hello, and welcome. joe biden wants 70% of the world's population vaccinated by next september. that is a bold ambition when you look at where we stand right now. today, for a virtual summit the president hosted from the white house, he brought together the heads of state, the executives of the big drug companies, the philanthropists and the ngos. and to kick things off, he announced prizer will commit another 500 million doses to the global cause. let's hearfrom him now. we should unite around the world on a few principles. that we commit to donating, not selling, donating, not selling doses to low and lower—income countries. and that the donations come with no political strings attached. and that we support covax as the main distributor for sharing who—approved vaccines. but a coalition of drug—makers from the developing countries came with their own demands. they want the president to apply the pressure to the big american companies. they want a licence to produce the vaccine themselves, a licence for the technology involved in the manufacturing process and some assistance in aquiring the vital but scarce equipment. they argue there is no other way to meet the challenge. here's the rate of vaccination by continent. you might be able to make out the tiny red sliver at the very top of the screen. that is africa, which has received just 2% of all vaccines administered globally. and in light blue below that, asia, with some 4 billion people, that have received 66% of vaccines administered worldwide. i have been speaking to winnie byaniyima. she's the executive director of unaids an under—secretary—general of the united nations, and she was an early champion of a peoples�* vaccine against covid. so, winnie, there you are on manhattan's east side, striding the corridors of the general assembly. what are you attempting to do this week? i am talking to world leaders here, trying to persuade them to do the right thing for people in this world. we have a global health crisis that has spiralled into an economic crisis, a social crisis. but we have a solution which they are not putting... which they're not implementing, which is to get the whole world vaccinated against the covid—19 virus. well, joe biden has said today here's another half a million... another 500 million vaccines, another 500 million doses. is that going to do it? is that going to reach a target that he set himself to vaccinate the world, 70% of the world, by next september? well, president biden's announcement of 500 million doses is welcome. we welcome it warmly. but it will not solve the problem. the real solution lies in sharing the rights and the recipe for producing covid vaccines, so that they are produced in all regions and everyone is quickly vaccinated. but pfizer and moderna, they say, "look, this mrna process is so complex, there are so few people with the experience, that setting up new operations in regional hubs would not be feasible and it wouldn't happen quickly enough to solve the crisis we're in." that is... that sounds so deja vu. we heard that at the time of the, at the peak of the hiv crisis, hiv pandemic. they found the antiretroviral treatment. they held their secret, held the technology secret. they hiked the prices, and 12 million people died in developing countries when they could've been saved. but then, with pressure from people living with hiv, with pressure from governments that stood up, leaders like president mandela, we saw the price come down when generic antiretrovirals were produced. the companies in the south, in asia, in africa, in latin america have the capacity to produce vaccines, have the financing even to invest in production. what they need is the recipe, the technology and the know— how. and we're asking world leaders to come behind that. of course the breakthrough with antiretrovirals was pharmaceutical companies in the south just copied it, and sure enough that is what will happen within the next 36 months. so, would you say to the drug companies there in america, "look, get on board, take some of the licence money as profit, but get on board and help our companies with the technology?" absolutely. what they're doing now is immoral. it is obscene. they're reaping billions. since this crisis started, at least nine new billionaires have been made from this pharmaceutical industry, from the vaccines. meanwhile, people are dying. doctors, nurses in the south are dying. so, what they need to do is take less profits and licence more companies to produce the vaccine, but the governments themselves are at fault because they've allowed companies, individuals, wealthy individuals to decide how much vaccine is produced, who it is sold to and at what price. so, they have literally let people down and said let companies make their profits and decide who lives and who dies. aspen pharmacare is africa's biggest drug company, based in south africa, the country with the highest number of covid cases on the continent. last september, aspen signed a deal withjohnson &johnson to manufacture on licence the single—dose coronavirus vaccines for, and on behalf of, the american company. stavros nicolaou is the group senior executive, and he is with us. very good to have you on the programme. first off, tell us what you do forjohnson &johnson. programme. first off, tell us what you do forjohnson &johnson. thanks ve much you do forjohnson &johnson. thanks very much for— you do forjohnson &johnson. thanks very much for having _ you do forjohnson &johnson. thanks very much for having me _ you do forjohnson &johnson. thanks very much for having me on _ you do forjohnson &johnson. thanks very much for having me on your - very much for having me on your prosiramma aspen _ very much for having me on your programme. aspen as _ very much for having me on your programme. aspen as you - very much for having me on your. programme. aspen as you inferred earlier_ programme. aspen as you inferred earlier is_ programme. aspen as you inferred earlier is a — programme. aspen as you inferred earlier is a contract _ programme. aspen as you inferred earlier is a contract manufacturer, | earlier is a contract manufacturer, meaning _ earlier is a contract manufacturer, meaning that _ earlier is a contract manufacturer, meaning that we _ earlier is a contract manufacturer, meaning that we contract - earlier is a contract manufacturer, meaning that we contract and - earlier is a contract manufacturer, meaning that we contract and a i meaning that we contract and a licence — meaning that we contract and a licence for— meaning that we contract and a licence for and _ meaning that we contract and a licence for and on _ meaning that we contract and a licence for and on behalf- meaning that we contract and a licence for and on behalf of - meaning that we contract and a - licence for and on behalf ofjohnson &johnson_ licence for and on behalf ofjohnson & johnson the — licence for and on behalf ofjohnson & johnson the covid—19 _ licence for and on behalf ofjohnson & johnson the covid—19 vaccine. - & johnson the covid—19 vaccine. johnson — & johnson the covid—19 vaccine. johnson tir— & johnson the covid—19 vaccine. johnson &johnson_ & johnson the covid—19 vaccine. johnson & johnson did - & johnson the covid—19 vaccine. johnson & johnson did have - johnson &johnson did have responsibility— johnson &johnson did have responsibility to _ johnson &johnson did have responsibility to allocate i johnson & johnson did have. responsibility to allocate and distribute _ responsibility to allocate and distribute the _ responsibility to allocate and distribute the vaccine - responsibility to allocate and distribute the vaccine to - responsibility to allocate and distribute the vaccine to the i distribute the vaccine to the various— distribute the vaccine to the various territories— distribute the vaccine to the various territories and - distribute the vaccine to the - various territories and geographies that the _ various territories and geographies that the vaccine _ various territories and geographies that the vaccine is _ various territories and geographies that the vaccine is intended - various territories and geographies that the vaccine is intended to - various territories and geographies that the vaccine is intended to go i that the vaccine is intended to go to. ., ., , that the vaccine is intended to go to. ., , ., that the vaccine is intended to go to. how many doses have you made? well, let me — to. how many doses have you made? well, let me answer _ to. how many doses have you made? well, let me answer this _ to. how many doses have you made? well, let me answer this way, - well, let me answer this way, christian _ well, let me answer this way, christian. we _ well, let me answer this way, christian. we have _ well, let me answer this way, christian. we have a - well, let me answer this way, christian. we have a capacityl well, let me answer this way, i christian. we have a capacity to manufacture _ christian. we have a capacity to manufacture up _ christian. we have a capacity to manufacture up to _ christian. we have a capacity to manufacture up to 300 - christian. we have a capacity to manufacture up to 300 millionl christian. we have a capacity to - manufacture up to 300 million doses of the _ manufacture up to 300 million doses of the johnson — manufacture up to 300 million doses of the johnson tir— manufacture up to 300 million doses of the johnson & johnson _ manufacture up to 300 million doses of the johnson & johnson vaccine. i manufacture up to 300 million doses of the johnson & johnson vaccine. ofi of the johnson & johnson vaccine. of course _ of the johnson & johnson vaccine. of course that— of the johnson & johnson vaccine. of course that is — of the johnson & johnson vaccine. of course that is on _ of the johnson & johnson vaccine. of course that is on an _ of the johnson & johnson vaccine. of course that is on an annual— of the johnson & johnson vaccine. of course that is on an annual basis. . course that is on an annual basis. we commenced _ course that is on an annual basis. we commenced production - course that is on an annual basis. we commenced production in - course that is on an annual basis. i we commenced production injune, course that is on an annual basis. - we commenced production injune, so we were _ we commenced production injune, so we were at— we commenced production injune, so we were at a _ we commenced production injune, so we were at a pretty— we commenced production injune, so we were at a pretty early _ we commenced production injune, so we were at a pretty early stage - we commenced production injune, so we were at a pretty early stage of- we were at a pretty early stage of production. — we were at a pretty early stage of production. trut— we were at a pretty early stage of production, but i— we were at a pretty early stage of production, but i think— we were at a pretty early stage of production, but i think what - we were at a pretty early stage of production, but i think what is - production, but i think what is important is _ production, but i think what is important is we _ production, but i think what is important is we are _ production, but i think what is important is we are in- production, but i think what is important is we are in a - production, but i think what is important is we are in a goodl important is we are in a good cadence _ important is we are in a good cadence of— important is we are in a good cadence of manufacturing - important is we are in a good l cadence of manufacturing now. important is we are in a good - cadence of manufacturing now. and vaccines— cadence of manufacturing now. and vaccines manufactured _ cadence of manufacturing now. and vaccines manufactured by— cadence of manufacturing now. and vaccines manufactured by aspen . cadence of manufacturing now. and vaccines manufactured by aspen inl vaccines manufactured by aspen in south _ vaccines manufactured by aspen in south africa — vaccines manufactured by aspen in south africa is _ vaccines manufactured by aspen in south africa is starting _ vaccines manufactured by aspen in south africa is starting to - vaccines manufactured by aspen in south africa is starting to flow- south africa is starting to flow both _ south africa is starting to flow both to — south africa is starting to flow both to south _ south africa is starting to flow both to south africa _ south africa is starting to flow both to south africa and - south africa is starting to flow both to south africa and to . south africa is starting to flowl both to south africa and to the south africa is starting to flow- both to south africa and to the rest of the _ both to south africa and to the rest of the african — both to south africa and to the rest of the african continent _ both to south africa and to the rest of the african continent per - of the african continent per arrangement— of the african continent per arrangement between- of the african continent per. arrangement betweenjohnson of the african continent per - arrangement between johnson & johnson — arrangement between johnson & johnson and _ arrangement between johnson & johnson and the _ arrangement between johnson & johnson and the african - arrangement between johnson & johnson and the african union. l arrangement between johnson & . johnson and the african union. 0k, johnson and the african union. ok, so that's positive. _ johnson and the african union. so that's positive. which are my people thatjohnson &johnson is not the mr in it is the ultimate vaccine, right? could you commit because you are the biggest drug company in africa, could you if you were given a licence to produce the pfizer vaccine, were given a licence to produce the pfizervaccine, if were given a licence to produce the pfizer vaccine, if you're given the recipe as when he put it, could you make it? let recipe as when he put it, could you make it? , ., . ., make it? let me 'ust reinforced one oint and make it? let me 'ust reinforced one point and i _ make it? let me 'ust reinforced one point and i want — make it? let me just reinforced one point and i want to _ make it? let me just reinforced one point and i want to preface - make it? let me just reinforced one point and i want to preface my - point and i want to preface my response — point and i want to preface my response with _ point and i want to preface my response with this _ point and i want to preface my response with this which - point and i want to preface my response with this which is - point and i want to preface myl response with this which is very important _ response with this which is very important the _ response with this which is very important. the single _ response with this which is very important. the single biggest l important. the single biggest iearning — important. the single biggest learning from the _ important. the single biggest learning from the cover - important. the single biggest learning from the cover 19 - important. the single biggest - learning from the cover 19 pandemic has been _ learning from the cover 19 pandemic has been locai— learning from the cover 19 pandemic has been local capacities _ learning from the cover 19 pandemic has been local capacities solve - has been local capacities solve security— has been local capacities solve security of— has been local capacities solve security of supply. _ has been local capacities solve security of supply. and - has been local capacities solve security of supply. and that's i has been local capacities solve i security of supply. and that's why even _ security of supply. and that's why even in _ security of supply. and that's why even in disproportionate - security of supply. and that's why even in disproportionate access . security of supply. and that's why| even in disproportionate access to vaccines— even in disproportionate access to vaccines as — even in disproportionate access to vaccines as you _ even in disproportionate access to vaccines as you indicated earlier. i vaccines as you indicated earlier. aspen— vaccines as you indicated earlier. aspen is— vaccines as you indicated earlier. aspen is significantly _ vaccines as you indicated earlier. aspen is significantly vested - vaccines as you indicated earlier. aspen is significantly vested in l aspen is significantly vested in sterois, — aspen is significantly vested in sterois, and _ aspen is significantly vested in sterols, and we _ aspen is significantly vested in sterols, and we of _ aspen is significantly vested in sterols, and we of course - aspen is significantly vested in sterols, and we of course are i aspen is significantly vested inl sterols, and we of course are in discussions _ sterols, and we of course are in discussions with— sterols, and we of course are in discussions with johnson - sterols, and we of course are in discussions with johnson & - sterols, and we of course are in - discussions with johnson & johnson to manufacture _ discussions with johnson & johnson to manufacture and _ discussions with johnson & johnson to manufacture and under- discussions with johnson & johnson to manufacture and under licence l discussions with johnson & johnson | to manufacture and under licence in other— to manufacture and under licence in other words— to manufacture and under licence in other words take _ to manufacture and under licence in other words take ownership - to manufacture and under licence in other words take ownership of - to manufacture and under licence in other words take ownership of a - other words take ownership of a licence — other words take ownership of a licence of— other words take ownership of a licence of the _ other words take ownership of a licence of the johnson _ other words take ownership of a licence of the johnson & - other words take ownership of a | licence of the johnson & johnson vaccine — licence of the johnson & johnson vaccine which _ licence of the johnson & johnson vaccine which would _ licence of the johnson & johnson vaccine which would mean - licence of the johnson & johnson vaccine which would mean every| vaccine which would mean every continent — vaccine which would mean every continent would _ vaccine which would mean every continent would have _ vaccine which would mean every continent would have it - vaccine which would mean every continent would have it so - vaccine which would mean every i continent would have it so vaccine chemist _ continent would have it so vaccine chemist that's _ continent would have it so vaccine chemist that's no _ continent would have it so vaccine chemist that's no secret. - continent would have it so vaccine chemist that's no secret. we - continent would have it so vaccine chemist that's no secret. we are i continent would have it so vaccine l chemist that's no secret. we are in discussions. — chemist that's no secret. we are in discussions. it— chemist that's no secret. we are in discussions. it is— chemist that's no secret. we are in discussions, it is chemically- chemist that's no secret. we are in| discussions, it is chemically known. johnson _ discussions, it is chemically known. johnson tir— discussions, it is chemically known. johnson & johnson, _ discussions, it is chemically known. johnson &johnson, as _ discussions, it is chemically known. johnson &johnson, as he _ discussions, it is chemically known. johnson &johnson, as he points- discussions, it is chemically known. johnson &johnson, as he points out, is a viral— johnson &johnson, as he points out, is a viral vector— johnson &johnson, as he points out, is a viral vector vaccine. _ johnson &johnson, as he points out, is a viral vector vaccine. let - johnson &johnson, as he points out, is a viral vector vaccine. let me - is a viral vector vaccine. let me shift _ is a viral vector vaccine. let me shift for— is a viral vector vaccine. let me shift for a — is a viral vector vaccine. let me shift for a moment _ is a viral vector vaccine. let me shift for a moment to _ is a viral vector vaccine. let me shift for a moment to your- is a viral vector vaccine. let me - shift for a moment to your question around _ shift for a moment to your question around mrna— shift for a moment to your question around mrna vaccines. _ shift for a moment to your question around mrna vaccines. those - shift for a moment to your question around mrna vaccines. those are, | shift for a moment to your question . around mrna vaccines. those are, as you inferred, — around mrna vaccines. those are, as you inferred, a — around mrna vaccines. those are, as you inferred, a different _ you inferred, a different technoiogv _ you inferred, a different technology. and - you inferred, a different technology. and aspenl you inferred, a different. technology. and aspen is you inferred, a different _ technology. and aspen is confident that in— technology. and aspen is confident that in time — technology. and aspen is confident that in time if— technology. and aspen is confident that in time if we _ technology. and aspen is confident that in time if we were _ technology. and aspen is confident that in time if we were presented l that in time if we were presented with the — that in time if we were presented with the opportunity— that in time if we were presented with the opportunity for- that in time if we were presented with the opportunity for that - with the opportunity for that particular— with the opportunity for that particular technology- with the opportunity for that i particular technology platform, with the opportunity for that - particular technology platform, that we could _ particular technology platform, that we could execute _ particular technology platform, that we could execute on— particular technology platform, that we could execute on it, _ particular technology platform, that we could execute on it, yes, - particular technology platform, that we could execute on it, yes, but. we could execute on it, yes, but right— we could execute on it, yes, but right now — we could execute on it, yes, but right now our _ we could execute on it, yes, but right now our discussions - we could execute on it, yes, but right now our discussions are . we could execute on it, yes, but. right now our discussions are with johnson _ right now our discussions are with johnson tir— right now our discussions are with johnson &johnson_ right now our discussions are with johnson & johnson on _ right now our discussions are with johnson & johnson on security - right now our discussions are withj johnson & johnson on security the licence _ johnson & johnson on security the licence for— johnson & johnson on security the licence for the _ johnson & johnson on security the licence for the continent. - johnson & johnson on security the licence for the continent. i- johnson & johnson on security the licence for the continent. i must. licence for the continent. i must stress _ licence for the continent. i must stress it— licence for the continent. i must stress it will— licence for the continent. i must stress it will be _ licence for the continent. i must stress it will be confined - licence for the continent. i must stress it will be confined to - stress it will be confined to africa _ stress it will be confined to africa. ., , ., _ africa. you preface that answer by sa in: africa. you preface that answer by saying that _ africa. you preface that answer by saying that you — africa. you preface that answer by saying that you believe _ africa. you preface that answer by saying that you believe the - africa. you preface that answer by saying that you believe the best . africa. you preface that answer by l saying that you believe the best way to tackle a pandemic like this is to produce locally. as a key man in the pharmaceutical industry, do you thinkjoe biden can meet his target of vaccinating 70% of the world by next september unless pfizer and macro to release the licenses to companies like yours? —— and moderna release the licenses. companies like yours? -- and moderna release the licenses.— release the licenses. firstly he was or seemed — release the licenses. firstly he was or seemed to _ release the licenses. firstly he was or seemed to listen _ release the licenses. firstly he was or seemed to listen to _ release the licenses. firstly he was or seemed to listen to the - release the licenses. firstly he was or seemed to listen to the previous speaker— or seemed to listen to the previous speaker because _ or seemed to listen to the previous speaker because in— or seemed to listen to the previous speaker because in fact _ or seemed to listen to the previous speaker because in fact asked - or seemed to listen to the previous speaker because in fact asked wasi or seemed to listen to the previous i speaker because in fact asked was at the forefront — speaker because in fact asked was at the forefront of _ speaker because in fact asked was at the forefront of introducing - speaker because in fact asked was at the forefront of introducing the - the forefront of introducing the first african _ the forefront of introducing the first african generic _ first african generic anti—retroviral- first african generic anti—retroviral andl first african generic - anti—retroviral and brought first african generic _ anti—retroviral and brought the process— anti—retroviral and brought the process down _ anti—retroviral and brought the process down certificate - anti—retroviral and brought the process down certificate late . anti—retroviral and brought the | process down certificate late as were _ process down certificate late as were previously— process down certificate late as were previously indicated. - process down certificate late as were previously indicated. this| process down certificate late as - were previously indicated. this was all done _ were previously indicated. this was aii done under— were previously indicated. this was all done under licence, _ were previously indicated. this was all done under licence, and - were previously indicated. this was all done under licence, and we - all done under licence, and we iicence — all done under licence, and we iicence the _ all done under licence, and we licence the product _ all done under licence, and we licence the product from - all done under licence, and we| licence the product from merck all done under licence, and we - licence the product from merck and others, _ licence the product from merck and others, so — licence the product from merck and others, so there _ licence the product from merck and others, so there is— licence the product from merck and others, so there is a _ licence the product from merck and others, so there is a blueprint- licence the product from merck and others, so there is a blueprint that| others, so there is a blueprint that already— others, so there is a blueprint that already exists _ others, so there is a blueprint that already exists. i— others, so there is a blueprint that already exists. i don't _ others, so there is a blueprint that already exists. idon't think- others, so there is a blueprint that already exists. i don't think our. already exists. i don't think our problem — already exists. idon't think our problem futuristic— already exists. i don't think our problem futuristic lee - already exists. i don't think our problem futuristic lee is - already exists. i don't think our problem futuristic lee is not. already exists. i don't think our. problem futuristic lee is not going to be _ problem futuristic lee is not going to be supply— problem futuristic lee is not going to be supply of— problem futuristic lee is not going to be supply of vaccines _ problem futuristic lee is not going to be supply of vaccines was - problem futuristic lee is not going to be supply of vaccines was of. problem futuristic lee is not going to be supply of vaccines was of i. to be supply of vaccines was of i think— to be supply of vaccines was of i think our— to be supply of vaccines was of i think our ability— to be supply of vaccines was of i think our ability to _ to be supply of vaccines was of i think our ability to re—let - to be supply of vaccines was of i. think our ability to re—let vaccines and health— think our ability to re—let vaccines and health care _ think our ability to re—let vaccines and health care systems- think our ability to re—let vaccines and health care systems that - think our ability to re—let vaccines and health care systems that arel and health care systems that are week— and health care systems that are week is— and health care systems that are week is going _ and health care systems that are week is going to— and health care systems that are week is going to be _ and health care systems that are week is going to be the - and health care systems that are week is going to be the biggest. week is going to be the biggest challenge _ week is going to be the biggest challenge i_ week is going to be the biggest challenge. i think— week is going to be the biggest challenge. i think right - week is going to be the biggest challenge. i think right now- week is going to be the biggest challenge. i think right now the global— challenge. i think right now the global capacitv _ challenge. i think right now the global capacity for— challenge. i think right now the global capacity for covid—19 - global capacity for covid—19 vaccines— global capacity for covid—19 vaccines is— global capacity for covid—19 vaccines is edging - global capacity for covid—19 vaccines is edging towardsl global capacity for covid—19i vaccines is edging towards 11 global capacity for covid—19 - vaccines is edging towards 11 or 12 million _ vaccines is edging towards 11 or 12 million i— vaccines is edging towards 11 or 12 million. i think— vaccines is edging towards 11 or 12 million. i think you _ vaccines is edging towards 11 or 12 million. i think you are _ vaccines is edging towards 11 or 12 million. i think you are starting i vaccines is edging towards 11 or 12 million. i think you are starting to see companies— million. i think you are starting to see companies like _ million. i think you are starting to see companies like aspen - see companies like aspen manufacturing _ see companies like aspen manufacturing a - see companies like aspen manufacturing a good - see companies like aspen - manufacturing a good cadence of vaccines, — manufacturing a good cadence of vaccines, so— manufacturing a good cadence of vaccines, so i_ manufacturing a good cadence of vaccines, so i don't— manufacturing a good cadence of vaccines, so i don't necessarily. vaccines, so i don't necessarily think— vaccines, so i don't necessarily think our— vaccines, so i don't necessarily think our problem _ vaccines, so i don't necessarily think our problem or— vaccines, so i don't necessarily think our problem or our- vaccines, so i don't necessarily- think our problem or our challenge is going _ think our problem or our challenge is going to — think our problem or our challenge is going to be _ think our problem or our challenge is going to be the _ think our problem or our challenge is going to be the supply— think our problem or our challenge is going to be the supply of- is going to be the supply of vaccine _ is going to be the supply of vaccine. of the _ is going to be the supply of vaccine. of the gets - is going to be the supply of vaccine. of the gets goingl is going to be the supply of. vaccine. of the gets going to is going to be the supply of- vaccine. of the gets going to be executing — vaccine. of the gets going to be executing on _ vaccine. of the gets going to be executing on the _ vaccine. of the gets going to be executing on the ground - vaccine. of the gets going to be executing on the ground and - vaccine. of the gets going to be - executing on the ground and rolling out these _ executing on the ground and rolling out these vaccines _ executing on the ground and rolling out these vaccines and _ executing on the ground and rolling. out these vaccines and administering them~ _ out these vaccines and administering them so— out these vaccines and administering them so i_ out these vaccines and administering them so i think— out these vaccines and administering them. so i think we _ out these vaccines and administering them. so i think we get _ out these vaccines and administering them. so i think we get that- out these vaccines and administering them. so i think we get that piece i them. so i think we get that piece right, _ them. so i think we get that piece right, then — them. so i think we get that piece right, then president _ them. so i think we get that piece right, then president biden- them. so i think we get that piece right, then president biden buys. them. so i think we get that piecel right, then president biden buys 's ambition, — right, then president biden buys 's ambition, and— right, then president biden buys 's ambition, and is— right, then president biden buys 's ambition, and is a _ right, then president biden buys 's ambition, and is a lofty— right, then president biden buys 's ambition, and is a lofty ambition, i ambition, and is a lofty ambition, can be _ ambition, and is a lofty ambition, can be met — ambition, and is a lofty ambition, can be met can— ambition, and is a lofty ambition, can be met can we _ ambition, and is a lofty ambition, can be met can we have - ambition, and is a lofty ambition, can be met can we have the - ambition, and is a lofty ambition, i can be met can we have the strength of health— can be met can we have the strength of health care — can be met can we have the strength of health care systems _ can be met can we have the strength of health care systems to _ can be met can we have the strength of health care systems to execute i of health care systems to execute this _ of health care systems to execute this. . , . , of health care systems to execute this. ., , ., , ., this. that is really important context. like _ this. that is really important context. like you _ this. that is really important context. like you very - this. that is really important context. like you very much| this. that is really important i context. like you very much for coming on the programme. thanks for havin: me, coming on the programme. thanks for having me. thank _ coming on the programme. thanks for having me, thank you. _ in other news from washington, the united states and france have sought to defuse the row sparked by the security pact announced last week betwen the us, australia and britain. emmanuel macron and joe biden issued a joint statement announcing that they agreed to meet at the end of october. the french ambassador will return to washington next week. the defence ministry of lithuania has warned people in europe they should throw away their chinese phones and avoid buying a new one. the national cyber security centre in vilnius tested 56 mobiles from chinese manufacturers. and they discovered that one xiaomi phone had software that could detect and censor terms including "free tibet" or "long live taiwan independence". a huawei model was found to be vulnerable to cyber—attacks. i'm joined now by lithuania's deputy defence minister, margiris abukeviches. thank you very much was up i hope i pronounce that correctly. i have been practising. it is very good to have you with us. thought to be about what you think you found it. i about what you think you found it. i think there are three major findings. and they are all related to cyber security, but from different angles. so first, we have found that chinese phones collect much more information about user behaviour, and this information is sent to servers outside europe and to servers which are owned by chinese companies. so this is, i would say, eight risk of losing personal data. the second finding is related to the censorship tool built in censorship tool, which at the moment of our analysis was deactivated in lithuania and in europe, but we have managed to analyse the list of almost a50 keywords which filter your searches on the internet. and this list is updated every couple of days. it is not activated in our region, but our analysis tells us that in theory they could remodel it, and remotely activate that list and activate that function without the consumer knowing that. so this is a really, i would say, biggest political issue or risk we found. 0ne would say, biggest political issue or risk we found. one thing is about the censorship in china, but the other thing is that european consumers or western consumers could be affected by this type of censorship tool. but be affected by this type of censorship tool.- be affected by this type of censorshi tool. �* ., �* censorship tool. but don't google and a- le censorship tool. but don't google and apple also... _ censorship tool. but don't google and apple also... when _ censorship tool. but don't google and apple also... when i - censorship tool. but don't google and apple also... when i turn - censorship tool. but don't google and apple also... when i turn on| censorship tool. but don't google i and apple also... when i turn on my phone, information i put into my phone, information i put into my phone is sent back to google and apple in much the same way, is it not? ., ., ., ., ,, not? know, and we have observed when it comes to the — not? know, and we have observed when it comes to the collection _ not? know, and we have observed when it comes to the collection of _ it comes to the collection of information, it is times more. the chinese phones collect times more information. chinese phones collect times more information-— chinese phones collect times more information. qk. the third finding information. 0k. the third finding is related to cybersecurity risks. that if you go to one of the manufacturers official app store and if you don't find the app you are looking for, it can automatically transfer you to the unofficial app store where you can download an app with malware. and it's one thing if you were on your own risk, you go somewhere outside the official app stores and download that app, but if you are thinking that you are on an official store and downloading an app official store and downloading an app with malware which would do different things on your phone, this is another story. i different things on your phone, this is another story.— is another story. i was going to sa , it's is another story. i was going to say. it's really _ is another story. i was going to say, it's really interesting - is another story. i was going to say, it's really interesting that| say, it's really interesting that this has come from lithuania because clearly you feel empowered to talk about this. let's face it, you're one of the only countries in europe to recognise taiwan formally. usually you have withdrawn your ambassadors, china and lithuania. do you feel unencumbered such that you can talk more freely about things like this? i can talk more freely about things like this? ~ can talk more freely about things like this? ,, , , ., like this? i think this is not the first time we _ like this? i think this is not the first time we are _ like this? i think this is not the first time we are talking - like this? i think this is not the | first time we are talking about, like this? i think this is not the - first time we are talking about, you know him at risk related to chinese technologies. last year, the same national cybersecurity centre revealed findings about chinese manufactured cameras. now we are focusing on the phones. and there are different reasons why we are doing that. one is of course we are very much looking forward to informing our citizens and our consumers. we want to raise their awareness, want to put forward recommendations how they should minimise those risks. the other thing which is very clear that this helps to inform political decision—making processes. and... i decision—making processes. and... i was going to sayjoe biden said yesterday at the un general assembly that there are new technologies that pose a threat, and they are used by autocratic governments to control the people. i suppose he would point to this very thing that you have it in a fight. to this very thing that you have it in a fiuht. , to this very thing that you have it inafiuht. , , in a fight. exactly. of course we have the only — in a fight. exactly. of course we have the only ones _ in a fight. exactly. of course we have the only ones who - in a fight. exactly. of course we have the only ones who were i in a fight. exactly. of course we i have the only ones who were doing similar research, but this research definitely adds to this list of cybersecurity linked to the chinese manufacturers and the chinese government and this is not... we're not talking only about security and risks. there probably products and technologies free from cybersecurity risks, but we are talking about china, we all we have in mind or should always have in mind that there is a special legal framework in china which obliges, rich really ensures that every even private company, even citizens may have to cooperate with the regime and with the intelligent services. so that puts simple cybersecurity risks to national cybersecurity risks. taste national cybersecurity risks. we have to leave it there. thank you very much indeed for that. we have put those allegations to the two chinese phone companies. xiaomi has not responded to the bbc�*s request for comment. a huawei spokesman told the bbc it abides by the laws and regulations of the countries where it operates and prioritises cyber—security and privacy. huawei also performs security checks to ensure the user stay with us on bbc news. still to come... a warning that air pollution in cities is even worse than previously thought. environmental campaigners have been banned from blocking the m25 after the government successfully obtained a high court injunction to stop them. the group insulate britain have blocked parts of the m25 five times injust over a week. they're calling for more action on home insulation, but many drivers have been angered by what they've done. the government says the protests have cost motorists £500,000. in the house of commons earlier, the home office minister kit malthouse said he believed the protests had gone too far. this injunction prohibits people from blocking, endangering, slowing down, obstructing or otherwise preventing the free flow of traffic on the m25. if they breach the injunction or encourage or help others to do so, people will be held in contempt of court and may be imprisoned orfined. the fine, mr speaker, is unlimited. this should act as a major deterrent and recognises that this lawbreaking is serious, with consequences that match the offending. if there is one thing fundemental to our health, above all else, it is the air we breathe. air pollution causes 7 million premature deaths a year. today, for the first time in 15 years, the world health organization set out new air quality guidelines. what does that mean? well, pollution is measured in terms of the particulate matter that we inhale. it is not a single pollutant, it is a complex mixture of solids and aerosols in the air, and they come in different sizes. here's david shukman with a rather good visual explainer. so let's use virtual reality to visualise them. so, what's in these new who guidelines? well, the level of particulate matter 2.5 that is now deemed safe, that is the smallest pollutant which as david said can go into the bloodstream, the who has halved the acceptable level to just 5 micrograms. and if i tell you that currently in beijing, the levels are eight times the new who limit, you will see the size of the challenge. as for nitrogen dioxide, that's the exhaust fumes we get from diesel cars, the guidance from the who for annual exposure was cut to a quarter of the previous recommended level. and according to the who, air pollution is the single biggest environmental threat to human health. i'm joined now byjessica seddon, the global lead for air quality at the world resources insitute. are these targets achievable? by are these targets achievable? el: most places in most regions, these are very hard to achieve. let's confront the reality. these are from the damage of pollution but they are going to be hard to achieve. i going to be hard to achieve. i wonder how useful it is to set a target that is totally out of reach. not a target is almost within grasp. i think at this point we all need to really grapple with reality and need to confront it and acknowledge some uncomfortable realities, particularly when it comes to health, ecosystem health and all the impacts air pollution has. that said, i do think it's very important to make sure that they are not discouraging, that we have clear communication around better and close also being very good, that we have standardised ways of measuring better and closer so that there is that positive feedback for progress. these, again, our reality, buti think for many of the actions that cities and national governments regionally need to take, we need that step—by—step positive reinforcement in the direction of closer. �* . , reinforcement in the direction of closer. . ., , . , closer. are there any cities in the world that _ closer. are there any cities in the world that are _ closer. are there any cities in the world that are anywhere - closer. are there any cities in the world that are anywhere near- closer. are there any cities in the l world that are anywhere near these targets the who has set? weill. world that are anywhere near these targets the who has set? well, there is the classic — targets the who has set? well, there is the classic list. _ targets the who has set? well, there is the classic list. depends _ targets the who has set? well, there is the classic list. depends on - targets the who has set? well, there is the classic list. depends on who - is the classic list. depends on who gives you the list of the cities with the cleanest air. there are calgary, wilmington, helsinki. there are cities that at times and in places and during certain seasons do meet the standards. it's just, places and during certain seasons do meet the standards. it'sjust, i think you when you look at the tightening for a city to consistently across all places, across all seasons meet the standards over and over again is quite a challenge as long as we are still burning things, as long as we are still using fossil fuel based transportation. and as long as we still have the agricultural systems that we have now. i still have the agricultural systems that we have now.— still have the agricultural systems that we have now. i was 'ust going to sa i that we have now. i was 'ust going to say i wanted h that we have now. i was 'ust going to say i wanted to _ that we have now. i was 'ust going to say i wanted to get _ that we have now. i wasjust going to say i wanted to get one - that we have now. i wasjust going to say i wanted to get one last - to say i wanted to get one last question it because i only have a minute left. nitrogen dioxide, does that become easier to reach that target if we are all in electric cars? it target if we are all in electric cars? , , ., ., , cars? it depends on what is... so come in a — cars? it depends on what is... so come in a very — cars? it depends on what is... so come in a very localised - cars? it depends on what is... so come in a very localised sense, l cars? it depends on what is... so i come in a very localised sense, yes. but the also depends on what is the power source of electric cars and also with the, the fact that while we are most focused on particular matter, ozone and there are a wide range of criteria of those so a single pollutant focus on nitrogen dioxide matter or any seton pollutant is often counter productive if you are thinking of the overall health implications. {lilia the overall health implications. ok, with the leave _ the overall health implications. ok, with the leave it there. thank you for being very concise and i think that gives us a good idea of the challenge we are all facing. do you stay with us. plenty more to come. hello. it's been a day of contrasting fortunes across the british isles, southern and eastern parts dry, fine and sunny for the most part. further north and west, nothing like it. a real absence of sunshine there in the western side of scotland. the reason for that, well, a weather front has crept its way in from the atlantic, and it's produced a wee bit of rain across northern and western parts of scotland. the cloud filtering its way through the day, down towards northern ireland, probably robbing the far north of england of sunshine as well. during the course of the evening and overnight, so, the remnants of that weather front drag the prospect of a little bit of rain into the north of england, north wales, eventually a real rattle of showers, if not longer spells of rain, getting in across central, northern and western parts of scotland — where it will be decidedly chilly, and that's because it will be very windy indeed. these are the gusts, and we are looking at gusts around about 65 mph through the shetland isles, and even further south, that gustiness just tending to keep the temperatures above single figures for most. so, the new day dawns with that low pressure pulling away towards scandinavia. the winds, as a consequence, beginning to ease. we bring in a new set of weather fronts back into western scotland with time during the course of the afternoon with bits of rain here. rather cloudy too down into the north of england, perhaps northern ireland. further south, with a bit of brightness, you could see 22—23 celsius. the old weather frontjust clouding things up for a time in the first part of the day across wales and the southwest of england, but even here, i think the sun will break out eventually for many. come friday, we have got another set of fronts close by to the north of scotland, another weak affair there. just thickening up the cloud and pushing a bit of rain into the western side of scotland, maybe northern ireland too. but it heralds the arrival of mild airs across all parts of the british isles. it comes at a price. the air coming in off the atlantic, moisture laden, so quite a bit of cloud, say, for the eastern side of scotland, and generally speaking, the further south and east you are, again, the brighter your skies will be, and the temperatures really responding to this, 22—23 celsius at the very best. and then on into the weekend, it is a similar sort of pattern, where we are looking away towards the south and southwest to bring up mild airs from way down towards the azores. not completely dry, not wall—to—wall sunshine, but for the end of september, not bad at all. this is bbc news with me christian fraser. the british foreign secretary is chairing a meeting of the five permanent members of the security council shortly liz truss says beijing and moscow will have to work with them to prevent afghanistan becoming a base for global terrorists some of america's biggest companies come together to promise jobs to newly arrived afghan refugees melbourne experiencing its strongest earthquake catching many by surprise. and prince andrew is given 21 days to respond to papers formally served by the lawyers acting — in a civil case — for virginia giuffre, the woman accusing him of sexual assault. the prince denies the allegations. hello, welcome back. there is not much that binds the permanent members of the security council. but perhaps they do share an interest in afghanistan. it is in no ones interests for the country to slide back to what it was in 2001, least of all china that shares a border with afghanistan or for that matter russia that has its biggest foreign military base in tajikiistan. tonight the so called p5 will be meet in new york to discuss how to respond. the taliban had asked to address the general assembly this week from doha, but currently its the ambassador appointed by ashraf ghani's government that is in new york, representing his country. lets talk to neda tawfiq who is there for us. i'm joined now by the bbc�*s nada tawfik at the un. quite heavily added this meeting. if the act together collectively and i imagine there's an eye roll from the french and the chinese.— french and the chinese. yeah, that was president _ french and the chinese. yeah, that was president biden's _ french and the chinese. yeah, that was president biden's big - french and the chinese. yeah, that was president biden's big push - french and the chinese. yeah, that| was president biden's big push that there would be an era of relentless diplomacy when it comes to the us position on the world stage. but today with the french, you certainly had a manual micron and president biden burying the hatchet and greeting teddy agreeing that there should be open communications between the two and those big sore point for the french and the eu that stood behind them, that idea that being different from your predecessor in the america first position and yet, you have not relisted by your allies when it comes to these big decisions that affect france, of course. the chinese, so the interesting. is that same position from their president that we should focus on international cooperation instead of confrontation and here we are today. the 620 confrontation and here we are today. the g20 is meeting in afghanistan. the g20 is meeting in afghanistan. the p5 is meeting on afghanistan and will be interesting to see how much they are on the same page. but from what i'm hearing from diplomat so far, it does seem like they are on the same page when it to approach the same page when it to approach the taliban and i'm sure they can assure a number of things. humanitarian access, the rights of women and girls mixture afghanistan does become a base for international terrorism again making sure that the taliban does allow afghans travel freely out of the country. but! taliban does allow afghans travel freely out of the country. and this ertains freely out of the country. and this pertains to _ freely out of the country. and this pertains to the — freely out of the country. and this pertains to the united _ freely out of the country. and this pertains to the united states, - freely out of the country. and this. pertains to the united states, what they do the enormous reserves that they do the enormous reserves that they have frozen and that doesn't seem to be much of an appetite between the biden administration to release it to the taliban.— release it to the taliban. look, the united states _ release it to the taliban. look, the united states is _ release it to the taliban. look, the united states is only _ release it to the taliban. look, the united states is only so _ release it to the taliban. look, the united states is only so much - united states is only so much leverage at this point. it is those assets and it is also giving that recognition that the taliban so desperately want on the international stage. and because the us still wants to be able to get americans outside of afghanistan, of are supported america outside of afghanistan, they are walking this really delicate line about how they deal with the taliban moving forward and that includes how they respond to this request that is been given to this request that is been given to them by the un about recognising a taliban member as an ambassador here. there are a lot of certainly measures that the united states is going to have to balance as they move forward with the taliban in the idea of recognition.— idea of recognition. plenty more coveraue idea of recognition. plenty more coverage of— idea of recognition. plenty more coverage of that _ idea of recognition. plenty more coverage of that on _ idea of recognition. plenty more coverage of that on the - idea of recognition. plenty more coverage of that on the coming l idea of recognition. plenty more - coverage of that on the coming hours but for the moment, thank you very much for that. over 30 major companies in the us have pledged to create hundreds of newjobs for the afghan refugees that have recently arrived from kabul. companies including amazon, facebook,and deloitte say they want to help afghans with the transition towards a new life. the opportunities will cover a diverse range of sectors ranging from tech and consulting to retail and food services. this initiative is being done under the tent coalition for afghan refugees and the organizations executive director scarlett cronin joins me now in new york city lovely to have you with us. it is a really good initiative, but ijust wonder how you allocate certain jobs to certain refugees because, i think one of the things that is often missed by people as the refugees, the variety of different skills. they notjust going to be stuck in low payjobs, are they? they notjust going to be stuck in low pay jobs, are they?— they notjust going to be stuck in low pay jobs, are they? low pay “obs, are they? thank you so much low pay jobs, are they? thank you so much ahead — low pay jobs, are they? thank you so much ahead of— low pay jobs, are they? thank you so much ahead of me. _ low pay jobs, are they? thank you so much ahead of me. it's _ low pay jobs, are they? thank you so much ahead of me. it's really - much ahead of me. it's really important question and the answer is no. we are working with a diverse array of companies and so we have 30 on board and will get to 50 by monday and outpouring in him coming which isjust been phenomenal and we expected to be really quickly from there. these are companies that really interested in offering opportunities across the business. we look at amazon, for example. yes, they're looking at the distribution centres in the transportation centres, but they're also looking at corporate goals roles in hr and across the business units. same with pfizer for stability manufacturing with every huge need to higher and higher quickly and also looking at management roles. we are very thrilled to be seen that the businesses that are stepping up are not just businesses that are stepping up are notjust looking at entry—level jobs, they're really looking at ways they can support and integrate afghans into a number of different opportunities across the country. across the country or globally because the afghan refugees are dispersed across a number of countries and these are global companies, does that offer or pretend other countries? you're askin: a pretend other countries? you're asking a good — pretend other countries? you're asking a good question. - pretend other countries? you're asking a good question. the - asking a good question. the conversations so far has started with these companies in the us just knowing that this going to be about 100,000 afghans resettled an the rate of 50,000 that are here in military bases and will be relocated across the country, but we are looking at what we can do with other countries as well, we can be added and complementary to the effort and will be underweight for the conversations i suspect many of the companies that are interested in the us would be interested in doing the same in other countries as well. it's just that we are starting here and hopefully in the next few weeks, as this momentum exists right now, but will be able to explore and expand. taste but will be able to explore and exand. ~ ., ., ~ but will be able to explore and exand. ~ ., ., ,, ., expand. we have talked about the labour shortage _ expand. we have talked about the labour shortage in _ expand. we have talked about the labour shortage in the _ expand. we have talked about the labour shortage in the united - expand. we have talked about the l labour shortage in the united states post—pandemic, and a way, this is a win—win for both the companies and refugees. win-win for both the companies and refu~ees. ~ ,,., , win-win for both the companies and refu~ees. , �* , ,, , refugees. absolutely. businesses across the country _ refugees. absolutely. businesses across the country and _ refugees. absolutely. businesses across the country and in - refugees. absolutely. businesses across the country and in other i across the country and in other countries as well in europe, canada, really everywhere are facing these labour shortages and retail manufacturing and hospitality and so companies are delighted to be able to look to new talent in new sources to look to new talent in new sources to bring these skillet individuals into their companies. so, that way it is very challenging circumstances of what is happened and it is heartbreaking, but it is a win, when we look at the possibilities along with the skill intact. so we look at the possibilities along with the skill intact.— we look at the possibilities along with the skill intact. so much more with the skill intact. so much more with the skill intact. so much more with the health _ with the skill intact. so much more with the health of _ with the skill intact. so much more with the health of the _ with the skill intact. so much more with the health of the staff, - with the skill intact. so much more with the health of the staff, the - with the health of the staff, the mental health of their staff there is a specific requirement here for people who have been through specific trauma.— specific trauma. yes, that is absolutely _ specific trauma. yes, that is absolutely the _ specific trauma. yes, that is absolutely the case - specific trauma. yes, that is absolutely the case and - specific trauma. yes, that is absolutely the case and i . specific trauma. yes, that is i absolutely the case and i think specific trauma. yes, that is - absolutely the case and i think that is something that needs to be looked at holistically comes from the wraparound services that need to be provided and i should just say, that is definitely a role for businesses but the work that we do is mobilising the business community, getting them set up in a very practical way. we partner with resettlement agencies across the us and other ngo that set out to provide a holistic set of services to refugees and their families, including mental health and others to make sure that they're able to fully integrate into their communities. it will be an all hands on deck effort. communities. it will be an all hands on deck effort-— communities. it will be an all hands on deck effort. how many 'obs do you think? we on deck effort. how many 'obs do you think? we — on deck effort. how many 'obs do you think? we are ambitious. _ on deck effort. how many jobs do you think? we are ambitious. we - on deck effort. how many jobs do you think? we are ambitious. we know i think? we are ambitious. we know that there's — think? we are ambitious. we know that there's going _ think? we are ambitious. we know that there's going to _ think? we are ambitious. we know that there's going to be _ think? we are ambitious. we know that there's going to be about - that there's going to be about 95,000, if not more because evacuations are still happening. many coming to the us, that includes children and families, but would like to set out to at least hit tens of thousands of jobs like to set out to at least hit tens of thousands ofjobs and be able to do that by quickly. and i think for us, success would be do that by quickly. and i think for us, success would he being able to serve every afghan refugee that comes over. we will do that in partnership with many others but we do have high ambitions here. we've been doing this work for several years and just the companies that are stepping up and coming to us in addition to those were usually in touch with, i'm not actually worried about being able to hit those targets, but we want to do it well make sure that the skills matching and there's other pieces happening in a really effective way. an earthquake has struck the australian state of victoria — damaging buildings in melbourne and causing tremors hundreds of kilometres away. geologists say, the quake is the largest in south—east australia, since the 1800's. shaimaa khalil reports from sydney. this is what melbourne residents in shock assessing the damage after a magnitude six earthquake hit the state of victoria. the north—eastern town of mansfield was the epicentre, but the tremors were felt strongly in the country's second city and as far away as canberra, sydney and adelaide. the prime minister spoke just as he arrived in washington. at this stage, we have had no reports of serious incidents or worse and that is very good news and we hope that that good news will continue, but, obviously, we'll get further reports as the night unfolds here in the united states. but it can be a very, very disturbing event for an earthquake of this nature, they are very rare events in australia, and, as a result, i'm sure people would have been quite distressed and disturbed by that, particularly in the most immediate area affected. several buildings and a hospital were evacuated in melbourne. the australian broadcasting service breakfast presenters were still in the studio when they felt the tremor. 0h, we have never had an earthquake in here before! a heart surgeon was in the middle of an operation when the earthquake hit. it was definitely extrapolated and we could feel the effects of that. fortunately, we were at the stage of the operation where we could sort of, you know, come to a halt and just wait for that to pass. we subsequently carried on and finish the surgery. large tremors of this magnitude are uncommon in australia. this quake, one of the country's largest in recent years, struck at a depth of ten kilometres. victoria state emergency service warned residents about possible after—shocks as the damage from this earthquake continues to emerge. let's look at some of the day's other news brazil's health regulator has recommended that presidentjair bolsonaro and his entourage quarantine after attending the un general assembly. brazilian health minister tested positive for the coronavirus and has been forced to self—isolate in a new york hotel. it's not clear whether mr bolsonaro will follow the recommendation. england's chief medical officer has said children are currently driving transmission of covid—i9, and that without vaccination, almost all 12— to 15—year—olds would get infected at some point. under government plans, children in that age group will now be offered a vaccine. a covid therapy derived from a llama named fifi has shown "significant potential" in early trials. it is a treatment made of "nano—bodies", small versions of antibodies — which llamas produce naturally in response to infection. once the therapy has been tested in humans, it could be given as a nasal spray, to treat and even prevent early infection. stay with us on bbc news, still to come: i was serving in the us military has changed their lives? the family of a primary school teacher who was killed in a south east london park say they are devastated by her death. the metropolitan police believe sabina nessa was attacked at cator park on friday evening ataround 8.30. a man in his 40s who was arrested on suspicion of murder has been released pending further investigation. sabina's cousin zubel ahmed paid tribute and pleaded for witnesses to come forward. we're still in shock. it's been a few days, but it's still not sunk in yet. and we are all truly devastated. her parents are absolutely, absolutely shocked. they're inconsolable still, and understandably so to hear of their daughter being taken away from them by some cowardly man, it's just horrific, it's just horrific. she honestly was the most caring person, kind, sweetest girl you can meet. sabrina's heart was as good as gold. she never had a bad thing to say about anyone. she was... her sisters are going to miss her so much cos she was a family—oriented person, well—educated, brought up well and she loved teaching. she loves kids. she's got a couple of cats at home. she lovesjust, you know, caring for people, for animals, for everything. she was just a beautiful soul. and wejust want justice for sabrina. we want this man caught, and if anyone has any information, just please inform the police. pick up the phone, go on the website, go on twitter dms, go on social media. whatever little information which may seem insignificant, we just need some information to bring some peace to her and herfamily, just bring some closure and catch this predator before he does something else to someone else. the civil sexual assault case against prince andrew is moving forward. yesterday he was formally served papers and his legal team now has three weeks to respond. the papers were sent by lawyers representing virginia giuffre, a woman who says she was forced to have sex with him when she was a minor. prince andrew has consistently denied the claims. i'm joined now by kim wehle legal analyst and professor at university of baltimore school of law. the telegraph, the daily telegraph had this in the paper, the 21 day race to save his reputation and that is because the judge race to save his reputation and that is because thejudge presiding on this case is giving him 21 days to file a response or risk a judgment by default. it is —— what does that mean? -- what does that mean? if you do not resmnd _ -- what does that mean? if you do not resmnd to _ -- what does that mean? if you do not respond to the _ -- what does that mean? if you do not respond to the allegations, - -- what does that mean? if you doj not respond to the allegations, the court will assume that you have basically conceded everything and everything that the complaint if asks for will be automatically charged against you. if she is asking for a lot of money, it would basically be waiving the opportunity for prince andrew to defend himself and concede all the charges. i think there is zero chance that his lawyers were not filed some response in the next three weeks. there lawyers were not filed some response in the next three weeks.— in the next three weeks. there was criticism that _ in the next three weeks. there was criticism that they _ in the next three weeks. there was criticism that they were _ in the next three weeks. there was criticism that they were ducking - in the next three weeks. there was| criticism that they were ducking and diving the lawyers, please taken on a new hollywood lawyer who seemingly has persuaded the prince that there could be an opportunity here clear his name and i want to talk about that. is the onus on the plaintiff different in a civil case than how it is in a criminal case? in a it is in a criminal case? in a criminal— it is in a criminal case? in a criminal case, _ it is in a criminal case? in a criminal case, the - it is in a criminal case? in a criminal case, the burden l it is in a criminal case? in a| criminal case, the burden of it is in a criminal case? in — criminal case, the burden of proof at trial is higher. it is beyond a reasonable doubt, so the prosecutors have to almost be 99 point something sure and persuade the jury that the allegations are true. here, her, hers is actually lower. 15 plus percent and so, it's easier for her in terms of the jury, to persuade thejury that it in terms of the jury, to persuade the jury that it would be for prosecutors and that being said, i'm not so sure that answering is going to clear the prince's name because the next step would be discovery. she is going to be entitled to information from him about his contact with jeffrey epstein and presumably, she is going to seek to depose him, to actually talk to him. and there will probably be a fight about that in terms ofjurisdiction to sit him down for a deposition, but the reason he is answering this complaint and has conceded to service is that this judge, as we spoke last time, was flagging that he was not liking this attempt to basically dodge service and so, now he has to answer the claims. but they think _ he has to answer the claims. but they think they can pick up some of they think they can pick up some of the inconsistencies in her narrative and so, the fact that she said he was drinking but he's a teetotaler. and evidence to the case that she has put forward. obviously, they think there is nothing to lose here because in the court of public opinion, he has already been sullied by everything that is been reported. i wonder if there is some risk if he goes into the civil case and does not engage in it, does that open them up further to a criminal case and does the department ofjustice of differently if she winds the civil case?— of differently if she winds the civil case? , ., ., , , civil case? the question really is what what _ civil case? the question really is what what evidence _ civil case? the question really is what what evidence she - civil case? the question really is what what evidence she digs - civil case? the question really is what what evidence she digs up. civil case? the question really is. what what evidence she digs up. i don't think this is good for him and any way, shape or form don't think this is good for him and any way, shape orform because don't think this is good for him and any way, shape or form because there will be discovery and is required that he respond and whether or not he response or does something like site the fifth amendment against self—incrimination to which she has information to hide. there is for sure a question for his lawyers as to how to protect him against potentially incriminating information because there's already been not only indictment against the late jeffrey epstein been not only indictment against the latejeffrey epstein but his sidekick is facing trial, criminal trial at the end of november and is also a statute of limitations that was essentially lifted in the state of new york for criminal rain charges. these are all quite serious and whether he be extradited to the united states or have any kind of penalty under the criminaljustice system is a totally separate issue, i don't think in any way puts me in a position to clear his name and people, juries kindly on attacking victims. so, this is a very careful tight rope that his lawyers have to walk here in terms of going after this plaintiff. walk here in terms of going after this plaintiff-— this plaintiff. that is not the way it is written _ this plaintiff. that is not the way it is written in _ this plaintiff. that is not the way it is written in the _ this plaintiff. that is not the way it is written in the daily - it is written in the daily telegraph. they think is better to engage and it's an attempt for him to put her on the back foot and you see completely the opposite way. reporting is that he has avoided this and according to them, he has not cooperated with the investigation of the trafficking and he clearly tried to not respond at all to the multiple attempts for service, she has the most famous lawyer in the united states representing her and a lot of people, defendants don't want to get into discovery. that has to open the kimono, so to speak. he has to give information that he so far has stayed behind closed doors in the next phase of this, it's not an easy way out on this he successfully argues thatjeffrey epstein's deal in 2008 protects them and that is one that maxwell so far has not been able to use to protect her. so maybe his lawyers are trained to flood something that this puts me in a better posture for the media for public opinion, but from a legal standpoint, no. this is going to be harderfor him now to hide behind having to answer questions under oath and of course, he needs to say no, i'm not going to answer because it creates criminal liability or is going to have to answer truthfully if face potential perjury charges. unless they can get this dismissed on another basis, saying there is no other legal fresh that protects us from discovery, the discovery process is not good for him and he will be able to ask her questions, but she is the one that potentially can ask the hard questions for him. very good to see. thank you very much. over two decades, more than 800,000 americans deployed to afghanistan, often for long and multiple tours. millions more, the friends and relatives of those who served, were profoundly impacted, too. here is one family's story. music. i had been in the military for 15 or 16 years, and then came 9/11. a few months later, i was on a hillside in nangarhar under rocket attack. my family was incredibly supportive. my wife, ellyn, was in the army for four years. she really understood. every day of every deployment is difficult. it's like almost, like, being a widow, but you're not. they're still there. it was difficult, it was trying, but i learned a tremendous amount and it was an amazing honour. it reinforced my desire tojoin. ijoined at 17. even if we had wanted to try, i don't think we could've talked him out of it. he was actively trying to get sent over there. i love this picture of you. it looks like you were just coming off of a shift. yeah, same mission that got six guys hurt, same mission - where we lost the interpreter. yeah, i remembersomething, i remember when you told me that story. cos that was the first i'd heard about it. yeah. i wanted it. i sought it out. i probably could've gone into it a little bit wiser, i but experience is the best teacher. hello there. this long—range weather forecast takes us right through until the end of september. a month which so far hasn't looked or felt that autumnal, aside from a bit of mist and murk here and there. in fact, many of us have seen blue skies and sunshine, and it's felt more like late summer because we've been to the south of the jet stream, keeping us in some relatively warm air. now, for thursday, thejet stream tries to dig southwards, introducing something a bit colder into the far north of the uk, but this really is only the far north, the northern isles, the north of mainland scotland, seeing some rather chilly conditions through thursday. a lot of cloud for central and southern scotland, northern ireland, north—west england, some spots of rain. also a band of cloud for southern england, but in between, wales, the midlands, east anglia seeing some sunshine and some warmth. however, quite a chilly day across the far north, 11 degrees there in lerwick. through thursday night, though, we see this band of cloud and rain pushing its way eastwards and that reintroduces some warmer air because that cloud and rain is associated with a warm front, and behind it, well, the winds go back to westerlies, bringing some milder air in from the atlantic. you can see the cold air is once again trapped away to the north of us. so, things feeling pretty warm on friday, particularly where you see some sunshine, for eastern and southern areas. we will see quite a lot of cloud feeding in across northern ireland, western scotland, north—west england into wales, but even here feeling quite mild, despite a few spots of rain, and top temperatures in the south up to 23, maybe 2a degrees. now, as we head in to the weekend, high pressure is going to begin to build to the east of us. we've got low pressure to the west, that will eventually set up a southerly wind, that will keep us in some relatively warm air. a lot of dry weather around on saturday, i suspect quite a lot of cloud, still the potential for some spots of rain in western scotland, and some showers creeping up from the south later in the day. they could affect the channel islands, but again, in the sunnier spots, temperatures up to 22 or 23 degrees. for the second half of the weekend, this little frontal system here does introduce a greater chance of showers during sunday. we start to see that southerly wind picking up, that wind coming from quite a warm direction, so it's not going to feel chilly by any means, but you can see the greater chance of some showers on sunday. still some sunny spells and temperatures up to 21 or 22 degrees. but this frontal system will approach from the west, we suspect, by the end of the day, maybe bringing some rain into northern ireland to end the weekend, and then that frontal system pushes its way eastwards as we get in to monday. it is a cold front, behind it the air will turn a little bit cooler again, and once that rain clears away, we're expecting a mix of sunshine and showers, some of these showers, though, will be on the heavy side. turning quite breezy in western areas but those temperatures may be a little bit lower by this stage, 15 to 20 degrees. and that sets us up for next week because, remember the jet stream, we've have been to the south of it in the warm air, well, it looks like thejet stream is going to dig its way further southwards. you can see the orange colours moving away, the yellow, even the blue colours starting to move in our direction, so some cooler air and low pressure likely to take control of our weather. the detail still very uncertain at this range, but next week does look like a more unsettled week. it will be cooler, it's likely to be windier, with some outbreaks of rain at times. equally, some drier interludes, but for the end of september and indeed the start of october, it is likely to feel a bit more like autumn. tonight at 10pm... another two energy suppliers go out of business, victims of the sharp rise in the cost of gas. the firms are green supplier and avro energy, with 800,000 customers between them, making six company closures in the past week. as the price of gas continues to rock the industry, the regulator warns there could be worse to come. we are in unpredecented cost territory, and i'm afraid, you know, there are many, many factors that have contributed to that. so, it's very, very hard to predict how long that will last. we'll be looking at the continued impact of a sixfold rise in wholesale gas prices since last year. also tonight... at the white house, borisjohnson gets a clear message that a free trade deal with the us won't be happening any time soon. we report from india, where the economy is still heavily dependent on coal, as the pressure grows to move away from fossil fuels.

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