hello and welcome to the final day of the world leaders summit at cop26. two major deals have been approved today — a pledge to stop and reverse deforestations by 2030 — significantly that includes brazil, where vast areas of rainforest have been cut down and burned in recent years. more on that later. the second major deal — signed — by more than 100 countries — is a pledge to cut emissions of methane gas — a major contributor to global warming. the plan is to cut emissions by nearly a third by 2030. less encouraging is that three of the countries responsible for the highest level of emissions — russia, china and india are not part of this agreement. 0ur science correspondent rebecca morelle has the details. from emissions from cows to rubbish rotting in landfill sites and flares from oil and gas, methane is escaping into the atmosphere. but today, more than 100 countries agreed to cut the gas by 30% in a deal brokered by the united states and the eu. we have to cut emissions first. and methane is one of the glasses we can cut fastest. doing that will immediately slow down climate change. methane is an important greenhouse gas, making up about 20% of global emissions. it's extremely potent and has caused about 50% of current global warming. cutting all methane by a third by 2030 would reduce global temperatures by about .3 degrees by 2040. tackling methane from the oil and gas industry will be a priority. the easiest way to reduce emissions is to plug any leaks. you can't see methane unless you use a special camera like this one. it's a colourless, odourless gas. but because it doesn't last for very long in the atmosphere, if you cut methane emissions now, you make a big difference fast. it's why reducing methane is seen as one of the easier climate fixes. but there will be challenges. agriculture, including rice production, is one of the biggest emitters of methane. solving that will be much harder. the countries who've signed up to this deal account for about half of global methane emissions. but there are some notable absences — namely china, russia and india — who haven't come on board. to achieve this 30% global target, we will need them to step up. but having more than 100 countries on board, including some of the largest emitters, and covering the vast majority of globally traded natural gas is a very big deal. this shows the levels of methane being released all around our planet. now, for the first time, there's a target to cut the greenhouse gas. at a conference trying to stop temperatures from rising above safe limits, this is a significant step for the world. rebecca morelle, bbc news, glasgow. in north america, one major source of methane emissions isn't new oil wells, its old ones — what are called orphaned wells, some of them up to 100 years old. an oil executive names curtis shuck decided to set up a non—profit organisation to cap these old wells and stop them leaking methane and other gases into the air. he has quite ofjob of work in front of him though, there are over 3 million orphaned wells across the us alone. let's bring in curtis. curtis, it is lovely to talk to you. just talk to us about these wells. how much oil comes out of these orphaned while? are they leaking methane around—the—clock? are they leaking methane around-the-clock?- are they leaking methane around-the-clock? well, it's interesting. _ around-the-clock? well, it's interesting, many _ around-the-clock? well, it's interesting, many of - around-the-clock? well, it's interesting, many of these i around-the-clock? well, it's - interesting, many of these orphaned wells are and what we refer to as a stripper field, wells are and what we refer to as a stripperfield, orare wells are and what we refer to as a stripper field, or are at the end of their life cycle, so they are really not producing any oil, if any at all, orvery not producing any oil, if any at all, or very small not producing any oil, if any at all, orvery smallamounts, but not producing any oil, if any at all, or very small amounts, but they tend to leak methane, and some of them some very staggering numbers, so it is an exciting project that we are working on. so it is an exciting pro'ect that we are working omh are working on. who pays for the ro'ect are working on. who pays for the preject that _ are working on. who pays for the preject that you _ are working on. who pays for the project that you are _ are working on. who pays for the project that you are running? - are working on. who pays for the project that you are running? is i are working on. who pays for the l project that you are running? is at the company that has left the orphaned well behind? is it the taxpayer? orphaned well behind? is it the taxa er? , , taxpayer? often times, the company that has left — taxpayer? often times, the company that has left the _ taxpayer? often times, the company that has left the well— taxpayer? often times, the company that has left the well behind - taxpayer? often times, the company that has left the well behind is - that has left the well behind is nowhere to be found. they have gone bankrupt, out of business, they are gone. they become words of the state, and therefore being referred to as orphaned wells. we don't receive a single dollar of taxpayer money, so the work that our foundation does is supported 100% from donations, corporate sponsors and what a rewarding opportunity to be able to get out there and really make a difference in one while at a time. make a difference in one while at a time, ,., make a difference in one while at a time. ,., ., , make a difference in one while at a time. ., , ., . ., time. so, some of this finance that is bein: time. so, some of this finance that is being arranged _ time. so, some of this finance that is being arranged here _ time. so, some of this finance that is being arranged here in _ time. so, some of this finance that is being arranged here in glasgow, | is being arranged here in glasgow, are you looking at the negotiations and thinking, you know what, we could deal with a bit of that? we are could deal with a bit of that? - are fortunate to be working with people on our really ground—breaking carb and methodology that would help to underwrite some of this work. it's kind of like in all of the above strategy. there is not a single silver bullet to solving climate change, but this certainly is a step in the right direction and being able to use some innovative finance to help us scale up i'll stop it will be just amazing. tell stop it will be 'ust amazing. tell us about the — stop it will be just amazing. tell us about the technology that you use to capture this methane that's leaking? to capture this methane that's leakin: ? , , ., ., ., leaking? interestingly enough, a lot ofthe leaking? interestingly enough, a lot of the technology _ leaking? interestingly enough, a lot of the technology we _ leaking? interestingly enough, a lot of the technology we use _ leaking? interestingly enough, a lot of the technology we use is - leaking? interestingly enough, a lot of the technology we use is really i of the technology we use is really the industry standard. the biggest issue for assays identifying those super emitters and being able to measure them over period of time so that we can tell what that emission level as. we work closely with the industry to utilise crews and equipment and to plug and abandoned knees orfan oil and gas equipment and to plug and abandoned knees or fan oil and gas wells. equipment and to plug and abandoned knees orfan oil and gas wells. in equipment and to plug and abandoned knees or fan oil and gas wells. in a manner that's been proven over decades, so we are embellishing on that, improving on that, but it is nice to have that support that the industry for the work that we are doing. industry for the work that we are doinu. �* , , , ., industry for the work that we are doinu. h , ., doing. it's interesting you say that it's the industry _ doing. it's interesting you say that it's the industry standard. - doing. it's interesting you say that it's the industry standard. so - doing. it's interesting you say that it's the industry standard. so the i it's the industry standard. so the technology as they are, the companies cut in play that technology themselves, but they refused to do that. joe biden today has talked about the environment protection agency and america putting tighter regulations in place. i suppose the frustration for many people looking on is that that regulation was around in 2016 and it was abandoned by donald trump. so it is really regulation that is being reinvented. is really regulation that is being reinvented-_ is really regulation that is being reinvented. you now, i think for man of reinvented. you now, i think for many of the _ reinvented. you now, i think for many of the companies, - reinvented. you now, i think for many of the companies, there l reinvented. you now, i think for| many of the companies, there is reinvented. you now, i think for. many of the companies, there is an opportunity here to do the right thing. a lot of times, this kind of becomes a maintenance issue or a good housekeeping issue will, you know, that opportunity is there. it's not quantum physics. it's really like plumbing to be able to tighten things up and put new gaskets on. so, you know, it is kind of, again, one of those scenarios, like conserving energy. the best way to conserve energy is to turn the lights off, start there. i think there is a lot that can be done in there is a lot that can be done in the industry is doing quite a bit right now, and i think we are going to see them really stepping up. so this is an exciting time to many think the message really should be that we need to do something, we need to take action, and if we all do our part, we will make a really big difference. it is do our part, we will make a really big difference.— do our part, we will make a really big difference. it is good work that ou are big difference. it is good work that you are doing. _ big difference. it is good work that you are doing, curtis, _ big difference. it is good work that you are doing, curtis, thank - big difference. it is good work that you are doing, curtis, thank you i big difference. it is good work that| you are doing, curtis, thank you for coming on the programme. we hope that you get the finance that you need. . «a that you get the finance that you need. . ~', ,., . that you get the finance that you need. . . , ., with me is mark campanale — founder of carbon tracker — a think tank which looks at how capital markets can invest in low carbon. i know you have done a lot of work on orfan i know you have done a lot of work on or fan wells. i know you have done a lot of work on orfan wells. i think i know you have done a lot of work on or fan wells. i think you presented to the senate on this very issue. how big a problem as it? the roblem issue. how big a problem as it? the problem is — issue. how big a problem as it? tue: problem is huge. issue. how big a problem as it? tte: problem is huge. you issue. how big a problem as it? tt2 problem is huge. you have got all of these orphaned well�*s and not taking any response ability cleaning them up. the announcement is to be about them, but the question remains, who will pay for the queen of? will it be the companies whose wells they wear, or are still on them, or will it be the taxpayer is not our view is that the companies should cover the cost. in theory, companies should put aside what's called a bond to cover the cost of the retirement and cleaning it up. but typically, it barely covers more than five or 10% of the real cost of decommissioning. the rest, who will pick up that bell? it's often on the shareholders, it's often the citizen in the taxpayer. you shareholders, it's often the citizen in the taxoayer-— in the taxpayer. you heard curtis the are in the taxpayer. you heard curtis they are saying _ in the taxpayer. you heard curtis they are saying that _ in the taxpayer. you heard curtis they are saying that we - in the taxpayer. you heard curtis they are saying that we can - in the taxpayer. you heard curtis they are saying that we can do i in the taxpayer. you heard curtis they are saying that we can do it| they are saying that we can do it just a little bit of that money. let's talk about finance, because there is a big demonstration, a big announcement coming tomorrow, and thatis announcement coming tomorrow, and that is to deal with the work that mark kohn is doing. he calls it the glasgow financial alliance for net zero, g fans, which is an awful acronym, but the money that he is gathering is significant. imilli acronym, but the money that he is gathering is significant.— gathering is significant. will be in the tens of trillions _ gathering is significant. will be in the tens of trillions of _ gathering is significant. will be in the tens of trillions of dollars. . gathering is significant. will be in the tens of trillions of dollars. it | the tens of trillions of dollars. it is probably the most significant coordinated group of banks and financial institutions that can connect to net zero, now, what they mean by that is notjust the banks themselves becoming neck to the air, but the clients that they land too. they will have to change the way they lend, invest, it has the potential to be transformative. when you get to over 100,000,000,000,000, it is beginning to look like real money. it is beginning to look like real mone . ~ 2, it is beginning to look like real mone. . ,. ., ., it is beginning to look like real mone.2 . ,. ., ., money. what percentage of the world's finance _ money. what percentage of the world's finance is _ money. what percentage of the world's finance is now - money. what percentage of the world's finance is now behind i money. what percentage of the| world's finance is now behind us money. what percentage of the - world's finance is now behind us net zero initiative?— zero initiative? well, committee credible thing _ zero initiative? well, committee credible thing is _ zero initiative? well, committee credible thing is it _ zero initiative? well, committee credible thing is it has _ zero initiative? well, committee credible thing is it has got - zero initiative? well, committee credible thing is it has got to - zero initiative? well, committee credible thing is it has got to be| credible thing is it has got to be getting close to around a third of the world's investable assets and bank loans and bonds and equities. i mean, it is a fantastic commitment, but, of course, the devil is in the detail. it's actually how they changed the way they invest, and we have built an industrial system over 200 years. it's usually a complex. if we are going to reduce emissions ijy if we are going to reduce emissions by 50% over ten years, i mean, we are talking about turning over the entire global economy, and that is going to be expensive, difficult and challenging. you going to be expensive, difficult and challenauin. ., ., going to be expensive, difficult and challenauin. ., . , going to be expensive, difficult and challenging-— going to be expensive, difficult and challenauin. ., . , , challenging. you are staying with us for a duration _ challenging. you are staying with us for a duration of— challenging. you are staying with us for a duration of the _ challenging. you are staying with us for a duration of the programme, i challenging. you are staying with us. for a duration of the programme, and we have so much to get into over the course of the next hour. i want to talk about how that finance is directed and the sort of investments that it can turn to. let's talk about the president of china, because he is not here, and he sent someone in his place. this man, this man, xie zhenhua, china's veteran special envoy for climate change — he has so far stuck to china's pledge to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and to reach carbon neutrality before 2060. and today he pushed back against calls for the un climate conference to aim to limit global temperature rises to 1.5 centrigrade, saying "if we only focus on 1.5, we are destroying consensus and many countries would demand a reopening of the negotiations," he said. in the last few months china has been dealing with widespread power cuts due, at least in part, to record prices forfossilfuel imports — but on sunday china said it has increased domestic daily coal production by over one million tonnes — easing an energy shortage that was hitting its economy, but adding to the risk of catastrophic global warming. one of the things that's happened on the sidelines is that america's come back to the high ambition coalition, which built the paris deal, which is a big thing, because you have the biggest economy, the second biggest emitter now back at the table for the rest of the two weeks. but china is not on the playing field as bryce johnson said today. can we do what we need to do and keep 1.5 alive without the president of china here? let's have a look at the economics. it's clear that actually, renewables are now cheaper in most parts of the world than coal fired power generation, and the economics has changed. the costs is down by 80% over the last ten years, the cost of coal is down by 1% over that time period. so renewables is going to try them. it's reallyjust a matter of timing, and china as filling out of timing, and china as filling out of vast amounts of clean renewable technology. it's whether they can build a fast enough, that's a matter of political will and getting the policy. it's not about technology commits about that a plaintiff capital. you have to remember with the road initiative, they said they were going to build out the infrastructure and there was a real worry that they were going to be exporting coal fire power to other countries, vietnam, laos, other places, and what they announced is a rollback. they were going to cancel that foreign lending for that china was doing for burning more fossil fuels. it's become a domestic problem, command the president really, we believe that he is really committed to this net zero target. i think the other significant thing that's happened command i have to ask about this before we move on is india increasing from about 150 gb to 450 gb of clean energy by 2030. a lot of people are focused on the 2070 -- �*205 the lot of people are focused on the 2070 —— �*20s the neck realistically, it's immaterial, they are moving so significantly towards renewables in the next decade. india is going through an historical clean revolution. they are not adapting the western path, they are displacing fossil fuels where they can and putting in place renewables, and with china and india, of course, the us committed to it, we can keep 1.5 alive. here we are with cop26. people forget that this is a treaty that doesn't mention fossil fuels. the words coal, oil and gas and fossilfuels are there the words coal, oil and gas and fossil fuels are there nowhere in the treaty can i get the climate change problem is primarily one about burning fossil fuels. it's a bit like debating giving up smoking but not being allowed to talk about cigarettes. so a bit of a challenge in the way that the cop26 is structured, the way that treaty is structured, the way that treaty is structured. it doesn't deal with fossil fuels, is structured. it doesn't deal with fossilfuels, that's is structured. it doesn't deal with fossil fuels, that's why citizens from the global south, the campaign areas, the people in the street are saying, "you have really got to tackle head the supply problem." we are going to spend $1,000,000,000,000 on building more renewables, more fossil fuels, $1,000,000,000,000 on building more renewables, more fossilfuels, that are not needed in the 1.5 scenario. so to get the finance rate, we have to as it were, cut with both sides of the scissor. we have to cut demands for fossil fuels and build demands for fossil fuels and build demands for fossil fuels and build demands for renewables. what i worry about what some of these financial commitments is it's a bit like somebody saying i have had a salad for lunch, then eating ten burgers in the afternoon and telling the world they are on a diet. you have really got to belt, you have got to cut fossil fields and build renewables at the same time. you have outed — renewables at the same time. you have outed me _ renewables at the same time. you have outed me on _ renewables at the same time. you have outed me on my television. thank you very much for that for the moment. stay with us on bbc news, still to come: the parrot playing peekaboo with cctv operators as it perches on a traffic camera. some lighter news on the way. i have watched this morning, actually. —— i have watched this all morning, actually. investigators believe — one of the trains involved in the crash in a tunnel outside salisbury on sunday night — went past a red signal, as its wheels slipped on the rails after the driver tried to break. 14 people were taken to hospital following the accident — when both trains came off the track. will glennon reports. both trains from sunday's crash are still in the tunnel where they came to rest. as the investigation continues, we have had the latest preliminary findings. this is the picture of events that we know. the great western train from portsmouth approached the tunnel on a curve from the south. approaching from the east, the south western train from london. it passed two signals at danger, one yellow, one red. now, as the great western train crossed the junction in front of the tunnel, it was struck by the south western train in the middle. the force of the impact caused both trains to come off the rails and they were then forced into the tunnel together. so, the main focus now is why the south western service failed to stop at the red light signal. initial evidence indicates the south western train driver applied the brakes as it approached the junction and the red signal but the train was unable to stop before passing the signal. this evidence also suggests the most likely cause of this was wheel slide and almost certainly the result of low adhesion between the train wheels and the track. we are continuing to pursue this line of investigation amongst a number of others. the driver of the south western train is still in hospital. his injuries are not thought to be as serious as first feared. but today's findings also suggest he did try to stop the train. the weather had been poor and with it being autumn there were leaves on the line making it slippery. although brazil is backing the deforestation deal, tree clearance has soared to a 12 year high under president bolsonaro. it means the amazon rainforest — one of the world s greatest defences againstclimate change ? is under growing attack. from hon—don—iya state in the brazilian amazon our international correspondent, 0rla guerin reports. the amazon dream — a forest haven combating climate change. but the reality can look like this. no more tree canopy, the land stripped bare for planting crops. we were shown how easy it is to plunder the amazon, just one man and a chainsaw. campaigners say illegal loggers have a green light from president jair bolsonaro. they accuse him of carving up environmental protections and fuelling climate change. miguel isn't worried about the planet, he's worried about his family. his handiwork, seen from above. every tree that falls here releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. by night, specialist police are on the lookout for crimes against the forest. illegal logging is big business, there's a rainforest mafia. the timber can wind up in europe or the us. this load is legal, but sergeant robertson says he is fighting a losing battle. and about an hour's drive away, ritual destruction. every year vast areas are cleared by slashing and burning. the heat is building now and there is a falling in the air. no attempt has been made to hide this. it is at the side of a busy road. and when fires like this happen here it is not the work of nature, it is the work of man. in the global fight against climate change, this is one more loss. and here too, lost ground. more wild west than wild amazon. cattle farming is driven by global demand for brazilian beef and backed by president jair bolsonaro. henato hammos is a second—generation rancher. he says the forest is a living, not a fairy tale. but we got a very different perspective from this activist. she has spent her life defending the rainforest and its indigenous peoples, or trying to. this rich but fragile ecosystem is changing its colours. deforestation means the rainforest in brazil now emits more carbon than it stores. the message from here is a distress signal. 0rla guerin, bbc news, in the amazon rainforest. do you trust, mark, president boss in our�*s commitment that he is meeting at the summit? you in our's commitment that he is meeting at the summit? you have to look at what — meeting at the summit? you have to look at what people _ meeting at the summit? you have to look at what people do _ meeting at the summit? you have to look at what people do now - meeting at the summit? you have to look at what people do now but - meeting at the summit? you have to look at what people do now but they| look at what people do now but they say and what should be happening, clearly, is that indigenous people should be getting their rights back to their own land. == should be getting their rights back to their own land.— should be getting their rights backj to their own land._ a to their own land. -- bolsonaro. a lot of this — to their own land. -- bolsonaro. a lot of this isn't _ to their own land. -- bolsonaro. a lot of this isn't actually _ to their own land. -- bolsonaro. a lot of this isn't actually mapped, l lot of this isn't actually mapped, so, now, idon't lot of this isn't actually mapped, so, now, i don't trust it. his political constituency or cattle ranchers. so it's difficult to believe that you can trust what he says. do believe that you can trust what he sa s. y ., believe that you can trust what he sa s. ~ ., ., ., ., ., , says. do you know what other animals the have says. do you know what other animals they have in — says. do you know what other animals they have in brazil, _ says. do you know what other animals they have in brazil, parents. _ says. do you know what other animals they have in brazil, parents. he - they have in brazil, parents. he went to see what i been watching all day on my social media feed? this cctv camera in brazil was catching a bird's eye view of the traffic, when a parrot decided not once, but he comes back for another look. apparently, this is a turquoise amazon parents, which is also known, i'm told, and scientific communities —— also known in scientific communities as "amazona aestiva." ican i can see that when becoming a meenan. 2, �* , i can see that when becoming a meenan. 2, v , i can see that when becoming a meenan. . �*, , ., ., ., ., meenan. that's my favourite mean of the da . meenan. that's my favourite mean of the day- 20 — meenan. that's my favourite mean of the day. 20 mark _ meenan. that's my favourite mean of the day. 20 mark coming _ meenan. that's my favourite mean of the day. 20 mark coming back- meenan. that's my favourite mean of the day. 20 mark coming back from l the day. 20 mark coming back from glasgow. to stay with us. we will be talking off a lot more about today and world leaders. all of that is coming up. hello. cold, crisp, frosty autumn nights tend to lead us into bright but chilly autumn days and that's exactly the kind of weather we have at the moment. most of us got to see some sunshine on tuesday, but there were some shower clouds that developed. we did see some downpours in places. those showers, as you can see from the satellite picture, mainly focused in across northern and western areas — areas exposed to the breeze. some did get across to the eastern side of the uk. as we look ahead to wednesday, low pressure to the north—east of us. we've still got this broadly northerly breeze and that will focus the showers into coastal areas, particularly with drier weather inland, but a chilly start, a frosty start in places, minus 1 down towards the south. some mist and fog patches too across parts of england and wales. and then through the day, it is a sunshine and showers day. notice those showers blowing into coastal areas particularly. some for west wales, the south—west of england the north coast of northern ireland, the northern and eastern coasts of scotland. some of the showers in the east coast of england will drift a little further inland towards the midlands. temperatures will struggle. 8 to 12 degrees — a slightly breezier day on wednesday. and then as we move out of wednesday into thursday, well, this little ridge of high pressure starts to topple its way in and that will kill off some of the showers. we'll start with some through parts of pembrokeshire, cornwall. they should fade. some showers too for east anglia and the south—east. again, they should tend to clear. so more dry weather, some spells of sunshine by thursday afternoon. temperatures really struggling, though, 7 to 12 degrees and with more cloud filtering in towards the north and the west. and as we move into friday, high pressure slips a little further southwards and we get more of this feed of cloud in across the uk. that cloud producing some outbreaks of rain up towards the north—west of scotland. best chance of breaks in the cloud across eastern and southern parts. there will be some spells of sunshine, but with that feed of cloud on a more westerly wind, well, it's going to feel milder, 11 to 13 degrees. we take that with us into the weekend. high pressure to the south of us, low pressure to the north, frontal system bringing rain into the northern half of the uk, but that westerly wind bringing some mild air in our direction, so most of us will start off frost free. it won't be those crisp, cold autumn mornings any more. some milder weather, but some cloudy weather for many. best chance of any sunshine towards east anglia and the south—east. conversely, cloud bringing rain for western scotland and northern ireland, but those temperatures in double digits for just about all of us. it will be quite windy as well. now, into the second half of the weekend, high pressure still to the south of us. this cold front running southwards will bring some cloud and patchy rain with it, but it should tend to clear during sunday and then actually we're back to drier, brighter weather, some sunny spells, just the odd shower. quite windy up towards the north—east and here the wind coming back down from the north, so a slightly chillier feel here, whereas down towards the south, we're looking at highs of around 15 degrees. now it looks like we'll start next week with high pressure broadly in charge. the big uncertainty in the forecast for next week is just how big a player high pressure will be and the extent to which these frontal systems and lower pressures to the north—west will begin to take more control. that would bring more cloud, it would bring more outbreaks of rain. what we can say, i think, is that the driest weather is likely to be found to the south and the east high pressure likely to stay close by. a greater chance that we'll see wind and rain up towards the north and the west of the uk. tonight at ten... leaders at the climate summit in glasgow make some progress in the race to limit global warming. methane emissions — a majorfactor in global warming are meant to be cut by a third by the end of the decade — the initiative led by the eu and the us. and brazil, where the amazon rainforest has been devastated, is backing the call from the uk and others to stop deforestation by 2030. there is still a very long way to go. but all that being said, i am cautiously optimistic. as he prepared to leave glasgow, president biden was heavily critical of the chinese president for not attending, though beijing has sent a team of negotiators. i think it's been a big mistake, quite frankly,