conference. and church bells have rung out across the uk sounding a warning about the dangers of climate change. hello and welcome, if you're watching in the uk or around the world. after a long day of discussions in rome, 620 leaders have signed off on a landmark deal to tax the profits of large business by at least 15%. they also discussed climate change, covid vaccines and, on the sidelines, concerns about iran's nuclear programme. the summit comes on the eve of an historic conference on climate change in glasgow called cop26. britain's prime minister boris johnson says that climate conference will be "the world's moment of truth." our north america editor jon sopel reports from the summit in rome. good to go. and with that thumbs up from the american president the biggest gathering of world leaders since covid arrived could get under way. and everyone is relearning social etiquette. to mask or not to mask. unmask. to shake hands or not. shake. and with everyone back in the same room, the host, the italian prime minister, made a tentative call to order. i think we can start. and after so long apart, he urged a renewed commitment to working together. multilateralism is the best answer to the problems we face today. in many ways, it's the only possible answer. from the pandemic to climate change, to fair and equitable taxation, going alone is simply not an option. the great set piece of these occasions is the family photo, but then something unexpected happened, the men in white coats arrived. no, not to take them away, but to underline the role that first responders have played since the pandemic took hold, and how to speed up vaccine distribution to the poorest nations. there is also mounting concern about iran's nuclear programme. the leaders of the us, france, germany, and britain released a joint statement expressing grave and growing concern. but borisjohnson�*s most immediate concern is next week's climate change conference in scotland. here, he is shaking hands, but also trying to twist arms. the draft communique that's been agreed talks about the urgent need to keep global warming to 1.5 celsius. but for all the words in this draft communique, and there are a lot of them, it's very short on detailed commitments or concrete measures to limit carbon emissions. borisjohnson is going to have his work cut out in glasgow next week. and the pressure is growing. in glasgow they were on the streets today demanding action, and in rome, too. the world is going to be watching. john sopel, bbc news, rome. climate change has been high on the agenda for the g20 leaders. from rome, they'll head to glasgow for the crucial cop26 summit on how to reduce global warming. but for the uk and france, the row overfishing rights has continued to cause friction. borisjohnson said today there is "turbulence" in relations between london and paris, and the french are threatening to block some british boats from their ports next week. from rome, our political editor laura kuenssberg reports. 0ld rivalries and fierce fights, rome's coliseum has hosted a few. but it's the uk and france this time both flexing their strength. france threatening to disrupt trade if their boats don't get more access to fish the channel. do you think france is trying to punish the uk with this row overfishing permits? i think that the things that unite france and the uk are far more important than the things that divide us, and i must say we are a bit worried that france may be about to become in breach or is already in breach of the trade and cooperation agreement that we struck. president macron is going round questioning your credibility. you have been summoning the french ambassador into the foreign office in london. what are you actually going to do about it? we are going to get on. and do the things that matter to both of us and make sure that we work together on tackling the big issues that face the world. there is some turbulence in the relationship. if one of our partners decides to breach the trade and cooperation agreement that we struck, obviously that's a matter that we'll have to pursue. the prime minister may want to play nice with the french president and their other high ranking friends, but if macron goes further that power hug might not last. borisjohnson�*s lieutenant david frost wrote online that french rhetoric was problematic and troubling, and warned the uk could trigger legal action, a dispute settlement mechanism, before too long. the fist bump isn't yet a dramatic punch—up over channel permits. borisjohnson has, to use his joke, much bigger fish to fry. getting other wealthy big countries to move faster. india, and especially china, borisjohnson with his wife carrie tonight wanting other leaders to stop and think, to believe that they ought to, they must give up more cash, give up more carbon. people are often very conceited about history and about our civilisation. we think that we can be on a remorseless forward march when actually we can be actively conniving in our own decline and fall. what we need to do is to ensure that at the cop26 summit next week, the world leaders come together. are you disappointed with what china has come forward so far? look, they have made progress on overseas financing of coal. that's a good thing. what china needs to do, i think is to find ways of making a more ambitious nationally determined contribution. they are not going to do that. they published what they said they are going to do and it's not enough. you must be disappointed. let's see where we can get to. in september, you rated the chances of success in glasgow as six out of ten. what would you say now? i would say they are about the same. borisjohnson hopes he will make history, brokering an agreement to slow down the warming of the planet. it is the metaphor. either the cop succeeds or the dark ages, that's what i'm saying, or could be the dark ages. but he is trying to corral many dozens of countries. there is certainly no one emperor who can rule supreme. laura kuenssberg, bbc news, rome. let's get more now on cop26. very important moment diplomatically for the uk hosting this huge international conference, i20 world leaders expected in glasgow arriving tomorrow night, many flying straight from rome where the g20 summit we have just been hearing about, one of the biggest events the uk has ever hosted, in the words of number ten downing st, the prime minister's residence. a big moment notjust for the british prime minister but more broadly for the un and world leaders trying to reach some sort of deal. they have two weeks to do it, but the realfocus for international leaders, the summit starting on monday with borisjohnson at the heart of that, the prince of wales, the heir to the throne in the uk, there as well, sir david attenborough the naturalist, the duke and duchess of cambridge and cornwall, and a recorded message from the queen as well. so a real attempt in the early days to hammer out some sort of agreement. they already have to go back to the paris agreement, the previous big international climate agreement, and sort out elements of that, while hoping, as far as borisjohnson is concerned, to reach something that, to use the phrase we will hear a lot of — keep 1.5 alive. that is the slogan we are hearing from borisjohnson and others, the idea of keeping climate change to 1.5 degrees above preindustrial levels. plenty of scientists say already that ship may have sailed, and it could be way higher than that. but that is clearly no ambition. the ambition. the phrase keep 1.5 alive, it sounds ambitious but as long as people are not saying it is completely dead and cannot possibly happen, they can claim some sort of success around that number, even if some of the pledges in the next couple of weeks lead some to conclude that meeting the target is not likely. three people have been killed in sudan as hundreds of thousands of people protest on the streets against the military coup. thousands of sudanese are on the streets in the capital and other cities. they chanted in praise of the revolution two years ago. protests like these helped bring down then—president 0mar al—bashir after three decades in power. these protesters are back on the streets to protect that revolution, they say. "may freedom live", they sang. freedom from military rule — a strong statement against the monday coup. 0rganisers called it the million—strong march. defiance against military rulers who declared a state of emergency across the country. but these civilians responded by staging protests from even before the coup was confirmed — and against all odds. phone lines are down, even short text messages weren't going through. there has been no internet connectivity for days, but they still got people out to demonstrate for democracy. and they have the support of much of the west. the us government said they stand with the protesters. britain and the un urged the security forces to allow protests to proceed peacefully. shops and businesses remained closed, and a nationwide strike by doctors, bankers and teachers is ongoing. two years ago, the protesters braved it all to get democracy. they say they will stay put until they return to the path to democracy, with a civilian government leading it. in afghanistan, a taliban spokesperson has denied claims that the group authorised an attack on a wedding that left at least two people dead and as many as ten wounded. reports from nangarhar in eastern afghanistan suggest armed men opened fire because they objected to the music which was played. jordan has warned it will begin to expel foreign workers who aren't fully vaccinated against covid—19. the interior ministry said the expats had until mid—december to receive the two injections. there are tens of thousands of foreign passport holders from egypt, the philippines and elsewhere working in the country. russian workers have begun a nine—day paid holiday as part of efforts to stem soaring coronavirus infections. the measures take effect as the government reveals its worst daily covid figures of over 40,000 cases on saturday. russia has europe's highest tally of covid fatalities at nearly 450,000 deaths. prince andrew has asked for... prince andrew has instructed lawyers to fight to clear his name. he has been accused of sexual abuse when virginia jaffray was 17, a minor under us state law. the lawyers have asked a court to dismiss the lawsuit or to require her to provide a more definitive statement of the allegations. the court papers stated that prince andrew never sexually abused or assaulted her, he unequivocally denies her false allegations against him. the document goes on, she has initiated this baseless lawsuit against prince andrew to achieve another payday until it —— at his expense and at the expense of those closest to him. a 2nd argument advanced by his lawyers is that she is not entitled to bring a lawsuit against him. they claim she forfeited the right in 2009 when she sued this man, jeffrey epstein, the person said to have organised the sex trafficking. he took his own life in prison 2 years ago. he had been a friend of andrew, but the prince's lawyers say the 2009 court settlement included a clause which precludes her from taking any further court action. it will now be for the new york courts to decide whether or not the case against the prince should be dismissed. the uae has become the latest gulf state to take diplomatic action against lebanon. indira gandhi, ruler of the worlds largest democracy, died today. 0nly yesterday she spoke about dying in the service of her country and said, i would be proud of it, every dot of my blood would continue to the growth of this nation.- blood would continue to the growth of this nation. after 46 ears of growth of this nation. after 46 years of unhappiness, - growth of this nation. after 46 years of unhappiness, these . years of unhappiness, these countries have concluded a chapter of history. h0 countries have concluded a chapter of history. no more suswcion. _ chapter of history. no more suspicion, no _ chapter of history. no more suspicion, no more - chapter of history. no more suspicion, no more fear, i chapter of history. no morej suspicion, no more fear, no more — suspicion, no more fear, no more uncertainty.— more uncertainty. liftoff of discovery- _ more uncertainty. liftoff of discovery. we _ more uncertainty. liftoff of discovery. we are - more uncertainty. liftoff of discovery. we are enjoying| more uncertainty. liftoff of. discovery. we are enjoying it, discovery. we are en'oying it, this is beautiful. _ i'm milestone in human history. born today, this girl in india is the 7,000,000,000th person on the planet. the headlines on bbc news. western powers meeting at the g20 summit in rome discuss providing more vaccines to poor countries, and urged iran to return to talks on reviving the 2015 nuclear deal. more now on the summit in rome where today. g20 leaders have a deal reached on a 15% minimum tax on global corporations including tech giants google, amazon and facebook. it will make it harder for them to avoid taxation this is quite significant, isn't it? i think it's a significant achievement, for more than just the biden administration. the shifting of corporate profit around the world has really taken money out of the pockets of many governments, particularly in lower income countries. but for the biden administration, you are absolutely right, it is an achievement, in particular forjanet yellen and the treasury department who have worked very hard on this. i think the challenge now is going to be to take this multilateral agreement and turn it into concrete tax policy at the individual country level. as you can see in washington, the biden administration is still waiting for an agreement among democrats in congress on tax changes. so the jury is inevitably out on something like this until governments have follow—through. in terms of following through, let's talk about the g20. what can we expect to come out of this? i think the tax agreement is probably going to be the big takeaway in terms of an agreement. there will be a lot of rhetoric about other issues, for example climate change, but i think this is the big breakthrough. i think the real takeaway, the real positive, beyond specific policy, is the fact president biden is sitting and talking and working with the leaders, and we are not facing a situation of 19 governments versus one government, which we did see throughout the trump administration. let's turn to debt relief. a lot of countries attending the g20, who were also part of the imf talks earlier this fall. they were rather hoping that something concrete would come out of this. what sort of achievements have been attained when it comes to debt relief? if i take the example of senegal, they have not been impressed at all. i think you are absolutely right. there have been some achievements. essentially almost two years of moratorium on debt service payments to g20 governments, to multilateral institutions, which probably produced debt relief of around $5 billion across 40 odd countries. not that significant but probably kept some countries on life support. however that moratorium is due to expire at the end of this year. there is some hope it might be extended in the communiqu tomorrow, we will have to see. but on the broader issue of the heavy debt burdens, the g20 did have an agreement on the common framework to restructure outstanding debt. there has been virtually no progress. three countries, chad, ethiopia and zambia, in talks, but not a single penny of debt restructuring has been achieved so far. and a big issue is that private sector lenders, bondholders, banks and others, are not stepping up and participating in this process. the uae has become the latest gulf state to take diplomatic action against lebanon. this has been growing for months but the latest trigger was from the incoming information minister in lebanon which the saudis found insulting. he effectively blame the saudis and the uae for the civil war in yemen. they asked him to apologise or resign and that has not been forthcoming. since then, starting with the saudis and then 3 other gulf countries including the uae, have expelled lebanese ambassadors and pulled out their envoys from beirut. but their envoys from beirut. but the point about this, at the heart of this diplomatic crisis now is the gulf countries' desire to reduce the grip of hezbollah, the heavily armed militant group that dominate lebanon. 0f militant group that dominate lebanon. of course this comes at a time when lebanon is deep in crisis, a political and economic crisis. in that context, it's going to be very hard for the lebanon government and prime minister to find any room for manoeuvre. they held an emergency cabinet meeting this afternoon, but no particular outcome other than the president saying he wants to try to sort out the situation. the lebanese people, who have been suffering a deepening crisis without power, their wages worth very little, it feels to them like any further blow could simply tip the country towards total collapse. it's more than six weeks since the volcano on the spanish canary island of la palma first erupted, yet there are no signs of the lava flow coming to an end. some experts believe it could remain active for many months more. from the island, danjohnson reports. so far, everyone's been protected from the volcano. but there's uncertainty about what will happen next. and even the youngest lives have been shaken. the lava cut these children off from their classrooms. so now they learn in borrowed space with donated books. translation: they can't even go outside to play i because of the situation. it was very emotional to come back because i really wanted to see them, i didn't know how they felt. "i went to live with my grandmother", rodrigo says. "i thought it would end quickly but the volcano has destroyed houses". "it releases a lot of lava", sergio told me, "and it destroys trees and my grandfather's house". "it's beautiful", he says, "but it does a lot of damage". also here, eager to learn, are scientists from around the world, reading the runes of this eruption. and look how they examine the newest rocks on earth. a live geometry lesson literally as it's set in stone. this is science on a tectonic scale. these bubbles that were already in the magma get stretched out. the story of earth's origins retold here and now. the way it evolves and what magmas are involved and the timescales of the processes that are happening underneath us right now effects the hazard profile. the faster we can get information like that back to the people that are making decisions, the better and more informed those decisions will be. parts of la palma are unrecognisable as layer upon layer of lava smothers and stifles one side of this island. the volcano is relentless. there's the noise, there's the lava and there are the earthquakes, too. on one hand, people are learning to live with this, but on the other, they're getting tired of it, they're afraid of it and everyone's asking, when will it end? that question comes loudest from the people living like this for five weeks now. there are six people in dacil�*s caravan but no sense of defeat. translation: | feel - fortunate because we got out even if we just had the clothes we were wearing. i could take my kids, my animals, we have a caravan to stay in, we're not on the streets, and we've received a lot of help so why wouldn't i feel fortunate? that resilience runs deep but every day more people find this eruption�*s impact is impossible to escape. danjohnson, bbc news, la palma. incredibly dramatic pictures. you can reach me on twitter. thanks for being with us. back shortly with the headlines. saturday started wet but quickly improved with sunny spells and a few isolated showers. some pretty miserable weather just recently on the borders, but a better day today with glimpses of sunshine. a similar story today, sunday will start pretty wet across some areas, with a significant area of low pressure, and to the southern flank we will likely force gusts of wind, which may well act as a friend in some respects, pushing that heavy early morning rain quickly northwards. so it will tend to linger across north scotland but an improvement as we go into the afternoon with a frequent shower being driven in along west facing coasts. close to 30 miles an hour inland, possibly 50 miles an hour elsewhere. the feel of the weather, 10—13 degrees in scotland and northern ireland, 13—14 further south. out of sunday into the start of monday, and the start of a new month, the low pressure will drift off into scandinavia. the wind direction becomes north—westerly, and more cool, which drives warmer yellow tones back over to the near continent, and the cooler air mass pushing across the uk, which means temperatures through the first few days of november could be a little bit under par for the time of year. we start on monday on a chilly note first thing, with clearer skies. a frequent rash of showers driven along by the brisk north—westerly wind, some of the showers will be pushed further south as we go through the afternoon. temperaturesjust 8—10 to the north, a maximum of 12—13 further south. through the middle of the week, the north—westerly flow is likely to stay with us, and the ridge of high pressure trying to build in from the atlantic. that is likely to kill off some of the showers but it does mean we are going to stay cool for the time of year. it also means we could see more overnight frost, and we haven't seen that much frost so far this season. it does mean that overall, things will stay a little bit drier and quieter, but on the cool side as we go through the week ahead. take care. leaders of the worlds 20 major economies have agreed and we will see the profits of large businesses tax at least 15%. it follows concerns the multinational companies are re—routing the companies through low tax jurisdictions. uk prime minister borisjohnson is acknowledged what he called turbulence and relation between london and paris. his comments follow a dispute over fishing rights. francis dozens of vessels of been denied licenses that they are entitled to and will introduce targeted measures against. the sudanese security forces have fired live rounds and tear gas into pro—democracy protesters. three people were killed and an activist with the bbc overarching people have been injured.

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