just over two weeks ago, christina found her grandmother, who lives in cheltenham spa, slumped in a chair, having a stroke. it was a blue light emergency. the ambulance should have arrived in 18 minutes. but instead, it took nearly six hours. it then queued outside hospital for an another three. it was then that an ambulance lady, i asked her how long it was going to take for my nan to get a ct, because ijust needed to know whether or not it was a stroke. and she told me, well, your nan�*s event happened last night. so we would only administer the medication that would reverse any permanent damage within that three—hour window. how did you feel? ijust broke down in tears on the floor. whistle—blowers from inside the ambulance services have told the bbc the system is at breaking point. this 999 call handler said even patients whose hearts have stopped are facing delays. there was a call for a cardiac arrest, and there was an eta in excess of 50 minutes. the nearest available crew was 50 minutes away. and this guy was in arrest. and for every minute, they say 10% of your life expectancy will decrease. that's hard. we struggle massively with the long delays. this is life threatening. and we just don't have the crews to respond like we should do. and have you got the pain i in the chest at the moment? all 1a ambulance services in the uk have escalated to the highest level of alert, and some have even gone beyond. like here at south central, which recently declared a critical incident when managers said the service had become unsafe. stuart, a paramedic, was working that night. i had a conversation with the control room, you know, in the early hours, when they said how many jobs are outstanding. how many incidents are outstanding, and i was like, oh, my god. you just sit there thinking, we're never, ever going to get rid of that backlog for days. for the last three months, these handlers have answered an additional 21,000 999 calls, compared to two years ago. and just before the critical incident was declared here, instead of having an average of 20 patients waiting for an ambulance, they had 120 patients waiting. they are operating right at the edge of what they can manage in order to keep patients from harm. south central has now asked the government for military support. armed forces have helped ambulance services in other parts of england, wales and scotland, and have supported hospitals in northern ireland. governments in all parts of the uk say they are aware of the challenges and are doing their best to support services. but with winter coming, the pressure is likely only to get worse. sophie hutchinson, bbc news. hospital waiting lists in england have hit another record high, according to the latest figures from the nhs. there were 5.8 million people waiting to start treatment in england at the end of september. that's the highest number since records began in 2007 , and up from 5.7 million people waiting in august. the number of people waiting more than a year for treatment was also up slightly to just over 300 thousand. 0ur health correspondent katharine da costa is here. these figures are for england. there particularly concerning. 1.4 million patients last month. that is impacting performance figures. if we look ambulance response times, calls fur life threatening like cardiac arrest the response time last month was over nine minutes. that's the longest time since 2017 when definitions were changed. 0ne longest time since 2017 when definitions were changed. one in ten waited at least one quarter of an hour, remember every minute counts in these types of emergencies. category two is further things like stroke and car accidents. the target time is 18 minutes. last month the average was 54 minutes. 0ne time is 18 minutes. last month the average was 54 minutes. one in ten people was waiting about two hours or more. that's waiting for an ambulance to get to you, then you get to amd, and what we're hearing is ambulances are queueing outside because they can't off—load their patients because there aren't enough beds and staff enough available to take them. the target time and a nand to see patients is to see 95% of patients in four hours. in october, 74% were seen in that timeframe. that is the worst on record since 2004 when that target was brought in. more than 7000 patients were waiting over 12 hours to be admitted. these so—called trolley waits, and that is because of pressure right through the system. so there is a bottleneck effectively. many patients may be well enough to leave hospital but there are no 7 there are not social care plus pass packages in place to get them back into the community. nonurgent operations like knee and hip replacements and cataract operations, as you say 5.8 million. that figure has been creeping up through the pandemic because elective care had to be put on hold during the first wave of the pandemic. a lot of work has been done to bring down some of the longest waits for those waiting over a year, the peak in march, it is still way above where it was before the peak of the pandemic with 600 people waiting. many people are still expecting to come forward, they have been holding off during they have been holding off during the pandemic, they are called the missing pay shunts and they are expected to get worse before they get better. and what is the potential front timeframe, their government has announced a lot of money going into the nhs to deal with this but it will take time to fill through. that's right. 0nly weeks ago, the chancellor said the nhs was not under unsustainable pressure in his opinion. the government has granted 5.4 billion for the next few months to help the nhs get through the winter and some of the backlog operations. we know there will be 12 million a year with there will be 12 million a year with the social care levy come into force from the spring, but right now, people within the health service, the nhs confederation which speaks for health care within england, wales and northern ireland are saying right now what they want to see the priority given to social care to ensure there is enough staff and provision there to ease the backlog within hospitals, so get people out into the community, free up people out into the community, free up beds, and that is going to be really difficult because today is the deadline for care staff to be double vaccinated. although vaccination rates have been increased after the policy was introduced, there is still thousands of care workers as of last month who have not been vaccinated. many have left theirjobs. some have been given till christmas to say they are medically exempt. but they are worrying about a crisis within social care. anyone who works in a care home in england will have to be double—vaccinated against covid—19 from today, unless they are medically exempt. up the health secretary sajid javid up the health secretary sajid javid says the move is designed to make homes safer, but some in the sector have warned they could lose large up numbers of employees, at a time when the industry is already struggling to recruit and retain staff. fw de klerk, the last president of apartheid south africa and a key up figure in the country's transition to a multi—racial democracy, has died. to a multi—racial he was 85. to a multi—racial caroline hawley looks back at his life. up up today we have closed the book on apartheid, and that chapter is finally closed. the full set of history would have ended white supremacy in south africa eventually, but without fw de klerk, the transformation to nonracial democracy could have been a lot more painful. he saw that his country had to change, and he delivered. mr de klerk knew very well what lay behind the chaos up and violence in black townships, provoked by rigid racial segregation. for years, as a minister in south africa's white minority government, he had helped entrench apartheid. then fw de klerk became president in 1989, replacing p w better, the last apartheid dinosaur. a president de klerk�*s approach was very different. the prohibition of the african national congress, the black african congress, the south african communist party and a number of subsidiary organisations has been rescinded. applause. order. within a year, nelson mandela finally walked to freedom. fw de klerk had ordered his release and unbanned the anc. acts he knew must number his own days in power. talks to end white minority rule opened old wounds in black politics. there was a terrible violence in the townships between anc and its zulu rivals. violence that was actively fomented by the white security apparatus. and white extremists too were up in arms. upset at the prospect of a black government. de klerk sensed the threat and outmanoeuvred them by offering a whites only referendum in 1992. he craved backing and he won it. now, change was unstoppable. the world acknowledge that. in 1993, mr de klerk wasjointly awarded the nobel peace prize along with a man who would replace him as president. although nelson mandela was sometimes infuriated by fw de klerk, he called him a man of integrity. president mandela's inauguration in 1994 was partly a tribute to mr de klerk�*s vision. some of his former colleagues complained he's been opportunistic, merely seizing the moment. but he did seize the moment. never again on one inch of the soil of the republic of south africa will there ever be racial discrimination again. and so, for white south africans, fw de klerk and stand tall in history. uk diplomats will urge iranian officials to release detained uk nationals, such as nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe, in rare face—to—face talks today. it comes on the 19th day of her husband richard's hunger strike outside the foreign office in london. iran will also be urged to back a deal that would revive the international agreement regulating its nuclear programme. 0ur diplomatic correspondent james landale is here. is it expected that there will be any progress?— any progress? nazanin zaghari-ratcliffe - any progress? nazanin zaghari-ratcliffe has l any progress? nazanin - zaghari-ratcliffe has been any progress? nazanin _ zaghari-ratcliffe has been detained zaghari—ratcliffe has been detained under effective house arrest for under effective house arrest for under five and a half years now. under effective house arrest for underfive and a half years now. one is also very cautious before predicting any progress on this. iran remains, in using individuals, notjust uk nationals but others, what is widely termed as hostages and she remains in that position, despite campaigning by her husband and many others. the case will be raised in this meeting. the simple fact that richard radcliffe is sitting outside on hunger strike, just a few yards from where this meeting will take place will not be lost on the iranians. the king thing is that the deputy foreign minister that will be there is going to decide herfate. that will that will be there is going to decide her fate. that will be that will be there is going to decide herfate. that will be —— he will not decide her fate. decide her fate. that will be -- he will not decide her fate.— will not decide her fate. there is an agreed _ will not decide her fate. there is an agreed date _ will not decide her fate. there is an agreed date that _ will not decide her fate. there is an agreed date that the - will not decide her fate. there is an agreed date that the uk - will not decide her fate. there is an agreed date that the uk is i will not decide her fate. there is i an agreed date that the uk is iran. what are the difficulties of round paying that7 what are the difficulties of round paying that?— what are the difficulties of round -a in: that? ~ ., ., , , paying that? would that completely unlock it? possibly. _ paying that? would that completely unlock it? possibly. we _ paying that? would that completely unlock it? possibly. we don't - paying that? would that completely unlock it? possibly. we don't know| unlock it? possibly. we don't know that. it's entirely possible that this debt would be paid and then then maybe another pretext raised for not releasing nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe. it dates back to the revolution in iran in 1979. they agreed to sell 1500 tanks to the iranians. they delivered the money but never transferred the tanks. there has been a dispute over how the money should be paid back. the government have seeded that the debt should be paid, but there is some murky legal reason that they will not tell us about that is preventing that payment, partly, we think, down to sanctions, the fact that the money can't go to a sanctioned body, because the money could potentially go to do something that would be counter to uk and that wider national interest. there are disputes over how much money you it is. there is a dispute about that. if that were resolved, the iranians pushing for that debt to be resolved, certainly for this case, if the debt were paid it would improve things.— the headlines on bbc news... paramedics warn lives are at risk due to "unacceptably long" ambulance delays, with waits of up to nine hours for some patients. a surprise agreement between the us and china to tackle climate change gets a cautious welcome, but activists urge both nations to show greater commitment. and the former south african president fw de klerk, a key player in the country's transition to democracy, has died. it's officially the penultimate day of the cop26 climate change summit in glasgow, although the timetable could stretch, with negotiators again working into the early hours with the aim of keeping global warming below 1.5 celsius. that's the point at which scientists say we'll see even more dangerous consequences of climate change. there's been a cautious welcome to the unexpected announcement from the us and china to co—operate on tackling global warming. the eu and the un described the move as an important step but said both countries needed to show more commitment. rebecca morelle reports. it's the final countdown in glasgow as the climate talks enter the last few days, and we see if enough can be done to stop dangerous climate change. last night, the prime minister boris johnson urged countries to pull out all the stops. but he also tried to manage expectations. the cop26 summit here in glasgow is not going to fix it in one go. we are not going to arrest climate change right here, right now, that is just impossible. and i think everybody has got to be realistic about that. but there is the possibility that we will come away from this with the first genuine road map for a solution to anthropogenic climate change. there are some signs of hope. china's top negotiator made a surprise announcement of a joint climate plan with the united states. the world's two biggest polluters agreed to move towards using clean energy. and they said they'd reduce methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas, in a positive sign of cooperation. the united states and china have no shortage of differences, but on climate, on climate, cooperation is the only way to get this job done. today, countries are also joining together to announce an ambitious initiative, a plan to phase out oil and gas led by costa rica and denmark. they want nations to join them in setting a date to end their use. coal, too, responsible for half of all greenhouse gases, will also be a focus. and whether plans to stop its use make it into the final agreement. there will be much wrangling in the coming days, and sleepless nights for negotiators trying to thrash out a deal. the process at the united nations means getting nearly 200 countries to agree, each with different economies, different problems and very different agendas. rebecca morelle, bbc news, glasgow. joining me now is pakistani senator, faisaljaved khan, who'sjust returned from the cop26 summit in glasgow. welcome. thank you very much for joining us. pakistan is particularly vulnerable in terms of climate change, ranked eighth most vulnerable country to climate change. before we talk about the specific serve cop26, tell us more about the vulnerabilities of pakistan and what you have been seeing. pakistan and what you have been seeina. ., ~ pakistan and what you have been seeina. . �* ~ seeing. indeed we are. at cop26 also, pakistan _ seeing. indeed we are. at cop26 also, pakistan is _ seeing. indeed we are. at cop26 also, pakistan is fighting - seeing. indeed we are. at cop26 also, pakistan is fighting a - seeing. indeed we are. at cop26 also, pakistan is fighting a case i also, pakistan is fighting a case for all developing countries. i give you an example. it is taking some serious measures to take to address the global issue of climate change. we need to adductor collaborative approach. pakistan contributes less than 1% of global greenhouse emissions, but we are one of the top ten countries impacted most by climate change. pakistan is not part of the problem of climate change, however we have chosen to be part of the solution. what pakistan has achieved is aspirational for many countries. it became the first country in the world to meet the challenge and that was turning 350 hectares of land into the forest. pakistan has turned over 6000 hectares of land into forest. we have made another commitment of planting 10 billion trees across pan— pakistan. in orderto planting 10 billion trees across pan— pakistan. in order to have 10 billion trees. 0ver1.5 billion trees have already been planted. we are shifting 60% of energy towards clean energy by 2030 and 70% of transport to electric by 2020. other initiatives that pakistan took over the past two to three years, 15 new national parks announced during covid—19. it has announced it was turning the crisis of floods into an opportunity to restore factory is judged by ground water. clean green pakistan, an ecosystem was objection fun. world bank has recently affirmed that 44% of pakistan's mainstream development finance is on of climate friendly pathway. that's among the highest of any country in the world. this country is committed to global efforts against the global challenge of climate change. for its part, pakistan is firmly committed to addressing this global issue. it is a matterforfuture to addressing this global issue. it is a matter for future generations, but we cannot do it alone. substantial steps need to be taken. there is a trust deficit which needs to go. the main premise in 2009 reinserted and this agreement has been fulfilled. there is no progress made on funds for developing countries. we must do it, otherwise we are very late already. we must protect the environment for our future generations to come. thank ou ve future generations to come. thank you very much- — future generations to come. thank you very much- as _ future generations to come. thank you very much. as we _ future generations to come. thank you very much. as we were - future generations to come. thank i you very much. as we were listening to you there, let's listen from their conference. mr; to you there, let's listen from their conference. my intention is to ublish their conference. my intention is to publish the — their conference. my intention is to publish the next _ their conference. my intention is to publish the next draft _ their conference. my intention is to publish the next draft of _ their conference. my intention is to publish the next draft of the - publish the next draft of the decisions again overnight tonight. recognising their continued linkages between issues, i have requested minister may said it was support me in bringing the various outstanding elements together. alongside these ministerial tracks, technical work continues on a number of areas which i am not going to list here. but please do check the daily schedule and cctv. it is my hope and expectation that this technical work comes to fusion tonight to enable parties to focus tomorrow on those key outstanding issues central to the outcome of this conference. for complete links, you should be aware that part one of the closing plenary of cop26 cmb 16 on cmb three should will take place from 6pm this evening. it is that this time that the decisions already made by parties at the conference will be formally adopted, lightening the load for tomorrow. i know that many parties have been communicating with each other to find solutions, so thank you for that. i would like to encourage everyone to have similar conversations throughout this afternoon to enable us to find possible landing zones. i ask once again, please bring the currency of compromise to your discussions, and i know that if we do so, we will all reap the benefits. therefore, now is the time to come forward with any new textual solutions you have. otherwise, we are going to be otherwise, we are going to be literally out of time. at 11am tomorrow, i will bring all ministers together again to reflect on the full set of draft decisions from this conference. and to resolve, in a balanced manner, whati this conference. and to resolve, in a balanced manner, what i hope will be the few remaining issues. let me therefore reinforce again the critical importance of the time that we have today. i urge you all to make full use of this time and instruct your officials to do the same. as i said yesterday, the world is watching us. they are willing us to work together and reach consensus. we know that we cannot afford to fail them. so i look forward to hearing from ministers in our meetings this afternoon, and now i'm going to invite brief interventions from civil society. so i now give the floor to the representatives of ngo. there leg of the flood of the climate action network. you have the floor. at the flood of the climate action network. you have the floor. at that oint, we network. you have the floor. at that point. we will _ network. you have the floor. at that point, we will leave _ network. you have the floor. at that point, we will leave the _ network. you have the floor. at that point, we will leave the cop26 - point, we will leave the cop26 climate change conference. alec sharma appealing to nations to come forward with any new wording that might help in compromise deal as the conference starts to wind up. —— alok sharma. paramedics warn lives are at risk — due to �*unacceptably long' ambulance delays — of up to nine hours for some patients. nhs waiting lists in england have reached a new record high. new figures show there were 5.83 million people waiting for treatment in september. a surprise agreement between the us and china to tackle climate change gets a cautious welcome — but activists urge both nations to show greater commitment. britain and iran will hold rare face—to—face talks in london today to try to revive the agreement curbing its nuclear activities. the case of nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe will also be on the agenda. and fw de klerk, the last white president of south africa, and a key figure in the country's transition to democracy, has died at the age of 85. sport and for a full round up, from the bbc sport centre, here's katherine downes. good morning. as expected, aston villa have appointed steven gerrard as their new manager, on a three—and—a—half year deal. the former liverpool captain leaves the scottish champions, having guided them to a first league title in 10 years last season. he's been in charge at ibrox for three years. gerrard replaces dean smith, who was sacked on sunday, after a run of five successive defeats. we can talk now to our reporter, alex howell. you are in london for us today. alex, first of all, what do you think the reaction has been up at rangers, because after all that success that he brought them over those three years, i imagine they are pretty sad to see the back of him? , , him? yes, definite disappointment from fans that _ him? yes, definite disappointment from fans that their _ him? yes, definite disappointment from fans that their manager - him? yes, definite disappointment from fans that their manager has l from fans that their manager has gone, especially how well he has done for them over the past three years. as you said, last year he delivered their first league title in ten years, knocking their rivals celtic off the top of the table and stopping them getting ten in a row. this year they are top of the table again, four points clear of celtic, they are still in the domestic cup in scotland and they are still in europe. the sporting director has released a glowing statement, saying that steven gerrard has left them in a better place. as i said, although fans will be very, very disappointed, they cannot deny that steven gerrard has left them in a better position than when he arrived in glasgow. 50 better position than when he arrived in glasuow. better position than when he arrived inglasuow. , .. ,, in glasgow. so mixed success, so much adoration, _ in glasgow. so mixed success, so much adoration, why _ in glasgow. so mixed success, so much adoration, why would - in glasgow. so mixed success, so much adoration, why would he i in glasgow. so mixed success, so i much adoration, why would he want in glasgow. so mixed success, so - much adoration, why would he want to go to aston villa —— so much adoration, why would he want to go to aston villa and how big a job as he want to go to aston villa and how big a job pressie on his hands? job at a massive club, but villa have paid £4.5 million to get him to the club and given him a three and a half year deal, which shows commitment. he will want to go there, they have an established premier league squad, and he will have funds to spend, they are one of the ., . , , the wealthier clubs in the premier lea . ue the wealthier clubs in the premier league but _ the wealthier clubs in the premier league but last _ the wealthier clubs in the premier league but last year _ the wealthier clubs in the premier league but last year they - the wealthier clubs in the premier league but last year they lost - the wealthier clubs in the premierl league but last year they lost their best player alex grealish to manchester city, for that british record £100 million fee, and itjust hasn't quite clicked this season. the players brought in, danny ings and others, dean smith was not able to get them on the pitch and because of that they haven't had a settled side and form hasn't gone well. they are 16th in the premier league, just two points above the relegation zone, and that for villa isn't progressive enough. his first game will be brighten at home, so people would say that is a game that he could get off to a winning start, but he will have to get them firing quickly. the game he will be looking forward to in four weeks' time, taking villa to liverpool. it is the allure of the premier league money, and the chance to get villa back into the top of the table that i think has attracted him down there. alex, thank you very much, alex howell, our reporter, on the news that aston villa have appointed steven gerrard as the new manager. england test captainjoe root says the racism scandal at his home club yorkshire has "fractured the game and torn lives apart". root had pledged to support the new chair of yorkshire, lord patel, as he brings about change at the club. four former players have spoken publicly about their experiences of discrimination at the club. yes, that's right. a little bit of a slowdown from the previous quarter, but growth, growth nonetheless, and it was coming from places like hospitality, arts, recreation, but also health activity as well. lawyers and estate agents cleaned up actually as people with hopes of hopes raised to beat the end of the stamp duty holiday for stop there were certainly some activity. 0ffset ljy were certainly some activity. offset by a pretty slow summer be honest, despite all those people who were having a staycation and trying to boost the domestic economy in that way. it is also lower than the activity we are seeing in lots of g7 countries. yes, britain is almost back at the economic level it was that end february 2020 before all the pandemic hit. but if you look at countries like the us and china, those countries have already surpassed those targets, and britain doesn't look like it is going to be doing that this time in 2021. certainly something to look at the next year. liz martins, i have been looking at your research notes, really interesting reading, how sustainable do you think economic growth is in britain right now. we have only lost considerable momentum. you mentioned that slow summer. _ momentum. you mentioned that slow summer, given that we were in the middle _ summer, given that we were in the middle of— summer, given that we were in the middle of the reopening process, we would _ middle of the reopening process, we would have _ middle of the reopening process, we would have hoped that would be quite a lot faster. in the main risk at the moment is on the supply side, not the _ the moment is on the supply side, not the demand side, so here all about— not the demand side, so here all about the — not the demand side, so here all about the supply shortages, don't we, about the supply shortages, don't we. all— about the supply shortages, don't we. all the — about the supply shortages, don't we, all the time. about the supply shortages, don't we, allthe time. it about the supply shortages, don't we, all the time. it boils down to you can't— we, all the time. it boils down to you can't buy what is not on the shelves, — you can't buy what is not on the shelves, you can't build if you can't — shelves, you can't build if you can't get _ shelves, you can't build if you can't get a _ shelves, you can't build if you can't get a builder, etc, etc, sol think— can't get a builder, etc, etc, sol think the — can't get a builder, etc, etc, sol think the pace of growth will slow further— think the pace of growth will slow further but inevitable because we had some — further but inevitable because we had some very fast growth with the immediate upmarket of the winter lockdown, — immediate upmarket of the winter lockdown, but also there are some constraints — lockdown, but also there are some constraints on growth, and others coming _ constraints on growth, and others coming for— constraints on growth, and others coming for the supply side. first constraints on growth, and others coming for the supply side.- coming for the supply side. first i want to talk _ coming for the supply side. first i want to talk about _ coming for the supply side. first i want to talk about trade - coming for the supply side. first i want to talk about trade and - coming for the supply side. first i want to talk about trade and what coming for the supply side. f “stl want to talk about trade and what is going on with britain there. there seems to be major underperformance in both exports and imports, at a time where, yes, you know, you mentioned it, there is a supply chain issue going on around the world, but generally, globaltrade has picked up and it has not picked up has picked up and it has not picked up big britain, so is there a credible, timely plan to put all that behind us?— credible, timely plan to put all that behind us? . , that behind us? yeah, exactly, so if we look at — that behind us? yeah, exactly, so if we look at uk _ that behind us? yeah, exactly, so if we look at uk exports _ that behind us? yeah, exactly, so if we look at uk exports and - that behind us? yeah, exactly, so if we look at uk exports and imports, | we look at uk exports and imports, they haven't really made much of a recovery— they haven't really made much of a recovery from the first lockdown. they— recovery from the first lockdown. they are — recovery from the first lockdown. they are actually down, even through 2021. _ they are actually down, even through 2021, despite the fact that global trade _ 2021, despite the fact that global trade has picked up. so, yes, we can partly— trade has picked up. so, yes, we can partly blame — trade has picked up. so, yes, we can partly blame covert and global supply— partly blame covert and global supply chain issues, but actually uk exports _ supply chain issues, but actually uk exports and imports are much weaker than those _ exports and imports are much weaker than those of our near neighbours in europe _ than those of our near neighbours in europe so — than those of our near neighbours in europe. so we have to think that some _ europe. so we have to think that some of— europe. so we have to think that some of that does reflect the end of the post—brexit transition period, at the _ the post—brexit transition period, at the beginning of 2021. as to a plan or— at the beginning of 2021. as to a plan or the — at the beginning of 2021. as to a plan or the outlook, obviously, it would _ plan or the outlook, obviously, it would be — plan or the outlook, obviously, it would be better if some of these global— would be better if some of these global supply chain issues did start to recede, — global supply chain issues did start to recede, that would help, but we have domestic issues as well, and ultimately. — have domestic issues as well, and ultimately, you know, there are more friction— ultimately, you know, there are more friction still— ultimately, you know, there are more friction still to come associated with brexit. there are some deadlines that we are going to beach in the _ deadlines that we are going to beach in the coming months that will add frictions, _ in the coming months that will add frictions, and that's without even taking _ frictions, and that's without even taking into — frictions, and that's without even taking into account any further deterioration in relation to the uk and eu _ deterioration in relation to the uk and eu and any further trade friction _ and eu and any further trade friction. so to be honest, we are not particularly optimistic about a bil not particularly optimistic about a big trade — not particularly optimistic about a big trade recovery for the uk. liz, thank ou big trade recovery for the uk. liz, thank you very — big trade recovery for the uk. ilz, thank you very much for your time. just one other thing to note, business investment is still well down, still more than 12% below where it was before the pandemic, and that is important, because it is sort of an indicator of sentiment of investment, of anxiety, sort of an indicator of sentiment of investment, ofanxiety, perhaps, in the recovery, and also, you know, the recovery, and also, you know, the prospects for the country, and if investment continues to be lower, what that does is it constrains the capacity in the future for britain to grow. it constrains those prospects, so certainly that is something the bank of england will be looking at when it comes to making its decision on rate. they will also look at living standards. it is well aware prices are rising as well and there is potentially another two years of declining living standards ahead of us. so there is labour data, that staffing and wages coming out next week as well, so it is all in the mix, or to play for, but at the moment the economy is growing but were not quite where we once were. thank you, victoria. the duchess of sussex has apologised, for misleading a court about information given by her aides to the authors of a biography. meghan markle sued the publisher of the mail on sunday over five articles. in her witness statement, the duchess apologised, and said that she did not intend to mislead the court about the role of her aide in providing information to the authors of the unauthorised biography. 0ur correspondent megan paterson is here. megan, tell us more about what has been heard. megan, tell us more about what has been heard-— megan, tell us more about what has been heard. absolutely, hearing this mornin: been heard. absolutely, hearing this morning has — been heard. absolutely, hearing this morning has focused _ been heard. absolutely, hearing this morning has focused on _ been heard. absolutely, hearing this morning has focused on a _ been heard. absolutely, hearing this morning has focused on a distinctionj morning has focused on a distinction between what was intended to be public information on what was intended to be private. now, we know obviously that earlier this year, the duchess of sussex was successful in her claim against the mail on sunday. a court ruled it was an unlawful publication of that letter from meghan to herfather. but the newspapers's lawyers i try to have that decision overturned. they believe it is possible that part of the content of that letter was possibly intended for public consumption. now, the key thing that we are hearing over the last couple of days is about what information was shared, and how much she knew it was shared, and how much she knew it was being shared. previously, the sussexes have said, a spokesperson has said that the couple did not share any information, did not contribute to a biography, called finding freedom. however, yesterday in court, a witness, a senior aide to the duchess said actually there were a number of meetings, both in person, and over e—mail about that publication that the duchess of sussex had shared information, had shared points to be shared with the authors. so there is a contrast in those two accounts. now as you say, the duchess of sussex has been very clear that she did not intend to mislead the court. she said she forgot about the way that information was shared. she understands that she did share with her aide but did not know fully the context in which it was shared. so thatis context in which it was shared. so that is the context of the focus of discussion at the moment. she also gives a bit of background on her witness statement in court, saying at the time she could have declared those e—mails, she was going through a very difficult time, she was in the later stages of pregnancy, she had suffered a miscarriage, which of course was very distressing. she was being advised to avoid stress by her medical advisers, so she gives that background, but she apologises for the omission and says it wasn't intentional.— the omission and says it wasn't intentional. ~ , ., ., intentional. where things go from here, how much _ intentional. where things go from here, how much longer _ intentional. where things go from here, how much longer does - intentional. where things go from here, how much longer does this| here, how much longer does this hearing go on for? this here, how much longer does this hearing go on for? this afternoon we exect hearing go on for? this afternoon we expect more — hearing go on for? this afternoon we expect more detail _ hearing go on for? this afternoon we expect more detail to _ hearing go on for? this afternoon we expect more detail to be _ hearing go on for? this afternoon we expect more detail to be looked - hearing go on for? this afternoon we expect more detail to be looked at. i expect more detail to be looked at. it is very detailed, very complicated, it is not a straightforward judgment, and whatever thejudgment, it straightforward judgment, and whatever the judgment, it will have implications, notjust in this case but for other cases too, so when it comes it will be very significant, perhaps not that straightforward but certainly a very important issue. thank you megan. more now on the death of fw de klerk, the last president of apartheid south africa. a key figure in the country's transition to a multi—racial democracy, he was 85. he shared the nobel peace prize with nelson mandela after releasing him from prison and paving the way for his presidency. professor william gumede, chair of south africa's democracy works foundation — he met the former president many times. nelson mandela said of fw de klerk when he became head of the party there was nothing in his past that seem to mark him out as a supporter of reform. what happened? absolutely, his background was a conservative, the secret society of the afrikaaners, steered the nation through all the key decisions made. i think when he made the decision at the end of the 1980s, and abolish official apart it, it really needed political courage to do that, in that important fact i think has cemented his place in history. what cemented his place in history. what conversations _ cemented his place in history. what conversations did _ cemented his place in history. what conversations did you _ cemented his place in history. what conversations did you have with him about his decision to release nelson mandela and what do you remember that moment when it happened? i mean, i remember it, and it was so unexpected, i must tell you at the time, i was part of the student movement at the time, i was told it was fake news, it's not true, and i did many others similarly and second, my generation of the 1980s, because we were more on the radical side of the anc, we actually thought, well, the only way he could have done that was most probably maybe he got mandela to what we call sell—out, and maybe he softened up and gave mandela a sweet deal. so we were also perplexed, and you must remember if you think about the late 19805, 1990, remember if you think about the late 1980s, 1990, when he actually made the decision, you know even within white south africa, within the national party, the issue was contested whether they should formally end apartheid. so it was not like a majority in its favour, it was very competitive. then of course on the other side, the black community who distrusted him or didn't believe anything he said. we thought certainly there must be something up. it could not have been done because of true intentions. and done because of true intentions. and ou done because of true intentions. and you mention — done because of true intentions. and you mention the courage that it took, and when you describe the context there it really makes very clear why he needed the courage to do it. he went on to share the nobel peace prize with nelson mandela. did you speak to him about the courage that it took? i you speak to him about the courage that it took?— that it took? i mean, you know, i was art that it took? i mean, you know, i was part of _ that it took? i mean, you know, i was part of a _ that it took? i mean, you know, i was part of a documentary - that it took? i mean, you know, i was part of a documentary with i that it took? i mean, you know, i i was part of a documentary with him on his life a few years ago, and, for me, the thing that i really did find puzzling about him, and that i did speak to him about is the fact that he never, never made an apology for apartheid, for colonialism and slavery. now, that was, in our context, it was very important that he should have given that apology when he was still alive, because for the sake of reconciliation between blacks and whites, it was important for the humanity of black people, and to acknowledge the fact that apartheid happened, and that apartheid happened, and that apartheid was terrifying to blacks, and we still live with the legacy and we still live with the legacy and we still with —— still will live that way as a broken society and so on, but he stubbornly refused to apologise. 0ne on, but he stubbornly refused to apologise. one or two individuals were aligned with him, after the late defence minister in the 1980s, he on his deathbed just before he died made a public apology for apartheid, but i think it would have been so much betterfor apartheid, but i think it would have been so much better for relations between black—and—white in south africa if de klerk himself apologised. africa if de klerk himself apologised-— africa if de klerk himself apologised. africa if de klerk himself aolouised. �* ., africa if de klerk himself aolouised. �* . ., apologised. and what did he say to ou, then apologised. and what did he say to you. then come — apologised. and what did he say to you, then come in _ apologised. and what did he say to you, then come in response - apologised. and what did he say to you, then come in response to - apologised. and what did he say to j you, then come in response to that question, about why he didn't apologise, and what impact do you think it has now that he has gone that the apology was never forthcoming? 50 that the apology was never forthcoming?— that the apology was never forthcoming? that the apology was never forthcomin: ? , ., forthcoming? so de klerk's argument was, which forthcoming? so de klerk's argument was. which i — forthcoming? so de klerk's argument was, which i thought _ forthcoming? so de klerk's argument was, which i thought was _ forthcoming? so de klerk's argument was, which i thought was wrong, - forthcoming? so de klerk's argument was, which i thought was wrong, his l was, which i thought was wrong, his argument was that he personally, you know, wasn't involved in apartheid. 0f know, wasn't involved in apartheid. of course, that's quite ridiculous, because apartheid was an authoritarian system, and particularly if you would have come from de klerk's family, who were privileged even in that very privileged even in that very privileged environment. the second thing also that he claimed things he had done really amounted to an apology. you know, the release of nelson mandela and other anti—apartheid fighters, that was in his view the equivalent of an apology. because he hasn't made an apology, and of course now he has gone that apology cannot be made now on his behalf, it really undermines reconciliation between black and white, because to get reconciliation, really there has to be an acknowledgement and an apology from the perpetrators in any conflict, in any oppressive situation, and when there comes a formal apology, that formal apology will help with people coming to terms with that past. it would make it easier to reconcile for the present generation and for the future generation. so because we didn't make that apology there is a lot of bitterness among many black south africans who will feel better, will feel that the terrible things that happen to them have not been formally acknowledged.— formally acknowledged. thank you ve much formally acknowledged. thank you very much for— formally acknowledged. thank you very much forjoining _ formally acknowledged. thank you very much forjoining us. - hospital waiting lists in england have hit another record high, according to the latest figures from the nhs. there were 5.8 million people waiting to start treatment in england at the end of september. that's the highest number since records began in 2007 — and up from 5.7 million people waiting in august. the number of people waiting more than a year for treatment was also up slightly tojust over 300,000. with me now is craig russell. his daughter, kelly, died from bowel cancer after her treatment was delayed during the coronavirus pandemic. also i'm joined by professor pat price, chair of the charity action radiotherapy, which works to improve treatment. together they founded the campaign �*catch up to cancer�* to call for an end to delays in cancer treatment. thank you forjoining us. craig, can you tell us what happened with your daughter? mr; you tell us what happened with your dau:hter? g ., you tell us what happened with your dau:hter? g . ., , you tell us what happened with your dau:hter? y . .,, ., ., , daughter? my daughter was originally dia . nosed in daughter? my daughter was originally diagnosed in 2017 _ daughter? my daughter was originally diagnosed in 2017 with _ daughter? my daughter was originally diagnosed in 2017 with the _ daughter? my daughter was originally diagnosed in 2017 with the stage - diagnosed in 2017 with the stage four bowel cancer. so over the period of years since that diagnosis she had been going through surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, clinical trials, anything to basically prolong her life, and then in february last year when she went in for her routine chemotherapy, she was told that she wasn�*t going to get chemotherapy and that she needed to go home and self—isolate, for the 12 weeks, because of the risk of covid, which was something that she bitterly resented, because, in her mind, the chemotherapy was keeping her alive, and, sure enough, june 13, she passed away, almost 12 weeks since she was told to self—isolate. how hard was it for you as a family to see that happen and try to come to see that happen and try to come to terms with that? l to see that happen and try to come to terms with that?— to terms with that? i don't think it is something _ to terms with that? i don't think it is something you _ to terms with that? i don't think it is something you ever— to terms with that? i don't think it is something you ever come - to terms with that? i don't think it is something you ever come to - to terms with that? i don't think it. is something you ever come to terms with, seeing a sort of fit, young, healthy, young beautiful woman going through that, watching her son have to watch her go through that as well something i would not wish on my worst enemy. and knowing that if the chemotherapy had continued, it would have at least given her more time, whether it be months, six months, we don�*t know, but that was removed and taken away from her and consequently she died as a result. fiat taken away from her and consequently she died as a result.— she died as a result. pat rice, it is really hard — she died as a result. pat rice, it is really hard to _ she died as a result. pat rice, it is really hard to hear— she died as a result. pat rice, it is really hard to hear that, - she died as a result. pat rice, it is really hard to hear that, and l she died as a result. pat rice, it i is really hard to hear that, and for us to understand what the russell family went through but they are not the only ones. tell us how many times that has been replicated during the course of the pandemic. this is happening day in, day out, and the _ this is happening day in, day out, and the worst thing, it's happening now still— and the worst thing, it's happening now still 18 months into this. i saw those _ now still 18 months into this. i saw those figures published today, i couldn't— those figures published today, i couldn't believe it. it has absolutely fallen off a cliff. there has been — absolutely fallen off a cliff. there has been a catastrophic cancer crush now: _ has been a catastrophic cancer crush now. and _ has been a catastrophic cancer crush now. and the — has been a catastrophic cancer crush now, and the concern is that it is in danger— now, and the concern is that it is in danger of— now, and the concern is that it is in danger of becoming an avalanche and in _ in danger of becoming an avalanche and in an— in danger of becoming an avalanche and in an unbelievable mess that can't _ and in an unbelievable mess that can't get — and in an unbelievable mess that can't get right. the figures are at an all-time — can't get right. the figures are at an all—time low, and this is before the winter— an all—time low, and this is before the winter crisis, and this is before _ the winter crisis, and this is before we _ the winter crisis, and this is before we deal with all of the backlog — before we deal with all of the backlog coming through. the service is at its _ backlog coming through. the service is at its need —— on its knees and yet we _ is at its need —— on its knees and yet we get — is at its need —— on its knees and yet we get is _ is at its need —— on its knees and yet we get is everything is fine, it's going — yet we get is everything is fine, it's going to be right. it is not. if it's going to be right. it is not. if this — it's going to be right. it is not. if this is — it's going to be right. it is not. if this is not _ it's going to be right. it is not. if this is not a wake—up call for the secretary of state to do something soon and now this, i think all backlogs — something soon and now this, i think all backlogs are awful, and i know you will— all backlogs are awful, and i know you will be — all backlogs are awful, and i know you will be dealing with the ambulance one, but when other people lloil'i ambulance one, but when other people going to _ ambulance one, but when other people going to die? it is the cancer patients— going to die? it is the cancer patients who are going to die because _ patients who are going to die because of this. one of the figures, lower— because of this. one of the figures, lower gi _ because of this. one of the figures, lower gi cancer, less than 50% of people _ lower gi cancer, less than 50% of people get— lower gi cancer, less than 50% of people get the treatment on time. this is— people get the treatment on time. this is what front line staff are seeing, — this is what front line staff are seeing, they are seeing people go through— seeing, they are seeing people go through from being curative, the delays _ through from being curative, the delays -- — through from being curative, the delays —— the delays mean they are incurable _ delays —— the delays mean they are incurable. people are dying because of this— incurable. people are dying because of this and _ incurable. people are dying because of this and nothing is being done, and yet _ of this and nothing is being done, and yet for— of this and nothing is being done, and yet for 18 months we have said things— and yet for 18 months we have said things can — and yet for 18 months we have said things can be done, front line staff have got— things can be done, front line staff have got solutions, and we are pushed — have got solutions, and we are pushed back by saying it's ok. it is a really hard _ pushed back by saying it's ok. it 3 a really hard question to answer, but did it have to be this way, do you think? do you think the chemotherapy and the cancer treatments that were life—saving or life prolonging at the least had to stop in the way that they did? there are two things. _ stop in the way that they did? there are two things, yes, _ stop in the way that they did? there are two things, yes, absolutely, it didn't— are two things, yes, absolutely, it didn't have — are two things, yes, absolutely, it didn't have to be this way. notjust the initial— didn't have to be this way. notjust the initial stop, but the lack of action— the initial stop, but the lack of action afterwards. we kept accident & emergency going, we kept obstetrics going, why didn't we prioritise — obstetrics going, why didn't we prioritise cancer and ring fence it? we have _ prioritise cancer and ring fence it? we have gone through time and time a-ain we have gone through time and time again what— we have gone through time and time again what needs doing and we are pushed _ again what needs doing and we are pushed back. nobody is taking responsibility for it, no one is taking — responsibility for it, no one is taking this seriously. there needs to be _ taking this seriously. there needs to be a _ taking this seriously. there needs to be a new— taking this seriously. there needs to be a new national cancer plan. there _ to be a new national cancer plan. there are — to be a new national cancer plan. there are so _ to be a new national cancer plan. there are so much that can be done, you can _ there are so much that can be done, you can sweep away bureaucracy, you can invest _ you can sweep away bureaucracy, you can invest. you have to do ring fenced — can invest. you have to do ring fenced investment in technology and in people _ fenced investment in technology and in people. something can be done, but if— in people. something can be done, but if you _ in people. something can be done, but if you do nothing, this gets worse — but if you do nothing, this gets worse, every day, more people die, and more _ worse, every day, more people die, and more families like kelly's's are put in _ and more families like kelly's's are put in this— and more families like kelly's's are put in this position. and this is not fair~ — put in this position. and this is not fair. not 18 months.- put in this position. and this is not fair. not 18 months. chris, i mention you — not fair. not 18 months. chris, i mention you are _ not fair. not 18 months. chris, i mention you are campaigning i not fair. not 18 months. chris, i. mention you are campaigning with catch up to cancer. what do you want to see happen? we catch up to cancer. what do you want to see happen?— to see happen? we want a plan. at the moment. _ to see happen? we want a plan. at the moment, from _ to see happen? we want a plan. at the moment, from my _ to see happen? we want a plan. at| the moment, from my perspective, to see happen? we want a plan. at - the moment, from my perspective, we have challenged the government, who said, yes, we have a plan, but it has never materialised. so what is this plan? because, from my point of view, the government�*s plan at this moment is two things. a, ignore the situation, and b, bury our heads in the sand. that is not going to do any cancer patients any good whatsoever, so we need a plan. we are told yes, it is all in hand, yes there are finances there to support this, we�*re also told great things about these diagnostic centres, which is again a wonderful thing. but it�*s not going to help patients here and now. there needs to be drastic action, or people will lose their lives. it is as simple as that. so that is what i would now say to the secretary of state for health, what is your plan, how are you going to execute it, how are you going to save lives?— you going to execute it, how are you going to save lives? now it�*s time for a look at the weather with carol kirkwood. 0h hello, again. for many of us today, it is fairly cloudy full stop any sunshine really is at a premium, but there is some sunshine across the far north of scotland, parts of southern scotland and northern england, further south, a fair bit of cloud with some spots of rain and drizzle, but it is that whether front moving further north through the day, we see some heavy rain through southern scotland and also north west england. but it is going to be mild wherever you are. by the end of the afternoon, the wind will be strengthening out towards the west, and we will see some heavy rain move across northern ireland and scotland. later rain moving across england and wales. particularly windy with exposure in the west, gusting up to 40 mph, 50 mph across shetland. another mild night to come but another wet start to the day tomorrow, especially across central and southern scotland, and also north west england. the early rain clears southern england, followed by some showers and some bright spells. brighter skies too across the far north of scotland, and windy wherever you are. this is bbc news. the headlines... paramedics warn lives are at risk — due to "unacceptably long" ambulance delays of up to nine hours for some patients. nhs waiting lists in england have reached a new record high. new figures show there were 5.83 million people waiting for treatment in september. and fw de klerk, the last white president of south africa, and a key figure in the country�*s transition to democracy, has died at the age of 85. a surprise agreement between the us and china to tackle climate change gets a cautious welcome, but activists urge both nations to show greater commitment. the husband of the jailed british—iranian woman nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe has described his hopes that talks between uk officials and iran�*s deputy foreign minister mark "a breakthrough". the duchess of sussex has apologised for misleading a court about information given by her aides to the authors of a biography. a survey of nhs leaders in england has found that staff shortages are putting patient care at risk, and pressure on the service is now at unsustainable levels. the survey was carried out by the nhs confederation, which represents the health care system. the warning comes as paramedics across the uk say lives are under threat because patients are facing unacceptably long waits for ambulances. whistle—blowers have told bbc news that some ambulance services are at breaking point. here�*s our health correspondent, sophie hutchinson. across the length and the breadth of the uk, ambulances are queuing. unable to hand over the sick and injured patients they have on board because hospitals have no room. and ambulances stuck in queues aren�*t available to attend other emergencies, leaving patients in need, waiting at home. i called an ambulance at 11:50am. and they said that they were going to send help asap. just over two weeks ago, christina found her grandmother, who lives in cheltenham spa, slumped in a chair, having a stroke. it was a blue light emergency. the ambulance should have arrived in 18 minutes. but instead, it took nearly six hours. it then queued outside hospital for an another three. it was then that an ambulance lady, i asked her how long it was going to take for my nan to get a ct, because ijust needed to know whether or not it was a stroke. and she told me, well, your nan�*s event happened last night. so we would only administer the medication that would reverse any permanent damage within that three—hour window. how did you feel? ijust broke down in tears on the floor. whistle—blowers from inside the ambulance services have told the bbc the system is at breaking point. this 999 call handler said even patients whose hearts have stopped are facing delays. there was a call for a cardiac arrest, and there was an eta in excess of 50 minutes. the nearest available crew was 50 minutes away. and this guy was in arrest. and for every minute, they say 10% of your life expectancy will decrease. that's hard. we struggle massively with the long delays. this is life threatening. and we just don't have the crews to respond like we should do. and have you got the pain i in the chest at the moment? all 14 ambulance services in the uk have escalated to the highest level of alert, and some have even gone beyond. like here at south central, which recently declared a critical incident when managers said the service had become unsafe. stuart, a paramedic, was working that night. i had a conversation with the control room, you know, in the early hours, when they said how many jobs are outstanding. how many incidents are outstanding, and i was like, oh, my god. you just sit there thinking, we�*re never, ever going to get rid of that backlog for days. for the last three months, these handlers have answered an additional 21,000 999 calls, compared to two years ago. and just before the critical incident was declared here, instead of having an average of 20 patients waiting for an ambulance, they had 120 patients waiting. they are operating right at the edge of what they can manage in order to keep patients from harm. south central has now asked the government for military support. armed forces have helped ambulance services in other parts of england, wales and scotland, and have supported hospitals in northern ireland. governments in all parts of the uk say they are aware of the challenges and are doing their best to support services. but with winter coming, the pressure is likely only to get worse. sophie hutchinson, bbc news. hospital waiting lists in england have hit another record high, according to the latest figures from the nhs. there were 5.8 million people waiting to start treatment in england at the end of september. that�*s the highest number since records began in 2007, and up from 5.7 million people waiting in august. the number of people waiting more than a year for treatment was also up slightly tojust over 300,000. 0ur health correspondent, katherine da costa, has been looking at all the data. these figures are for england. they can particularly concerning. the emergency services have experienced their busiest 0ctober emergency services have experienced their busiest october on record. more emergency services have experienced their busiest october on record. more 99 emergency services have experienced their busiest october on record. more 99 ankles emergency services have experienced their busiest october on record. more 99 ankles remained emergency services have experienced their busiest october on record. more 99 ankles remained unanswered. that is impacting performance figures. if we look at ambulance response times, category one calls for life threatening emergencies, the target time of seven minutes. last month the average response was over nine minutes. that�*s the longest time since 2017 when the definitions were changed. category two is for urgent emergencies, things like heart attacks, stroke, car accidents. the target time is 18 minutes. last month, the figures show, the average was 54 minutes. again, worst on record. 0ne show, the average was 54 minutes. again, worst on record. one in ten people were waiting two hours or more. and that is the waiting for an ambulance to get to you. then you get to a&e, and what we�*re hearing is ambulances are queueing outside departments. they can�*t off—load their patients because the beds and staff available to take them because of the pressure within a&e departments is not there. the target time is to see 95% of patients in four hours. the figures show 74% were seen in that timeframe. that is the worst on record since 2004 when that target was brought in. more than 7000 patients were waiting over 12 hours to be admitted. these are trolley waits. that is because of pressure right through the system. there is this bottleneck effect. many patients may be well enough to leave hospital but there aren�*t a social care packages in place to allow them to be taken out back into the community. so that all leads in to pressure on elective care, so as you mentioned, nonurgent operations, knee and hip replacement operations and cataract operations. that figure has been creeping up because through the pandemic because of people having to be put on hold during the first wave of the pandemic. a lot of work has been done to try and bring down some of the longest waits of those waiting longer than a year, and that is down from its peak in march but is way above the level before the pandemic which was six hundred people waiting. there are people expected to be coming forward who have been holding off during the pandemic. the government expects waiting list to get worse before they get better. fw de klerk, the last president of apartheid south africa and a key figure in the country�*s transition to a multi—racial democracy, has died. he was 85. caroline hawley looks back at his life. today we have closed the book on apartheid, and that chapter is finally closed. the force of history would have ended white supremacy in south africa eventually, but without fw de klerk, the transformation to nonracial democracy could have been a lot more painful. he saw that his country had to change, and he delivered. mr de klerk knew very well what lay behind the chaos and violence in black townships, provoked by rigid racial segregation. for years, as a minister in south africa�*s white minority government, he had helped entrench apartheid. then fw de klerk became president in 1989, replacing the last apartheid dinosaur. president de klerk�*s approach was very different. the prohibition of the african national congress, the black african congress, the south african communist party and a number of subsidiary organisations has been rescinded. applause. order. within a year, nelson mandela finally walked to freedom. fw de klerk had ordered his release and unbanned the anc. acts he knew must number his own days in power. talks to end white minority rule opened old wounds in black politics. there was terrible violence in the townships between anc and its zulu rivals. violence that was actively fomented by the white security apparatus. and white extremists too were up in arms. upset at the prospect of a black government. de klerk sensed the threat and outmanoeuvred them by offering a whites—only referendum in 1992. he craved backing and he won it. now, change was unstoppable. the world acknowledge that. in 1993, mr de klerk wasjointly awarded the nobel peace prize along with the man who would replace him as president. although nelson mandela was sometimes infuriated by fw de klerk, he called him a man of integrity. president mandela�*s inauguration in 1994 was partly a tribute to mr de klerk�*s vision. some of his former colleagues complained he�*d been opportunistic, merely seizing the moment. but he did seize the moment. never again on one inch of the soil of the republic of south africa will there ever be racial discrimination again. and so, for white south africans, fw de klerk can stand tall in history. we arejoined by we are joined by lord we arejoined by lord peter hain, former government minister under tony blair and gordon brown. he grew up tony blair and gordon brown. he grew up in pretoria and campaigned against apartheid. he campaigned here in 1969 in a way that stop the all—white cricketing from south africa from coming here —— the all—white cricket team. we can talk to him now. thank you forjoining us. just a tiny glimpse into your personal history. take us back to the moment when fw de klerk came in and your thoughts now on what followed from that. that and your thoughts now on what followed from that.— and your thoughts now on what followed from that. at that point, and of course _ followed from that. at that point, and of course my _ followed from that. at that point, and of course my childhood - followed from that. at that point, and of course my childhood was i followed from that. at that point, | and of course my childhood was in south africa, at that point in the autumn of 1989, nobody knew what was going to happen when fw de klerk became president of south africa. he had been for 20 years, as you have described, and apart had cabinet 7 during the time when the state police was mercilessly apart had rules on smashing opposition. the rules on smashing opposition. the rules were becoming increasingly restrictive in every area of life. that was his background and there was nothing on his background that could have given any hints to the crucial role he played in the transition from an old tyrannical and evil system of racial discrimination, the worlds worst in history, to a new nonracial democracy. and he deserves credit for being the standard bearers of that transition.— for being the standard bearers of that transition. what do you think led him to that _ that transition. what do you think led him to that change. _ that transition. what do you think led him to that change. at - that transition. what do you think led him to that change. at that i led him to that change. at that oint, led him to that change. at that point. his _ led him to that change. at that point, his predecessor- led him to that change. at that point, his predecessor did - led him to that change. at that point, his predecessor did not| point, his predecessor did not listen. going to government ministers like him, and saying the game is up. apart had cannot survive. all cities were increasingly ungovernable. centres of resistance of uprisings and anger against the government, and the business community were saying, look, the economy cannot survive. unemployment and inflation were rising. 0n the one hand, there was a problem and pressure from the business community which had supported apartheid for decades, and on the other hand... and then there was a decisive change in the unleashing of forces across central and eastern europe to ensure old soviet puppet regimes in east germany and poland and so on fall and be replaced as the cold war ended with mikhail gorbachev is leadership. that was a crucial turning point, because the apartheid government had always framed the debate in their language as being the positioning themselves as anti—communist. that nelson mandela�*s african nationalist party were communists. they frame the debate in that way. between the us and the soviet union and the soviets in the west. that was another motivation and change. and de klerk had the vision and the courage to make that change and do something, which was almost unprecedented or at least very unusual in history, when an elite imperiljoined a black citizen serving it and gave up that power gave up his golfers instead of white on the elections there would be a new dispensation majority, universal franchise elections. be a new dispensation majority, universalfranchise elections. it universal franchise elections. it was universalfranchise elections. it was quite a remarkable transition. and fw de klerk with nelson mandela was there way into that. in a personal _ was there way into that. in a personal sense, _ was there way into that. in a personal sense, how- was there way into that. in a personal sense, how will you remember him, and widely how would you seize legacy now? his remember him, and widely how would you seize legacy now?— you seize legacy now? his legacy is complicated — you seize legacy now? his legacy is complicated because _ you seize legacy now? his legacy is complicated because during - you seize legacy now? his legacy is complicated because during the - you seize legacy now? his legacy is| complicated because during the four years between nelson mandela being released from prison, that memorable moment when he walked to freedom, to when he became imprisoned, that�*s february 1990 and april 1994 and he was elected president, there was mild violence unleashed on nelson mandela�*s followers than at any time even under apartheid. in the decades of apartheid. that was because the all—white power structure under de klerk was still trying to cling onto the power. and so, his record is mixed in that sense, but what nobody can take away from him is his foresight. he seized the moment, he showed the colour courage and he was the figure that saw the end of apartheid and those heady days of apartheid and those heady days of apartheid democracy that back —— he showed the courage. apartheid democracy that back -- he showed the courage.— showed the courage. thank you very much forjoining _ showed the courage. thank you very much forjoining us. _ 0ur correspondent pumza fihlani is injohannesburg. how it is passing being marked there? we how it is passing being marked there? ~ . , ., there? we have seen mixed reaction which is to be _ there? we have seen mixed reaction which is to be expected _ there? we have seen mixed reaction which is to be expected from - which is to be expected from somebody like the former president de klerk. that is because we are seeing pockets of people that are remembering, if you speak for example to their black community and people in that community, they still remember him of somebody that was a member of very violent regime that saw the suppression of black people have had decades. questioning whether it was a crime against humanity, furtherfor some people humanity, further for some people created humanity, furtherfor some people created the sense that he was somebody that was an apartheid apologist even as he participated towards the end of trying to usher in democracy. you have people remembering that part of his legacy. you also have pockets, though, of people that admit that the timing of his decision tojoin people that admit that the timing of his decision to join the negotiations with president nelson mandela was crucial in winning the black mafia and saving peoples lives. they knowledge that it was a decision that would come that would share south africa out of apartheid and into the democratic era. sport and for a full round up, from the bbc sport centre, here�*s katherine downes aston villa have appointed stephen jarrod as their manager. he aston villa have appointed stephen jarrod as their manager.— aston villa have appointed stephen jarrod as their manager. he has been in charue jarrod as their manager. he has been in charge for— jarrod as their manager. he has been in charge for three _ jarrod as their manager. he has been in charge for three years. _ jarrod as their manager. he has been in charge for three years. he - in charge for three years. he replaces dean smith who was sacked on sunday he was replaced after a run of five successive defeats. earlier i asked how big a job gerard now has. it�*s earlier i asked how big a 'ob gerard now has. �* , . earlier i asked how big a 'ob gerard now has. 3 . . ,, earlier i asked how big a 'ob gerard nowhas. �*, . ., now has. it's a massive 'ob at a massive club, * now has. it's a massive 'ob at a massive club, but h now has. it's a massive 'ob at a massive club, but villa _ now has. it's a massive job at a massive club, but villa have . now has. it's a massive job at a l massive club, but villa have paid £4.5 million to get gerard down to the club and given a three .5 year deal which shows commitment. there are an established premier league squad and he will have funds to spend on the squad in the premier league. he could get off to a winning start, but he he will be looking... it is the law of the premier league, money and the chance to get into the top half of the table, i think, to get into the top half of the table, ithink, distracted in government now. table, i think, distracted in government now.- table, i think, distracted in government now. table, i think, distracted in covernment now. . ., , ., , ., government now. england tap captain joe root says — government now. england tap captain joe root says the _ government now. england tap captain joe root says the racism _ government now. england tap captain joe root says the racism scandal- government now. england tap captain joe root says the racism scandal at i joe root says the racism scandal at his home club in yorkshire has told lives apart. he has promised to support the chair. for former players have spoken publicly about their experiences and discrimination. l their experiences and discrimination. ~' .,, discrimination. i think the most imortant discrimination. i think the most important thing _ discrimination. i think the most important thing we _ discrimination. i think the most important thing we have - discrimination. i think the most important thing we have to - discrimination. i think the most| important thing we have to look discrimination. i think the most i important thing we have to look at right now is how we move forward as a sport and how we move forward as a society as well. this is deeper than cricket. i think that we need to do is address what happened and find ways of educating people, find ways of moving forward and really looking at the areas in which we as a sport and beyond can really look to better society and better the game. ben stokes has _ society and better the game. ben stokes has also _ society and better the game. ben stokes has also been seen training with the team after a six—month lay—off. kyle edmonds are set to say play his first magic for over a year, taking on the battle of the pitch in december 2018. as jaeger opens after an operation on his left kneein opens after an operation on his left knee in march. andy murray�*s band to play two singles matches at battle of brits. the event is in aberdeen the week before christmas. he is currently in action in stockholm. he plays american tommy ford. you can keep up—to—date with that and the rest of the day sports news including news of the england rugby union team to face australia. mana manu tuilagi making a bit of a surprise switch to the wing. full detailed so that squads on the website. defence secretaryjohn wallace said the three mps put their house in a difficult position. 0ur political correspondent chris mason has more on this for us. what is the latest. this was 15 mps on this flight to gibraltar the other day. all part of a scheme to ensure that mps have a decent working knowledge of how the armed forces do their thing. and this allegation, corroborated by a witness who has spoken to the bbc, has witnessed three mps, drinking in the airport lounge prior to setting up, continuing to drink on the plane out to gibraltarfor the up, continuing to drink on the plane out to gibraltar for the couple of hours that that flight takes from london and being drunk when the plane landed in gibraltar. charlotte nichols, the shadow minister, the labour mp for warrington north, she was one of those mps. she returned to the uk early. the delegation of remaining mps are still out there. i understand she had a mental health episode and returned early. and she is on heavy medication. the two snp mps have responded pretty robustly to the allegation, both saying that they regard this as a tourist smear operation because they say tory mps tried to take attention away from the swirl of allegations that have dominated headlines last week or so following 0wen paterson�*s when does resignation as an mp. the foreign secretary getting involved in all of this writing to labour and the snp saying that this posed awkward questions as far as the military were concerned as to the behaviour of parliamentarians. in the swell of all of these headlines at the moment, the conduct of mps. the surprise declaration by the us and china at the cop26 summit in glasgow, pledging to step up efforts to tackle climate change, in spite of their other differences, has been widely welcomed. the un secretary general, antonio guterres, said the crisis required international collaboration and solidarity, and this was an important step in the right direction. environmental groups have described it as a breakthrough. let�*s cross now to my colleague annita mcveigh in glasgow. good afternoon, and welcome to cop26 the un climate change summit in glasgow. it�*s officially the penultimate day, although the timetable could stretch with negotiators again working into the early hours with the aim of keeping global warming below 1.5 celsius. that�*s the point at which scientists say we�*ll see even more dangerous consequences of climate change. the cop26 president, alok sharma was giving a briefing on a short while ago. all the go he thanked all negotiators here for their efforts but said we are not there yet. he called on them to make another gear shift. iwill called on them to make another gear shift. i will be talking in a little bit about what the sticking point seemed to be. there�*s been a cautious welcome to the unexpected announcement here in glasgow from the us and china to co—operate on tackling global warming. the eu and the un described the move as an important step but said both countries needed to show more commitment. 0ur global science correspondent rebecca morelle reports. it�*s the final countdown in glasgow as the climate talks enter the last few days, and we see if enough can be done to stop dangerous climate change. last night, the prime minister boris johnson urged countries to pull out all the stops. but he also tried to manage expectations. the cop26 summit here in glasgow is not going to fix it in one go. we are not going to arrest climate change right here, right now, that is just impossible. and i think everybody has got to be realistic about that. but there is the possibility that we will come away from this with the first genuine road map for a solution to anthropogenic climate change. there are some signs of hope. china�*s top negotiator made a surprise announcement of a joint climate plan with the united states. the world�*s two biggest polluters agreed to move towards using clean energy. and they said they�*d reduce methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas, in a positive sign of cooperation. the united states and china have no shortage of differences, but on climate, on climate, cooperation is the only way to get this job done. today, countries are also joining together to announce an ambitious initiative, a plan to phase out oil and gas led by costa rica and denmark. they want nations to join them in setting a date to end their use. coal, too, responsible for half of all greenhouse gases, will also be a focus. and whether plans to stop its use make it into the final agreement. there will be much wrangling in the coming days, and sleepless nights for negotiators trying to thrash out a deal. the process at the united nations means getting nearly 200 countries to agree, each with different economies, different problems and very different agendas. rebecca morelle, bbc news, glasgow. i�*m joined now by lisa ashford who�*s the chief executive when we think about finance and climate change, it may not be as tangible as planting an area of forest land, but it is crucial to making any of the plans discussed here work and be mobilised. and that is one of the key goals of cop26. people need all the money to make all the plans a reality including adapting to the impacts and effects of climate change, especially those most climate vulnerable nations and they were of course promised lots of money previously by more wealthy developed nations, and that promise was not kept. i�*m joined now by the chief executive of earth energise africa. the clue to what you do it in the name. tell us more about energise africa.— in the name. tell us more about energise africa. absolutely. it's a leasure energise africa. absolutely. it's a pleasure to _ energise africa. absolutely. it's a pleasure to be — energise africa. absolutely. it's a pleasure to be here _ energise africa. absolutely. it's a pleasure to be here at _ energise africa. absolutely. it's a pleasure to be here at what i energise africa. absolutely. it's a pleasure to be here at what is i energise africa. absolutely. it's a j pleasure to be here at what is my first cup. let me set the context. there are over 600 million people in sub saharan africa who are yet to have access to electricity, and yet we are talking about meeting our net zero targets and heading towards a distant sustainable development goals. there is obviously a huge gap there, and the businesses that are expanding their businesses across sub—saharan africa are really key to delivering on that. that�*s where energise africa comes in. we take money from individuals, then blend it alongside individuals like uk aid so that businesses can be funded in a really fast way, so that we can get the impact that we need as soon as possible. get the impact that we need as soon as ossible. ., �* , get the impact that we need as soon as possible-— as possible. that's really interesting, _ as possible. that's really interesting, so _ as possible. that's really interesting, so you're i as possible. that's really i interesting, so you're talking as possible. that's really _ interesting, so you're talking about interesting, so you�*re talking about crowdfunding effectively and blending that with money from other sources. presumably, any one of those sources on its own would give enough finance for this project to work. enough finance for this pro'ect to work. . �* , enough finance for this pro'ect to work. . �*, , work. that's absolutely right. the thin . work. that's absolutely right. the thin is work. that's absolutely right. the thing is m _ work. that's absolutely right. the thing is i'm really _ work. that's absolutely right. the thing is i'm really heartened i work. that's absolutely right. the thing is i'm really heartened to i thing is i�*m really heartened to hear about all the finance initiatives that have come out over the last few days. but what we�*re saying is that that money often can�*t be fast enough, so our platform provides really fast accessible, flexible and affordable finance for these businesses, and we need everyone to come along on this journey with us. we need individuals, foundations, charities and governments to come together to get all of that money towards the small and medium—sized enterprises which are going to fuel this economic development and get us to where we to be. 50 economic development and get us to where we to be— where we to be. so what difference to those small _ where we to be. so what difference to those small solar _ where we to be. so what difference to those small solar businesses i to those small solar businesses make to those small solar businesses make to families, to people living in sub—saharan africa in terms of their everyday life? sub-saharan africa in terms of their everyday life?— everyday life? that's a great question- — everyday life? that's a great question. obviously - everyday life? that's a great question. obviously getting | everyday life? that's a great i question. obviously getting access question. 0bviously getting access to affordable clean energy is really important. they need lighting. but also, you canjust think important. they need lighting. but also, you can just think about all of the co—benefits that produces. children can read in the evenings and develop their education. people can have 7 people can feel safe and healthy in their homes. it gives access to entrepreneurs to be able to start their own businesses leading to more economic development, and also mobile phones and television give people the opportunity to be more financially included. and this is really important. during covid—19, education was being broadcast across tvs in africa for people who had access to electricity. that was absolutely can 7 that was absolutely critical to continue with that during this really difficult period. just finally and briefly, just adding to c02 just finally and briefly, just adding to co2 emissions, what more do you need to see in these final days of cup. what are you hoping for? i days of cup. what are you hoping for? ~ . days of cup. what are you hoping for? ~' ., ., , days of cup. what are you hoping for? ~ . ., , , for? i think we are really 'ust hoinu for? i think we are really 'ust hoping to �* for? i think we are really 'ust hoping to mobilise i for? i think we are really 'ust hoping to mobilise more i for? i think we are reallyjust i hoping to mobilise more action. so words are all very well, but we really need to see people coming together to really create real important action at speed, and i am hoping thatjust us being out on this platform this week will be a catalyst to help more peoplejoin with us to try and help people along on this journey towards net zero. lisa, thank you very much, the ceo of energise africa. words are great but they need to be followed up by actions. the final quote in that quote from alok sharma earlier as we cannot afford to fail them. the world is indeed watching. trying to figure out what�*s happening in glasgow and whether it will be enough to try to keep global average temperatures from rising beyond 1.5 celsius. much more from here throughout the rest of the day, but let�*s check out there by the how about the here and now? pretty cloudy out there at the moment. there are a few breaks in the cloud out towards the north—east in the south but some of this cloud is also rain bearing so a bit of damp weather round through this afternoon too. but very mild, 14, 15 in the south of the country, 13 degrees in northern parts of england and double figures also across the north of scotland, but here comes the loafer tomorrow. no pressure spiralling in with its winds, again, relatively mild atlantic air through tonight, so it is not going to be called by any means, 11 degrees for many towns and cities, may bejust any means, 11 degrees for many towns and cities, may be just about single figures in the east, but outbreaks of rain brought by this area of low pressure. so tomorrow will be a blustery day cross the uk, and those outbreaks of rain sweeping on that wind, up to gale force around some of these western coasts, 15 degrees in the south of the country, 12 degrees in the north, and saturday and sunday it looks, again. —— it looks calm again. hello. this is bbc news. the headlines... paramedics warn lives are at risk — due to �*unacceptably long�* ambulance delays — of up to nine hours for some patients. nhs waiting lists in england reach a new record high. new figures show there were 5.83 million people waiting for treatment in september. fw de klerk, the last white president of south africa, and a key figure in the country�*s transition to democracy, has died at the age of 85. a surprise agreement between the us and china to tackle climate change gets a cautious welcome, but activists urge both nations to show greater commitment. the husband of the jailed british—iranian woman nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe has described talks between uk officials and iran�*s deputy foreign minister as "a breakthrough". today�*s meeting comes as richard zaghari ratcliffe�*s hunger strike outside the foreign office enters its 19th day. dr sanam vakil is the deputy director of the middle east north africa programme at chatham house, where she leads project work on iran. welcome. thank you very much for joining us. what would your expectations be around these talks today? expectations be around these talks toda ? . ~' ,. expectations be around these talks toda ? ., ,, ., ., today? thank you for having me. the talks come at — today? thank you for having me. the talks come at a _ today? thank you for having me. the talks come at a very _ today? thank you for having me. the talks come at a very important i today? thank you for having me. the talks come at a very important time | talks come at a very important time really, because nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe�*s case has languished effectively, and richard ratcliffe has rightly been trying to elevate and pressure the british government to in turn make some progress in bringing her home, and this would require a payment that dates back a number of decades. so i think this is perhaps the hopeful breakthrough he is speaking about, and secondly, the talks are centred around iran�*s wish list, and demands as it returns to the negotiating table over its nuclear agreement in vienna towards the end of the month. so just vienna towards the end of the month. sojust on vienna towards the end of the month. so just on the issue of that debt, it is acknowledged as a debt by britain to iran as you mention, and this morning former foreign secretaryjeremy hunt was talking about it, saying it is time to pay it, it is practicality is not politics that are holding it back. do you think that if a way could be found to pay that debt it would unlock the situation for nazarene is a diary likely. —— nazarenes of gary —like this is what is holding up her release alongside the release hopefully of other iranian british dual nationals. she is not the only one, and hopefully all of them will be released alongside. but this requires the british to coordinate with the us government to allow for that debt to be repaid, and it probably won�*t be able to be repaid in a traditional way, because there are fears that iran might use that money and send it out into regional states to support villa, hammers or other terrorist groups. —— to support his brother. with other issues on the table, do these things get merged, is it possible to keep them as separate issues? the british covenant has been trying to keep them separate whereas the iranians strategy has been to link them up. the detention of dual nationals has been a strategy used by iranian conservatives for well over a decade now. using individuals as leverage, as pawns, to pressure governments around the world. some governments are more responsive to this pressure and have negotiated the release of their citizens, while unfortunately their citizens, while unfortunately the us government and the british government among many countries in europe have not been able to secure the release of their citizens. thank ou ve the release of their citizens. thank you very much _ the release of their citizens. thank you very much for _ the release of their citizens. thank you very much forjoining - the release of their citizens. thank you very much forjoining us. i the release of their citizens. thank| you very much forjoining us. thank you very much for “oining us. thank ou. anyone who works in a care home in england will have to be double—vaccinated against covid—19 from today, unless they are medically exempt. the health secretary sajid javid says the move is designed to make homes safer, but some in the sector have warned they could lose large numbers of employees, at a time when the industry is already struggling to recruit and retain staff. joining me now is francesca humi, the advocacy and campaigns officer at kanlungan filipino consortium, a charity working to empower filipino, east and southeast asian migrants in the uk. she believes that there has not been any consideration given to workers who will struggle to prove their vaccination status. welcome. thank you very much for joining us. tell us a bit more about your concerns on that.— your concerns on that. thanks, joanna. your concerns on that. thanks, joanna- 0ur — your concerns on that. thanks, joanna. our concerns - your concerns on that. thanks, joanna. our concerns are i your concerns on that. thanks, joanna. our concerns are that. your concerns on that. thanks, | joanna. our concerns are that a joanna. 0ur concerns are that a number of people have been vaccinated, through pop—up clinics or walk—in centres for example, without having an nhs number, so our charity hosted a number of pop—up community for undocumented migrants and others who weren�*t registered with gps could get their double jab. but now they are going to have to prove their vaccination status through the nhs covid app or by getting a certificate from the clinician or the doctor that gave them the vaccination. but without them the vaccination. but without the nhs number, they are not going to be able to generate that proof of vaccination. to be able to generate that proof of vaccination-— vaccination. sorry to come in, i mean, vaccination. sorry to come in, i mean. even — vaccination. sorry to come in, i mean, even with _ vaccination. sorry to come in, i mean, even with walk-ins i vaccination. sorry to come in, i. mean, even with walk-ins people vaccination. sorry to come in, i- mean, even with walk-ins people were mean, even with walk—ins people were given cards that said they had the vaccine. , , ., , vaccine. yes, people were given cards, vaccine. yes, people were given cards. but _ vaccine. yes, people were given cards, but based _ vaccine. yes, people were given cards, but based on _ vaccine. yes, people were given cards, but based on the - vaccine. yes, people were given i cards, but based on the information we have gotten, those cards are not sufficient proof of vaccination status. the care homes are requiring the nhs covid pass or a special certificate issued by a clinician. how many people do you think are affected by this? it is how many people do you think are affected by this?— affected by this? it is highly likely that _ affected by this? it is highly likely that thousands i affected by this? it is highly likely that thousands of i affected by this? it is highly i likely that thousands of people are going to be affected by this, obviously given the nature of the problem it is really difficult to estimate, but from the context of our organisation, we support hundreds of people every month who are undocumented, and some of them work in care homes and arguing to be facing this issue are proving their vaccination status. 50 facing this issue are proving their vaccination status.— facing this issue are proving their vaccination status. so can you 'ust exlain vaccination status. so can you 'ust explain then. fl vaccination status. so can you 'ust explain then, when i vaccination status. so can you 'ust explain then, when it i vaccination status. so can you 'ust explain then, when it comes i vaccination status. so can you just explain then, when it comes to i explain then, when it comes to people being undocumented but they are working in care homes, how, i mean, if they are working in care homes, presumably they are here legitimately, why are they undocumented, what is the situation? they might be undocumented because they came here with a valid visa or valid leave to remain and then their situation changed, and they weren�*t able to renew their immigration papers or their visa. and they go into work that is where they are needed, including care homes or in private households, and they fell in that gap in the markets. i think what is important to focus on is more that people should be able to access... y �* more that people should be able to access... , �* , more that people should be able to access... y �* , y more that people should be able to access... y �* , , ., access... sorry, i'm 'ust trying to understand h access... sorry, i'm 'ust trying to understand then i access... sorry, i'mjust trying to understand then what _ access... sorry, i'mjust trying to understand then what the - access... sorry, i'm just trying to i understand then what the situation is, are you saying that there are people who are basically illegally working in care homes? yes. people who are basically illegally working in care homes? yes, there are people — working in care homes? yes, there are people who _ working in care homes? yes, there are people who are _ working in care homes? yes, there are people who are working - working in care homes? yes, there are people who are working in i working in care homes? yes, there are people who are working in care j are people who are working in care homes who, because of the hostile environment policy, don�*t have a right to work, because under the government�*s hostile environment policy people without valid leave to remain are not permitted to work, but they are still being employed by care homes. 50 but they are still being employed by care homes-— care homes. so it is going to be a very completed — care homes. so it is going to be a very completed picture, - care homes. so it is going to be a very completed picture, then, i care homes. so it is going to be a very completed picture, then, it i care homes. so it is going to be a| very completed picture, then, it is notjust very completed picture, then, it is not just as a very completed picture, then, it is notjust as a tasting —— ascertaining the vaccine status that will be an issue with people working in the care homes going forward, i mean, that kind of shines a light on what has been happening, does it come in terms of the labour market? yes, it shines a light on the amount of pressure on care homes, and the shortage in the workforce. and i think we need to make sure that also migrants who are working in delivering primary care for vulnerable populations are able to access that primary health care themselves because currently undocumented migrants are not able to access nhs services. it is very difficult for them to register with a gp. i work with people who have been living in the uk for over a decade and have not seen a doctor at all in that time period. some undocumented migrants have even died from covid—19 because they haven�*t been able to access the medical care they need in order to cope with the pandemic. so we really need to be focusing on making sure that health care is accessible to all in this country. especially during a pandemic. it isjust country. especially during a pandemic. it is just another example of how the government�*s immigration policy makes no sense from a public health perspective.— health perspective. thank you for “oininn health perspective. thank you for joining us- _ a student from lancashire has been found guilty of murdering his step—grandmother three years after an inquest ruled it had been an accident. preston crown court heard that 21—year—old tiernan darnton confessed to the killing during a game of truth or dare with his friends. let�*s cross to fiona trott at preston crown court. that is what is remarkable about this court case, that for years it was believed mary gregory�*s death was believed mary gregory�*s death was accidental, there was a fire at her home in lancashire, she was found crouched under a table in her bungalow and taken to hospital, and she died four days later. there was an investigation at the time and the fire service believe that the fire was caused by a discarded cigarette. an inquest ruled that the death was accidental, but then later, tiernan darnton, herstep accidental, but then later, tiernan darnton, her step grandson who was 17 at the time, was playing a game of truth or dare with his friends and he told them he had a dark secret. he said i have a secret i haven�*t told anyone. i may have killed someone. and they pressed him on this, and he said that he started the fire because he didn�*t want his stepgrandmother to suffer any longer from dementia. now, after that, the court also heard that he told a counsellor a year later that he also started the fire. but during this trial at preston crown court, tiernan darnton�*s lawyer said he made the confession to his friends because it was a misguided attempt to impress them, and he said the omission he made no the admission he made to the council was pure fiction. we also heard that tiernan darnton�*s stepfather, mrs gregory�*s own son, said the student had been suffering from depression for a number of years and was plagued by intrusive and disturbing thoughts. but today, the jury found him intrusive and disturbing thoughts. but today, thejury found him guilty of murder. he is due to be sentenced on friday full stop— on friday full stop thank you, fiona. the headlines on bbc news... paramedics warn lives are at risk — due to �*unacceptably long�* ambulance delays — with waits of up to nine hours for some patients. and the former south african president fw de klerk — a key player in the country�*s transition to democracy — has died at the age of 85. a surprise agreement between the us and china to tackle climate change gets a cautious welcome — but activists urge both nations to show greater commitment. the duchess of sussex has apologised, for misleading a court about information given by her aides to the authors of a biography. meghan markle sued the publisher of the mail on sunday over five articles. in her witness statement, the duchess apologised and said that she did not intend to mislead the court about the role of her aide in providing information to the authors of the unauthorised biography. the hearing this morning has focused on a distinction between what was intended to be public information and what was intended to be private. we know that earlier this year, the duchess of sussex was successful in her claim against the mail on sunday. a court ruled that it was an unlawful publication of that letter from meghan markle to her father. the newspaper�*s lawyers are trying to have that decision overturned. they believe that it is possible that part of the content of that letter was possibly intended for public consumption. the key thing that we are hearing over the last couple of days is about what information was shared and how much she knew it was being shared. previously, the sussexes have said, a spokesperson said, that the couple did not share any information, did not contribute to a biography called finding freedom. however, yesterday, in court, a witness, a senior aide to the duchess said that, actually, there were a number of meetings, both in person and over e—mail, about that publication, that the duchess of sussex had shared information and points to be shared with the authors. so, there is a contrast in those two accounts. now, as you say, the duchess of sussex has been very clear that she did not intend to mislead the court. she says that she forgot about the way that that information was shared. she understands that she did share with her aide, but she didn�*t know fully the context in which it was shared. so that is the focus of discussion at the moment. she also gives a bit of background in court in her witness statement, saying, at the time, she could have declared those e—mails. she was going through a very difficult time. she was in the later stages of pregnancy. she had suffered a miscarriage, which of course was very distressing, and she was being advised to avoid stress by her medical advisers. she gives that background, but she apologises for the omission, and says it was not intentional. where do things go from here? how much longer does this hearing go on for? this afternoon, we expect more detail to be looked at. it is very detailed and complicated. it is not a straightforward judgment. and whatever the judgment, it will have implications, notjust in this case, but for other cases, too. so, when it comes, it will be very significant. perhaps it won�*t be that straightforward, but certainly a very important issue. communities around the uk have come together to commemorate armistice day, after last year�*s ceremonies were disrupted by the pandemic. a two—minute silence was held to mark the 11th hour, of the 11th day, of the 11th month, when fighting ceased in the first world war. the duchess of cornwall laid a cross amid poppies outside westminster abbey, as people all over the country remembered those who died in conflict. spacex has launched four more astronauts on a flight to the international space station. the dragon capsule blasted off from nasa�*s kennedy space center in florida last night and is expected to dock at the station after 22 hours. the mission was delayed for nearly two weeks because of poor weather and medical concerns. nasa didn�*t give any details but said all the astronauts were healthy and ready for a six—month stay at the space station. the company has now launched four crewed flights for nasa in the past 17 months. rising sea levels are one of the most significant consequences of climate change. now, a study of a restored coastal marsh in scotland has shown the issue could have some benefits if managed correctly. 0ur science correspondent victoria gill has more. digging into a changing environment. in an area that is surrounded by scotland�*s coal mining past and its industrial present, there is a transformation happening beneath our feet. just three years ago, this area was re—engineered to bring the coastal wetland back to its natural state. you breach the course of the fences and let the water back in, but within two or three years, we were seeing salt marsh plants reappear and we are now three years down the line, and you know, it is all salt marsh. and at that point, we kind of stepped back and let nature do its thing, and we are seeing the wildlife respond, so birds are using it at high tide, we see lots of deer, hares in the spring. as well as a diverse wetland habitat, this marsh has become a natural tool in the fight to reduce emissions of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. a natural tool in ourfight to reduce emissions of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. marsh land plants absorb one of those key planet warming gases, carbon dioxide, which then becomes buried in the mud. yes. that's a big one. this is some of the most organic—rich soil can find in the uk, compared to agricultural land, forestry land. so we will wrap this up in clingfilm, just so it holds its shape and we take it back to the university of st andrews and we have a laboratory there and we will perform a couple of experiments using a couple of different machines, different equipment, just to kind of measure the different levels of carbon within the layers of the core here. the scientists studying this site say it�*s revealing a way to work with nature to manage one of the inevitable impacts of climate change — sea—level rise. i think the threats of sea level rise are very serious, and we need to be reimagining our coastlines where we can. and i think where there are positive opportunities, particularly for nature, we should be thinking about sea rise as an opportunity for coastal wetland habitat creation. we can see a source of greenhouse gas emissions from here, from the fossil fuel industry. there is grangemouth refineryjust in the distance and we still need to slash emissions but making space for natural stores of carbon, places like this that suck carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, will help us rebalance that. allowing the sea to reclaim this stretch of land has provided a glimpse of how we can help nature to help us tackle the climate crisis. victoria gill, bbc news. the theme of the day at cop26 is cities and the built environment. so, how are we going to heat our homes in the future? there are plenty of alternatives out there: hydrogen will play some role, as will district heating systems. even using heat from underground rocks, or excess heat from nuclear power stations. but the government is putting most of its faith in heat pumps. 0ur reality check correspondent chris morris explains. the vast majority of homes in the uk are still heated by natural gas, but that�*s going to have to change pretty fast, if targets for combating climate change are going to be met. now, this is the government cosmic plan. no new built homes should be heated by gas or oil boilers after 2025 and the aim is to phase out the sale of gas boiler is altogether a decade later. so what about the millions of homes that already have gas? there are a number of possible alternatives, top of the list, heat pumps. they take heat either from the air from the ground or water, and this is an air source pump, and it basically sucks in outdoor air, and it passes that air over refrigerant fluids, which are squeezed together to produce heat. it's squeezed together to produce heat. it�*s a bit like a fridge, but the other way round, and that heat is then sent to radiators and water tanks. all of this runs on electricity, and as long as that comes from renewable sources, heat pumps don�*t rely at all on fossil fuels, which emit harmful greenhouse gases. here is the view of someone who installs them. 50 gases. here is the view of someone who installs them.— who installs them. so though they are more expensive _ who installs them. so though they are more expensive to _ who installs them. so though they are more expensive to purchase i who installs them. so though they i are more expensive to purchase than are more expensive to purchase than a gas _ are more expensive to purchase than a gas boiler, — are more expensive to purchase than a gas boiler, you can get immediate savings _ a gas boiler, you can get immediate savings from having a heat pump installed — savings from having a heat pump installed. but savings from having a heat pump installed. �* . ~ savings from having a heat pump installed. �* . ,, ., savings from having a heat pump installed. �* . ~ ., ., installed. but take a look at the numbers. _ installed. but take a look at the numbers, roughly _ installed. but take a look at the numbers, roughly 1.7 _ installed. but take a look at the numbers, roughly 1.7 million i installed. but take a look at the | numbers, roughly 1.7 million gas boilers were installed of the uk in 2019. in comparison, only 35,000 heat pumps were installed. 0ne industry estimate says that might just about have doubled this year, but the government wants 600,000 heat pumps fitted every year by 2028, and climate experts say it should be a lot more than that, so there needs to be a pretty dramatic increase, and good insulation in our homes is really important to make them work effectively. that is a big challenge for the uk�*s ageing stock of housing. challenge for the uk's ageing stock of housina. . ., challenge for the uk's ageing stock of housina. . . , ,, challenge for the uk's ageing stock of housin.. ., ., , , , ., of housing. having heat pumps in a home that is _ of housing. having heat pumps in a home that is poorly _ of housing. having heat pumps in a home that is poorly insulated i of housing. having heat pumps in a home that is poorly insulated is i home that is poorly insulated is like buying a teapot with cracks in it. like buying a teapot with cracks in it it _ like buying a teapot with cracks in it it is _ like buying a teapot with cracks in it. it is inefficient, leaky and a waste — it. it is inefficient, leaky and a waste of— it. it is inefficient, leaky and a waste of money. so absolutely alongside this heat pump strategy we should _ alongside this heat pump strategy we should have had a comprehensive local authority led street by street insulation— local authority led street by street insulation programme that many of us have been— insulation programme that many of us have been calling for four years. so a have been calling for four years. s: a hu-e have been calling for four years. sr a huge investment will be required, and the government grant to help establish heat pumps was scrapped earlier this year after just a establish heat pumps was scrapped earlier this year afterjust a few months. a new scheme has now been announced in england and wales, starting in april next year. with grants of up to £5,000 per household for three years, and a promise that installing a heat pump will cost about the same as putting a gas boiler in. but critics say it is nowhere near ambitious enough and will only cover a maximum of 90,000 homes. the bottom line is that the technology we used to heat our homes shouldn�*t emit greenhouse gases, and the hope is that as all these technologies scale up, the costs will come down. aston villa have appointed rangers manager steven gerrard as head coach. the former england and liverpool midfielder replaces dean smith, who was sacked earlier this week. villa are thought to have paid rangers £4.5 million in compensation and have appointed gerrard on a three and a half year deal. gerrard led rangers to their first scottish premiership title in ten years last season. a new species of dinosaur with an unusually large nose has been discovered by a retired doctor. the remains of the brighstoneus simmondsi were found on the isle of wight in 1978 — they�*d been in storage until drjeremy lockwood decided to reconstruct the skull of the animal and realised the bones belonged to an undiscovered species. it�*s the bbc news at one with martine croxall shortly, but first it�*s time for a look at the weather with tomasz. hello. for the rest of the day for most of us there is actually not an awful lot of change in the weather. it is going to stay cloudy out there, my old, a little bit of dampness around too, some of that cloud is taken up today to produce rain but the real story is just how mild it is, and it has been marred for quite some time now, this is not going to change in the next few days. we will keep seeing this mild atlantic air arriving. this is the low pressure that will bring us the more blustery weather tomorrow, so the low pressure is just to the west of us right now. in fact it is here. this is where the centre of the low is, where the gale force winds are, head of it is a cold front moving across ireland eventually into northern ireland this evening ahead of it we have that increase in cloud and some of it thick enough to bring some rain. for example in south—western scotland and the lake district this afternoon. tonight then here comes the lower, it barrels in, this is the cold front here, now often behind the cold front, the air is colder. that�*s why it�*s called a cold front. but actually not necessarily on this occasion. this is still quite mild atlantic air, blustery weather moving in, so the temperatures are not going to drop tonight, 11 degrees first in the morning, across many western areas, so the low pressure moves across the uk, it brings outbreaks of rain but you can see the bits and pieces of rain being pushed quite swiftly by that wind and it will be strong around some western coasts, gusting to 15 mph in places. we will feel the strength of the wind in the land as well. mild, 15 in london, double figures further north too and then the forecast, friday night into saturday, the lower pulls away, in fact it sort of loses its impact, and in its place, briefly, high pressure builds in from the south. so that means that saturday is going to be much calmer. it is going to be a generally dry day, with some sunny spells. again, it is going to be mild, the mid—teens are quite possible across the south of the country. in the north, around 11 or 12. and i think sunday is going to be fairly similar too. again, generally dry weather, generally mild weather, and this calm, mild weather lasts through monday and tuesday, but from wednesday onwards i think the winds will pick up again and we will see bouts of rain coming off the atlantic later next week. bye—bye. paramedics tell the bbc lives are at risk because patients face unacceptably long waits for ambulances. emergency call—outs for heart attacks and strokes are taking nearly three times as long as they should in england. we struggle massively with the long delays — this is life threatening, and we just don�*t have the crews to respond like we should do. we�*ll have more on the bbc investigation that uncovered these findings. the uk�*s economic growth slows as supply chain problems hit the recovery. the duchess of sussex apologises to a court for making a misleading statement in her privacy case against a national newspaper. south africa�*s last white president, fw de klerk, a key figure in the country�*s transition to democracy, has died aged 85.

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