one of the most marvellous things is it is by this river called the muick. and it has this wonderful sound of rushing water when you are in the house. it is very calming and peaceful, ithink. but also, it was the first place that queen victoria herself bought in 1848. and tell us about the arboretum because this is something you planted. this was a rather empty field that the farm didn't need any more, so i thought, "ah..." the great thing was i managed to plant it the same year that my grandson was born, the eldest, george. so i thought i would call it st george's. and it's an autumn garden, isn't it? it is really for autumn colour, and a bit of spring, but autumn is the magic up here. so, finding all the interesting trees and shrubs and so on that turn an interesting colour is half the battle. so, let's talk about that while we walk around but i would like to draw your attention to this because am i right in thinking that you planted this yesterday afternoon? idid, yes. this comes from finland, can you believe it? and i was given three of them because they are very rare. they are called curly birch and they have this extraordinary... oh, it's a birch? it's a birch tree but they grow very slowly and they sort of twist in some extraordinary way so the bark from the trunk gets twisted together. i shall be dead before i see anything! but i planted that myself. but this is a real passion for you, this gardening and horticulture, in general? it's an old man's obsession. that's what i wanted to ask because you called this st george's garden, it's a legacy, an inheritance for your grandchildren. all of our grandchildren, if we've got them, if we are lucky enough to have them, will inherit the earth that we bequeath them, won't they? how worried are you about the state of that inheritance? deeply worried. it's the main reason i've spent a0 years or more... 50. if you look at my sort of rather hesitant steps at the beginning. but i have always felt that we are not understanding how much we depend on what nature provides. and also not understanding or having been somehow trained to believe that nature is a separate thing from us and we can just exploit and control and suppress everything about her without suffering the consequences. you've written a book about it, you talk about the lack of harmony, the loss of that sense of harmony between us and nature. what do you mean by that and what you think has been lost? actually, i try to say in other areas years ago, there is the sense of the sacred. because when you think about the miracle, i think, of this earth sitting in the middle of the vastness of space and yet somehow everything works. how is that possible? it can'tjust be random chance. but if you look into the way nature operates, the universal principles, as islam understood that so well, having inherited it from the greeks and the egyptians is that underlying everything are fundamental patterns in the universe. and it's the most extraordinary thing when you look at it, the way the planets revolve and spin, the patterns they form as they create their orbits. and the way that nature itself recycles nutrients. everything. it's extraordinary. it is a complete virtuous circle but what we are doing is to disrupt nature by not following that circular pattern. we have created a linear one which imagines that you can go on for ever, creating ever more growth and ever more changing without understanding that actually you have to fit together with nature and the way she does it. but because we haven't done that, we have caused mammoth disruption. now, we have disorganised and disrupted the whole planet's system of climate regulation. i'm assuming that back in 1970, i think it was, when you gave your first speech that mentioned environmental issues, and you talked about plastic and oil pollution, you hadn't yet kind of come to these rather bigger understanding of the cycles of nature. what was it back then, can you remember, that made you anxious about nature and made you anxious about what we are doing to the environment? as i said before, many times, when i was a teenager, i was my deeply about what was happening. i'd witnessed, you know, the white hot heat of the 19605 and technology, and getting rid of anything traditional, it was all ridiculous and outdated and irrelevant. so i witnessed, you know, hedges being brought up, trees being cut down, wetlands drained. you cannot believe it. so, i really minded about that and i felt this was going too far. it's you in your early 20s, it is not normally the thing that preoccupies. .. i happen to be one of those people who felt like that. i don't know where it came from but that is what i really minded about and i minded about balance and harmony. because i felt if you pushed things too far, you will always create an equal and opposite reaction, which is exactly what has happened. but in the meantime, if you are the idiot that suggests all of this, you are immediately accused of being an idiot. and that is exactly what happened. you got a lot of stick, if you don't mind me saying. i was accused of being anti—science. well, you got a lot of stick for kind of talking about nature, talking about the client. i mean, you were teased, i remember, for talking to your plants. and that kind of thing. but you can't make a joke, you see, that's the other thing. did it hurt to get that kind of criticism and be parodied? it wasn't much fun. as you can imagine. and then of course because i suggested they were better ways of doing things, in a more balanced and integrated way, i was accused of interfering and meddling. this is what is so interesting coming back 50 years later and talking here in this beautiful garden of yours, that the narrative has changed. you know, lots of the things that you said are now mainstream... it's taken far too long. ..and world leaders are gathering in glasgow to talk about the kind of issues that you were... yeah, but they just talk. and the problem is to get action on the ground, which is what i've been trying to do for the last a0 years. by bringing people together from every kind of industry and walk of life, to try and create an awareness of what needs to be done. i spent an enormous amount of time at conferences, workshops, seminars, you name it. trying to bring executives together for the last 35 to a0 years. can i say, you sound a little bit like greta thundberg who said exactly the same thing. you probably saw, it's all blah blah blah. build back better, blah blah blah. do you feel she is onto something? of course. why do you think i've done all this for all these years? because i minded about, and always have done, the next generations. so, i've been doing this to make sure that my grandchildren, your grandchildren and everybody else's have some future. because the longer this nonsense went on, and nobody would address the issues... have you met greta? do you sympathise with her... yes, i met her at davos, when was it, lastjanuary. do you sympathise with the anger that she feels? yes, of course i do. because i knew in the end people would get fed up and all these young feel nothing is ever happening so of course they are going to get frustrated. i totally understand. and because nobody would listen and they see their future being totally destroyed. what about the people who protest? what about, kind of, extinction rebellion? can you empathise with why you might go out onto the street and say, "take this issue seriously!" absolutely. i'll tell you something. extension rebellion came and made a sit—in at my driveway at highgrove when i was on a tour three years ago. they left a letter behind saying very nice things and saying back in such and such a time when you said such and such. you are right. then in i9—something about that, you are right, you are right, you were right. they came to congratulate you. marvellous. that was the right kind of demonstration. do you understand why they go out? of course i do, yes. but it isn't helpful, i don't think — to do it in a way that alienates people. i totally understand the frustration. the difficulty is, how do you direct that frustration in a way that is more constructive, rather than destructive. the point is that people should really notice how despairing so many young are. the other frustrating thing is for years... because i have been involved in the community and with the private sector for so long that so many of these businesses and companies have obviously lots of young that they employ that they really mind about these issues. but they haven't quite got to the top. do you get the sense that they are beginning to get it, that the big corporations kind of know that this is something that goes beyond business and is about them ensuring there is an earth for us all. they are beginning now. but it takes a long, long time. what is it now they think? 60%, but there is another 40% that need a lot of pushing. 60% of businesses? 60% of businesses are, yes. in the last two years or since january last year, there has been suddenly a kind of dam bursting, particularly with the investing community who are now being pressured by their investors, by their shareholders, by all of these people to make a real difference in terms of sustainable investment opportunities. i remember this is what you said at the g7 in cornwall, it is all very well talking to governments but governments can bring billions, corporations can bring trillions. the difficulty then is how do you unlock all of those trillions of dollars with the assistance of the public sector? that is the key, because at the moment, all the different solutions to the problems we face, technology and natural solutions, none of them are considered economic. so let me ask you this... is our government doing enough to make these things happen? i couldn't possibly comment. it sounds to me like you feel there is positive movement. are you feeling optimism, hope? i am a realist. are you feeling optimism, hope? i am a realist the — are you feeling optimism, hope? i —n a realist. the interesting thing is having being ridiculed for so long, they suddenly want me to help convene them. i haven't got an axe to grind, i am only keen to get the damn thing sorted. i’ee to grind, i am only keen to get the damn thing sorted.— damn thing sorted. i've got to ask ou this damn thing sorted. i've got to ask you this because _ damn thing sorted. i've got to ask you this because this _ damn thing sorted. i've got to ask you this because this happens. . we are all struggling today with our own kind of dilemmas about our personal impact on the environment and it... it's true to say, you've got a pretty hefty carbon footprint. yes. put it like this... it must take a lot of gas to heat a palace. yes, yes. but i have tried for a very long time to make sure the heating is done in a way that is as sustainable as possible. i've put in biomass boiler systems, solar panels, which i've managed you use trees from the estate? yes. but that is one _ you use trees from the estate? yes. but that is one way _ you use trees from the estate? yes. but that is one way and _ you use trees from the estate? yes but that is one way and then the solar panels which i've managed to get on to clarence house and highgrove on some of the farm buildings and every kind of thing like that, and sauce, pumps, things like that, and sauce, pumps, things like that. trying to reduce as as possible. i've got electric cars, i can't do it single—handed. you possible. i've got electric cars, i can't do it single-handed. you are a bit of a clarkson, _ can't do it single-handed. you are a bit of a clarkson, jeremy _ can't do it single-handed. you are a bit of a clarkson, jeremy clarkson, l bit of a clarkson, jeremy clarkson, a bit of a petrol head. not really. you have enjoyed cars. yes, yes. that was before we knew what the problems were, particularly. my old aston martin which i have had for 51 years, but i managed to convert. i hardly have a chance to drive it now, really, but that runs are now on waste products, it runs on, can you believe this, surplus english white wine and whey from the cheese process. i white wine and whey from the cheese rocess. . ~' white wine and whey from the cheese rocess. ., ~ ., ~ ., ., , ., process. i am keen to know what you think about — process. i am keen to know what you think about electric _ process. i am keen to know what you think about electric vehicles. - process. i am keen to know what you think about electric vehicles. i - think about electric vehicles. i think about electric vehicles. i think we mustn't forget the importance of hydrogen in this mix, it can't all be electric vehicles. there are problems with batteries and, you know, how you source the materials, and can you recycle them properly? at the moment, there is a huge amount of waste which is really worrying. we should be able to reclaim it and reuse.— worrying. we should be able to reclaim it and reuse. what would you sa to reclaim it and reuse. what would you say to peeple — reclaim it and reuse. what would you say to people watching _ reclaim it and reuse. what would you say to people watching this, - reclaim it and reuse. what would you say to people watching this, in - say to people watching this, in terms of diet? should they be eating less meat, flying less?— less meat, flying less? flying, hepefully. _ less meat, flying less? flying, h0pefully. will— less meat, flying less? flying, hopefully, will become - less meat, flying less? flying, hopefully, will become easierl less meat, flying less? flying, i hopefully, will become easier and more sustainable rapidly if the right moves are taken. but certainly... flying is being done much less recently. most of the people have done things online as i have been trying to get used to that. the business of what we eat, of course, is important. for years, i haven't eaten meat and fish on two days a week, and i don't eat dairy products on one day a week. i mean, thatis products on one day a week. i mean, that is one way to do it. if you did that, if moore did that, you would reduce a lot of the pressure on the environment and everything else. you're saying, don't cut it out, be more moderate. the you're saying, don't cut it out, be more moderate.— you're saying, don't cut it out, be more moderate. the thing about meat is it is very important, _ more moderate. the thing about meat is it is very important, where - more moderate. the thing about meat is it is very important, where does - is it is very important, where does it come from, how is it growing? if it come from, how is it growing? if it is brass systems, the right breed, better quality but less often, that approach to farming is less damaging than the industrialised approach with intensive everything, you know, and causing huge pressures and damage. we talked about nutrient cycles at the beginning, there are arguments that cows and other ruminants can be part of the recycling. istilted that cows and other ruminants can be part of the recycling.— part of the recycling. what they roduce part of the recycling. what they produce at _ part of the recycling. what they produce at the _ part of the recycling. what they produce at the back _ part of the recycling. what they produce at the back end - part of the recycling. what they produce at the back end is - part of the recycling. what they produce at the back end is of i produce at the back end is of incredible importance to replenish and provide or restore fertility to the soil. all these soils around the world are so degraded now because of so many years of artificial fertiliser made from fossil fuels and chemicals that they have, you know, they have become useless. if you replace the lost nutrients and you replace the lost nutrients and you put, restore the third ? fertility, that will capture more carbon. what can you do if we are still having place endless subsidies for insane agri— industrial approaches to farming which are a disaster in many ways, causing huge damage, and contribute enormously to emissions. and we still have perverse subsidies for fishing in the oceans causing again a mammoth damage, trawling up the bottom. you have made a — damage, trawling up the bottom. you have made a great case for why we need to take action on this, there are some governors that seem to be reluctant to accept the urgency of this. australia, for example, what would you say to the, to australia that seems reluctant to take on board the need to take really serious action on this issue? well, i mean, serious action on this issue? well, i mean. you _ serious action on this issue? well, i mean. you gently _ serious action on this issue? well, i mean, you gently try _ serious action on this issue? well, i mean, you gently try to - serious action on this issue? well, i mean, you gently try to suggestl i mean, you gently try to suggest there may be other ways of doing things. in my case, anyway. otherwise you lot accuse me of interfering and meddling. scott morrison, the _ interfering and meddling. scott morrison, the australian - interfering and meddling. scott morrison, the australian pm, isn't even sudden he can make it to the meeting in glasgow. i5 even sudden he can make it to the meeting in glasgow.— even sudden he can make it to the meeting in glasgow. is that what he sa s? he meeting in glasgow. is that what he says? he says— meeting in glasgow. is that what he says? he says he — meeting in glasgow. is that what he says? he says he had _ meeting in glasgow. is that what he says? he says he had spent - meeting in glasgow. is that what he says? he says he had spent enough| says? he says he had spent enough time in quarantine.— says? he says he had spent enough time in quarantine. what you said to world leaders _ time in quarantine. what you said to world leaders about _ time in quarantine. what you said to world leaders about what _ time in quarantine. what you said to world leaders about what they - time in quarantine. what you said to j world leaders about what they would come to glasgow? that world leaders about what they would come to glasgow?— come to glasgow? that is what i'm t in: to come to glasgow? that is what i'm trying to say _ come to glasgow? that is what i'm trying to say all— come to glasgow? that is what i'm trying to say all the _ come to glasgow? that is what i'm trying to say all the time. - come to glasgow? that is what i'm trying to say all the time. and - come to glasgow? that is what i'm trying to say all the time. and the l trying to say all the time. and the point being that this is a last chance literally. because if we don't really take the decisions that are vital now, it is going to be hard to catch up.— are vital now, it is going to be hard to catch up. there will people watchin: hard to catch up. there will people watching this _ hard to catch up. there will people watching this you _ hard to catch up. there will people watching this you will— hard to catch up. there will people watching this you will be _ hard to catch up. there will people watching this you will be scepticall watching this you will be sceptical and they will say, listen, the uk produces i% of world emissions, other countries aren't doing their bit, why on earth should we manage this huge effort and hobble our economies for something which ultimately will be useless? what would you say to them about why this is urgent and what is at stake for them but also for the world? it will be a disaster. _ them but also for the world? it will be a disaster. it _ them but also for the world? it will be a disaster. it will _ them but also for the world? it will be a disaster. it will be _ be a disaster. it will be catastrophic. it is already beginning to be catastrophic. because nothing in nature can survive the stress that is created ljy survive the stress that is created by these extremes of weather. so, i know from looking at trees and everything else that the moment trees are stressed from being either starved of water or too much water, thatis starved of water or too much water, that is when they start to exhibit disease and everything else. human beings, the whole of nature is so dependent on this balance and harmony, if you see what i mean, that the more we disrupt it, the more impossible it is, so what chance have we got to grow things we need if we don't sort this out? you have a lot — need if we don't sort this out? you have a lot of _ need if we don't sort this out? you have a lot of row _ need if we don't sort this out? you have a lot of row entries here with the red berries, they are quite a good example, aren't they? i think your gardener were saying they can't germinate now because the winters are too warm and they need a period of below freezing and he is now taking the rowan berries and putting them in your freezer. taking the rowan berries and putting them in yourfreezer. this taking the rowan berries and putting them in your freezer.— them in your freezer. this is the thin , them in your freezer. this is the thing. there _ them in your freezer. this is the thing, there is _ them in your freezer. this is the thing, there is so _ them in your freezer. this is the thing, there is so much - them in your freezer. this is the thing, there is so much more i them in your freezer. this is the thing, there is so much more to j them in your freezer. this is the - thing, there is so much more to life and the world than we think. so, we are busily destroying, still, through deforestation, the destruction of habitats that are so rapidly dwindling, you know, we are destroying our future by making extinct things that have not been discovered by science. we have set “p discovered by science. we have set up something called the circular bio economy alliance which is now we've got a living laboratory are being established now in south america, brazil and colombia and madagascar and so on, ghana, to demonstrate on and so on, ghana, to demonstrate on a smaller scale to start with what can be done with an integrated approach biodiversity regeneration using an approach that no longer has monocultures of trees but is much more diverse, but also integrated with regenerative agriculture and agroforestry techniques which are critical, all of which can be again integrated with community, rural community enhancement and working with small farmers.— with small farmers. we've got this bi , with small farmers. we've got this big. critical— with small farmers. we've got this big, criticalvital_ with small farmers. we've got this big, critical vital conference - big, critical vital conference happening in glasgow, world leaders coming together to make decisions about what they are going to do in terms of tackling climate change, what would a successful outcome be? to unlock the vast amount of money and investment opportunities to make the transition to a more sustainable and circular economy happen quicker. i promise you, there are all these people wanting to do the right thing if we canjust, people wanting to do the right thing if we can just, as people wanting to do the right thing if we canjust, as i say, the governments, all they need to do is give the market singles, the mandating, and the catalytic finance and blended finance, they call it, which could underwrite the riskjust to get those things started, things moving, on the ground. there are island states and the pacific and caribbean and the african countries, nigeria, a vast problem there, the president was telling me yet last year about all the problems they faced there with deforestation and agriculture, a lot of what they produce is wasted because of the lack of distribution and refrigeration but these are huge investment opportunities. having discussed these _ investment opportunities. having discussed these issues, - investment opportunities. having discussed these issues, what - investment opportunities. having i discussed these issues, what would your ideal for a future britain look like? what you want britain to become? beyond our lifetime, 50 years' time. i become? beyond our lifetime, 50 years time-— years' time. i don't want to offer hosta . e years' time. i don't want to offer hostage to _ years' time. i don't want to offer hostage to fortune. _ years' time. i don't want to offer hostage to fortune. give - years' time. i don't want to offer hostage to fortune. give us - years' time. i don't want to offer hostage to fortune. give us an . years' time. i don't want to offer . hostage to fortune. give us an idea. for instance, there is a huddle of a lot of what it could be like and i think we should be leading the way, picking in terms of how we could, as an island, i have always felt that we could have an enormous impact as somewhere which was renowned for its environmental quality, the way we farm, and the kind of products we produce and how they are related to telling a story about the place, the people, you know, the culture and the traditions of these areas. but also, that we have restored lost habitat so the wetlands that hedgerows, the trees, the ancient woodlands, if we could restore all that, but notjust planting great big forests everywhere but looking, for instance, at replacing, free plotting hedgerows where they were taken out. so, a lot of parts of britain are just taken out. so, a lot of parts of britain arejust prairie taken out. so, a lot of parts of britain are just prairie farms. if you put hedgerows and trees, they would catch a lot of carbon. plus avenues. one of the things i want to do is help plant avenues of trees which could commemorate all the people who have died during this pandemic. in fact, there was a wonderful example in australia, after the first world war, when they planted avenues of trees to commemorate all the people who had died on active service. and when you think what a difference, you know, urban trees make, and yet at the moment, councils keep cutting them down and say they are getting in the way they are blighted, but avenues could be another way, and they are wonderful in the landscape as well. we are in this wonderful arboretum, we have talked about trees, can i ask you, what is your favourite tree variety, if i may? and why? what you look for a tree? loath? variety, ifi may? and why? what you look for a tree?— look for a tree? why other trees here? the _ look for a tree? why other trees here? the trees _ look for a tree? why other trees here? the trees are _ look for a tree? why other trees here? the trees are here, - here? the trees are here, particularly, because of autumn colour. ., , ., ., , , colour. the colours are absolutely incredible- _ colour. the colours are absolutely incredible. and _ colour. the colours are absolutely incredible. and liquid _ colour. the colours are absolutely incredible. and liquid and - colour. the colours are absolutely incredible. and liquid and those i incredible. and liquid and those which no incredible. and liquid and those which go red — incredible. and liquid and those which go red and _ incredible. and liquid and those which go red and scarlet. - incredible. and liquid and those which go red and scarlet. we i incredible. and liquid and those l which go red and scarlet. we see incredible. and liquid and those i which go red and scarlet. we see the bearinnin which go red and scarlet. we see the beginning of— which go red and scarlet. we see the beginning of it _ which go red and scarlet. we see the beginning of it here. _ which go red and scarlet. we see the beginning of it here. we've _ which go red and scarlet. we see the beginning of it here. we've just i which go red and scarlet. we see the beginning of it here. we've just got l beginning of it here. we've just got autumn coming. the beginning of it here. we've 'ust got autumn comingi autumn coming. the azaleas go a wonderful orange _ autumn coming. the azaleas go a wonderful orange and _ autumn coming. the azaleas go a wonderful orange and red. i i autumn coming. the azaleas go a wonderful orange and red. i was. wonderful orange and red. i was talkin: to wonderful orange and red. i was talking to allen, _ wonderful orange and red. i was talking to allen, the _ wonderful orange and red. i was talking to allen, the gardener, and i said, how much interest does his royal highness take in the garden? he says, listen, i can't even put charb in here. nothing happens here without my say so. this is your garden? i designed it, iworked without my say so. this is your garden? i designed it, i worked with someone who helped me find some of the trees and i have been finding more sense. it is an old man's obsession so i spent my life pruning and planting. flan obsession so i spent my life pruning and planting-— and planting. can we have a look at the cheque — and planting. can we have a look at the cheque berries? _ and planting. can we have a look at the cheque berries? erroneous. i i the cheque berries? erroneous. i think the american term is chuck berry. think the american term is chuck ber . , ., , ., think the american term is chuck ber . , ., ., ,, berry. they are becoming an mad keen health food- — berry. they are becoming an mad keen health food. the _ berry. they are becoming an mad keen health food. the extra _ berry. they are becoming an mad keen health food. the extra new _ berry. they are becoming an mad keen health food. the extra new thing i berry. they are becoming an mad keen health food. the extra new thing is i health food. the extra new thing is none of the birds them. they are different varieties of them. there are better ones.— are better ones. they are a bit touch. are better ones. they are a bit tough- they — are better ones. they are a bit tough. they are _ are better ones. they are a bit tough. they are slightly i are better ones. they are a bit i tough. they are slightly astringent. your royal highness, that was a fantastic interview, thank you very much indeed for spending so much time with us, and it was wonderful to see the garden. it was such a treat to be in this garden. get old and they suddenly _ treat to be in this garden. get old and they suddenly change. i treat to be in this garden. get old and they suddenly change. your. and they suddenly change. your riorities and they suddenly change. your priorities change _ and they suddenly change. your priorities change as _ and they suddenly change. your priorities change as you - and they suddenly change. your priorities change as you get older. some of us have had a chance to see a bit of sunshine today but for many places, it has been a disappointing saturday so far. patchy rain has been reluctant to clear the south—east corner and some heavier rain approaching northern ireland, fringing into western parts of scotland later this afternoon. north—east scotland will hold onto some sunshine, a few showers across the northern isles, something writer developing across many parts of england and wales as we head towards the end of the day. in the sunshine in the far south—west, for aberdeen, generally for many places it is a bit milder than yesterday and it will be a mild night most for of us as well but with a lot of bad, some outbreaks of rain trundling it was an southwards, some mist and fog potentially developing across parts of the south and where we keep clear spells in northern scotland, it will turn chilly. tomorrow, not a cloud, some outbreaks of rain, and an unsettled start to the new wheat, wind and rain and heavy rain but it will be mild, warm in places, top temperatures of 20 or 21 degrees. nasa mission aims to learn more about how the planets were created. i'm lukwesa burak. the latest headlines at 3. side by side in grief — the prime minister and leader of the opposition visit the scene where tory mp sir david amess was killed yesterday. police say they're treating the killing as a �*terrorist incident�* — as tributes are paid from across politics. he was a man of the people, he was absolutely there for everyone. he was a much loved parliamentarian. to me he was a dear and loyalfriend. the killing has resurfaced the dilemma facing mps over security at their surgeries — and whether it would be safer to hold them virtually. we don't want to become like other countries, other mps when they visit us are aghast that we meet our constituents face—to—face. are aghast that we meet our