, he was killed in 1918. today, at the cenotaph in london, his great—nephew laid a wreath in his honour. this is a fantastic event to come to the point where i'm able to lay a wreath on behalf of my grand—uncle at the cenotaph. it's a great honour and a great honour to him. armistice day, ensuring those who were lost are not forgotten. sarah campbell, bbc news. the former president of south africa fw de klerk, the last white person to lead the country, has died at the age of 85. he was a key figure in the country's transition to democracy and in the release of nelson mandela from prison in 1990. as andrew harding reports, mr de klerk recorded a last message to the south african people with instructions to broadcast it after his death. we did not only admit the wrongness of apartheid... fw de klerk was terminally ill when he recorded this farewell message, still wrestling with his place in south africa's tortured history. i, without qualification, apologise for the pain, and the hurt and the indignity and the damage that apartheid has done. in the late 1980s, south africa stood on the brink of chaos. the security forces of a racist white government were battling against the black majority. no one expected much to change when de klerk took over as president. after all, his government ran a nation where black people were treated by law as subordinate, inferior. the prohibition of the african national congress... but within months, de klerk announced a shocking u—turn. ..and a number of subsidiary organisations is being rescinded. the anc, the outlawed liberation party of nelson mandela, was unbanned, and soon after that, mandela himself was released from prison after 27 years. soon, the two men, once bitter enemies, were sharing the nobel peace prize as south africa inched towards democracy. what nobody can take away from him is his foresight. he seized the moment, he showed the courage, and he was a figure that eventually saw the end of apartheid. and nelson mandela elected as president in those heady days of the new reign of democracy. but the transition was not peaceful. thousands of black south africans died during political violence that was, as it turned out, deliberately stirred up by white security forces. still, de klerk and mandela kept negotiating, nudging their nation forward, not that they were ever close. so help me god. and then in 1994, history was made, as mandela was sworn in as democratic south africa's first president. de klerk retreated backstage. the question that has always stalked fw de klerk is a simple one — was he a good man who did all he could to destroy an evil system? or was he an opportunist, someone who never properly confronted his own role in the horrors of racial apartheid? many today here are choosing to focus on his undeniable achievements. he had the courage to step away from the path that his party that he led had embarked upon from 1948, and we will remember him for that. de klerk will always be a divisive figure, but history will record that he helped to bring freedom to south africa. the former south african president fw de klerk, who's died at the age of 85. i'm joined now by milton nkosi, the bbc�*s former south africa bureau chief. of course not only that but somebody who lived and had to try to exist under the system of apartheid. a system that defines you from birth as to what group you belong to and from that determined your rights and your obligations you were under. before the collapse of apartheid, visibly he was a hated figure for many black south africans and indeed south african of all. yes. many black south africans and indeed south african of all.— south african of all. yes, de klerk represented _ south african of all. yes, de klerk represented the _ south african of all. yes, de klerk represented the might _ south african of all. yes, de klerk represented the might of- south african of all. yes, de klerk represented the might of the i south african of all. yes, de klerk| represented the might of the white minority rule government in south africa. for many years he started as a long lawyer and was born here in ipv6 and johannesburg and rose up through the ranks and became the mp for the southern town and then he ended up being the leader of the national party, so he is not really entirely divorced from the brutality of that evil system. and that is why today at the news of his passing, there are mixed messages, people who are singing his praises for the work he did in helping to end apartheid led by nelson mandela but also many who feel that de klerk should have actually stood trial for leading a white minority government as he is indeed the last white apartheid government president. i indeed the last white apartheid government president.- indeed the last white apartheid government president. i don't know if ou can government president. i don't know if you can kind _ government president. i don't know if you can kind of— government president. i don't know if you can kind of walk _ government president. i don't know if you can kind of walk back- government president. i don't know if you can kind of walk back in i government president. i don't know if you can kind of walk back in yourl if you can kind of walk back in your own mind as to people's response when your friends and family, you grew up there and you were in a sent 7 grew up there and you were in a sent ? essence on the front line of many demonstrations and protests against apartheid and some of the real brutal violence that was meted out against people as young as children by the police to deter and discourage and break up those protests. when he became president after his predecessor, was there any inkling or sense that this is a new man and a new direction that's coming? man and a new direction that's cominu ?, , man and a new direction that's comina? , .,, man and a new direction that's comina? , .w man and a new direction that's cominu? , ~ , coming? just as andrew said in his ackaue coming? just as andrew said in his package there. _ coming? just as andrew said in his package there, he _ coming? just as andrew said in his package there, he shocked - coming? just as andrew said in his package there, he shocked many l package there, he shocked many particularly in his own party, the national party which was the governing apartheid government at the time, when he announced on the 2nd of february 1990 that nelson mandela would be released from prison after serving 27 years and he on banned all the political parties, including the anc, which is now governing the country. so de klerk created enemies amongst his own people within the right—wing establishment of white south africa because they called him a traitor. he was ushering in democracy. the majority were coming into rule. all the white privilege protection which came with the legislated racism was going to fall away. and they did not like that, and our people even tonight who still call de klerk a traitorfrom tonight who still call de klerk a traitor from the right—wing establishment. from the black side, there are many people who think that de klerk does not deserve the accolades he received for helping to end apartheid. in fact there people who are protesting and still do that he should not have received the nobel peace prize, which he shared with nelson mandela in 1993. just on that question — with nelson mandela in 1993. just on that question of _ with nelson mandela in 1993. just on that question of his _ with nelson mandela in 1993. just on that question of his reputation, i with nelson mandela in1993. just on that question of his reputation, i i that question of his reputation, i suppose there are many people from the apartheid era who kind of now say of course i always thought it was a bad thing and i was always pressing from the inside for apartheid to come to an end but i could not persuade the leadership and i was a lone voice or they were and i was a lone voice or they were a small number of us but on the outside we had to defend it. nobody will ever know if that is true people looking back through rose tinted spectacles, but in his case, he has recorded this what almost might call a deathbed confession, almost like calling in the priest for the last rites in saint confess your sins. for the last rites in saint confess yoursins. it for the last rites in saint confess your sins. it is a remarkable statement, really.— your sins. it is a remarkable statement, really. your sins. it is a remarkable statement, reall . , ., statement, really. yes, indeed, and he apologised _ statement, really. yes, indeed, and he apologised specifically _ statement, really. yes, indeed, and he apologised specifically for - he apologised specifically for apartheid. and he said without any qualification. the reason why he had to apologise again and remember this video, as you will have seen it, it was really meant to be published and broadcast after his passing, so he was recorded not so long ago, very recently you might say. and it's because the previous apologies never really were felt to be authentic and genuine and meaningful enough. and de klerk can be praised for the work that he has done. you cannot deny it. it is factual. he did release nelson mandela from prison against the wishes of many of his own comrades to my but he also presided over incredible and pain and brutality, particularly towards the end of apartheid when he was president, his security forces were committing amazing unseen amount of brutality through what was none of the time as the fed force. the other thing is in terms of his own courage is that within the national party, he was not as strong as his predecessors were. but he had the courage to move forward. so they can be praised for that, a mixed legacy indeed. i be praised for that, a mixed legacy indeed. . , . be praised for that, a mixed legacy indeed. ., , ., , ., , ., be praised for that, a mixed legacy indeed. ., , ., , , .,~ be praised for that, a mixed legacy indeed. ., , ., ,, ., indeed. i was a pleasure to speak to ou and i indeed. i was a pleasure to speak to you and i wish _ indeed. i was a pleasure to speak to you and i wish we _ indeed. i was a pleasure to speak to you and i wish we could _ indeed. i was a pleasure to speak to you and i wish we could speak- indeed. i was a pleasure to speak to you and i wish we could speak for. you and i wish we could speak for hours here because there is a lot to be said about this man. a strawberry stop. thank you so much for talking to us. the uk's economic recovery from the pandemic slowed sharply over the summer, with supply chain problems hampering growth. new figures from the office for national statistics show the uk's economy grew by 1.3% less than many analysts had expected. here's our economics editor faisal islam. polishing metal in the midlands. this west bromwich manufacturer can see the growth in the economy since the depths of the pandemic lockdown. but some of the shine is now coming off. we've seen month—on—month growth. we did see in august and the early part of september that it dropped slightly, but a lot of that was because our customers physically couldn't get hold of the material. it was stuck at ports, it couldn't come into the uk to be processed. now that's all since come in, causing bottlenecks in production. and that is exactly what's seen in the big economic numbers, too. the pandemic rebound beginning to fade with normal service not quite resuming. we're on the right path, but of course there are global challenges ahead, and that's why the budget set out a plan to build a stronger economy with support for working families at its heart. but the net result of that, say the bank of england, is two years of declining living standards after inflation and after tax. so, that includes all the measures that you have mentioned. well, what it doesn't include is the spending on public services, and that does bring value to people's lives. so, the uk is finally emerging from the economic heart attack of 2020, but growth is now a little slower than was hoped. in the last quarter, the economy expanded by 1.3%, and forecasts predict a further slowing of growth in the coming months. the rebound from the pandemic continued partly thanks to the vaccine roll—out. but we are in a new phase now, with higher prices and taxes hitting people's pay packets and the supply chain crisis continuing to affect what businesses can manufacture. there are risks ahead from around the world and closer to home too. the uk and eu have continued arguments about the brexit deal, with the government here suggesting it might end the special northern ireland trade border by triggering what is known as article 16, and some eu voices in turn suggesting a suspension of the whole brexit agreement. when you're trying to deal with the cost of living crisis, why would you get involved in any way with some sort of trade war with our biggest trading partner? we are not at that point. and what we should be doing and what we are doing is working constructively with our european friends and partners to explore every opportunity that we have to try and resolve some of our differences around the operation of that protocol. back in west brom, it is stability on trade and some sort of normality that this exporter is yearning for. the rebound may be ending, but the economy is yet to settle. faisal islam, bbc news. the boss of a well—known insurer has defended its potential sale to a us private equity firm amid criticism from politicians and some of its members. mark hartigan, chief executive of lv, said a takeover by bain capital is "the only bid that safeguards the lv brand". the £530 million deal would see the company lose its status as a mutual. 0ur reporter nina nanji is here. this is a company in an area people often don't understand a lot about but i suspect a lot of us would think insurance companies, not really a big target for international takeover. it is not very glamourous, dare i say. that's riuht. very glamourous, dare i say. that's right- this — very glamourous, dare i say. that's right. this whole _ very glamourous, dare i say. that's right. this whole episode _ very glamourous, dare i say. that's right. this whole episode is - very glamourous, dare i say. that's right. this whole episode is ratherl right. this whole episode is rather checking out this dusty image for insurers and pension providers. let's go back to the basics, and the company was founded in the 1840s in liverpool, and it's a mutually owned company and has now been earmarked for sale for as you say £530 million to american private equity firm called bain capital. but the deal has sparked something of a backlash, and we have seen a politician from across a spectrum but also some of lv's across a spectrum but also some of lv�*s a members processing the deal and essentially they have accused lv bosses of trying to sell the family silver on the cheap. now the bosses has picking out today and defending the potential deal. he told the bbc radio 4 today programme is that the deal if it goes ahead represents the best possible financial outcome for its members. but it remains to be same if that's enough to convince the sceptics. ii same if that's enough to convince the sceptics-— the sceptics. if they are only aaivin the sceptics. if they are only giving those _ the sceptics. if they are only giving those pounds - the sceptics. if they are only| giving those pounds forgiving the sceptics. if they are only i giving those pounds forgiving of the sceptics. if they are only - giving those pounds forgiving of the equal say in the business as a mutual i can understand is not that attractive but i suppose the other issue an example of this is the thing politicising it and get people like and miliband piling in is that it's about this controversial model of financing, private equity. that's riaht of financing, private equity. that's ri . ht and of financing, private equity. that's right and we _ of financing, private equity. that's right and we should _ of financing, private equity. that's right and we should explain - of financing, private equity. that's right and we should explain what i right and we should explain what private equity is. private equity companies are essentially investment firms what they seek to do is identify underperforming companies or companies they see as underperforming by the potential to do better. they then by those companies and try and turn them around and then the idea is to try and sell them on for a profit. but as you say it can be controversial and supporters of the private equity model say they can help to improve a company profit performance but say they are essentially creditors that are just selling off company assets and potentially cutting jobs as well. and all of this is really relevant right now because we have actually seen a flurry of private equity interests in the uk companies in recent months, and is to continue likely because government is keen to attract investment into the uk but what is also wanted to continue is the debate about the role and the intentions of the private equity firms. . ., ., , ., ., ., firms. the deceit that goes ahead of ou ve firms. the deceit that goes ahead of you very much- _ and finally to a retired gp who started lockdown with an old box of dinosaur bones and came out of lockdown having discovered a new species of dinosaur one that roamed the isle of wight 125 million years ago. it's an extraordinary story that takes lockdown hobbies to a whole new level. duncan kennedy has been to the the isle of wight to tell us more. they've been finding that a source here on the isle of wight for around 200 years was up the dinosaurs they have discovered are about 125 million years old. they thought there were two main species of dinosaur until now. gnarled, nobbly and what a nose! this is how the not very dainty dino would've looked like. and the usp of this vip, its bulbous snout. and here we have vertebra or backbone of... its remains had spent 40 years in old boxes untiljeremy lockwood, a retired gp, went through them. he'd always believed there had to be more than two types of dinosaur on the island. and he was right. i took a bone, which was a nasal bone, and i thought, "i'm going to try and reconstruct what the skull of this animal looked like," so i sort of put it into life position. and i thought, "goodness me, this has got a bulbous end to the end of its nose." so, it became obvious that this was something completely different. it took dr lockwood two years to sift through all the bones, and this new species has now been confirmed by experts. just along there is where i found it all them years ago. that's right. keith simmonds is the one who found the dinosaur near a village called brighstone, which is why it's being called brighstoneus simmondsi. it was in 1978 keith discovered the bones, and now the new species has been confirmed, he's delighted. it's nice, yeah. a bit of recognition for the work done over the years. it's ideal. and now you found out you found a new species of dinosaur, what do you make of that? something for the history books, really, and, yeah, it's really good. this coast was already known as a world class centre for discovering dinosaurs. it seems some have, well, just got a nose for it. duncan kennedy, bbc news, on the isle of wight. now it's time for a look at the weather with tomasz. well, it's been a quiet day today. cloudy, mild, dry for the most part. but an area of low pressure is approaching us. you can see it on the satellite picture here, and it will be right on top of us during the course of friday. and friday is going to be a blustery day right across the country. so, this is what it looks like early hours of friday morning. the rain moves into ireland, northern ireland, scotland, the north west of england, as well. there might be some dribs and drabs further south, but i think we won't see much rainfall at all even through friday across southern and central parts of the uk. most of the rainfall, with this area of low pressure, will sort of shear off towards the north and east. certainly scotland, southern scotland, maybe the lake district getting some of that rain. further south, it willjust be fleeting rain carried on that breeze, really not lasting very long at all, more showery than anything. and the temperatures — 15 in the south, around 12—13 across the north. and as far as the weekend's concerned, it's looking quieter and generally dry with some sunny spells. hello i'm christian fraser at the cop 26 summit in glasgow. the un warns more needs to be done to drastically limit the impacts of climate change. the announcements here and glasgow are encouraging but they are far from enough. the omissions gap remains a devastating threat. we have quite a hill to climb: the key pledges made at the conference if fulfilled would only put the world nine per cent closer on the pathway to 1.5 degrees. leaders from vulnerable countries accuse the united states of standing in the way of progress we'll hear from the climate minister of the pacific island nation of tuvalu. plus, the new global fossil fuel tracker, that will measure what's being dug out of the ground and who owns it.