tonight, we will be reflecting on the life of his royal highness the duke of edinburgh, who passed away peacefully at windsor castle this morning. he was the queen's consort for over 73 years, the patriarch of the royal family. he lived to the age of 99, just weeks away from his 100th birthday. he retired from public duties in 2017, but his dedication and loyalty to the queen, the country and commonwealth was unwavering. the queen is at windsor castle, where she had been with the duke since he left hospital less than three weeks ago. earlier today, buckingham palace issued this statement. "it is with deep sorrow that her majesty the queen announces the death of her beloved husband, his royal highness the prince philip, duke of edinburgh. his royal highness passed away peacefully this morning at windsor castle. further announcements will be made in due course. the royal familyjoin with people around the world in mourning his loss." since his death was announced at midday, flags across the country have been lowered to half—mast. there have been tributes paid to the duke from both here and around the world. it is to her majesty and her family that our nation's thoughts must turn today, because they have lost not just a much loved and highly respected public figure but a devoted husband and proud and loving father, grandfather and in recent years, great grandfather. fine father, grandfather and in recent years, great grandfather.- father, grandfather and in recent years, great grandfather. one of the many testimonies _ years, great grandfather. one of the many testimonies remembering - years, great grandfather. one of the many testimonies remembering the | many testimonies remembering the duke today. sonali shah is at windsor castle for us now. what is the atmosphere like there tonight? figs us now. what is the atmosphere like there tonight?— there tonight? as you well know, windsor is _ there tonight? as you well know, windsor is a _ there tonight? as you well know, windsor is a town _ there tonight? as you well know, windsor is a town which - there tonight? as you well know, windsor is a town which has - there tonight? as you well know, windsor is a town which has seen j there tonight? as you well know, i windsor is a town which has seen so many royal events. i was here for the queen's 90th birthday a few years ago, and more recently, there have been royal weddings, but the mood as you would expect is notjust a sombre, it isjust so mood as you would expect is notjust a sombre, it is just so very, very quiet. and that is because while the death of his royal highness the duke of edinburgh is a national loss, for the people here, it feels like a very personal loss. he was part of the community here. for the past year the queen and prince philip had beenin year the queen and prince philip had been in isolation here with a small group of household staff, nicknamed hms bubble. i have been reading some of the very personal tributes. 0ne of the very personal tributes. one of the very personal tributes. one of them just said dear philip and it had a heart on it. many of them were directly addressed to the queen. 0ne letter clearly stood out to me which had been written by a small child, and it said... dear queen elizabeth, i hope yourfamily is and it said... dear queen elizabeth, i hope your family is looking after you. iamjoined i am joined now by the actress dame penelope keith and by the broadcaster and journalist robert hardman. robert, a terribly sad day for the united kingdom, but our thoughts must really be for the queen, they had been married more than 73 years, longer than most people have lived for? absolutely riaht, people have lived for? absolutely right. sophie- _ people have lived for? absolutely right, sophie. there _ people have lived for? absolutely right, sophie. there is _ people have lived for? absolutely right, sophie. there is has - people have lived for? absolutely right, sophie. there is has been i people have lived for? absolutely i right, sophie. there is has been the longest royal marriage in history. he has been the longest serving consort to the longest reigning monarch. we have clearly continued to live through the reign of one of the greats, and what she has accomplished has been so very much down to the duke of edinburgh, he has been this titanic figure. you really have to go back to somebody like prince albert to find the last time that a man married into this family and had this sort of impact. and of course, our thoughts are with her. but i think the whole world is in mourning tonight. don't forget she is queen of 15 other countries, she is queen of 15 other countries, she is queen of 15 other countries, she is head of the commonwealth, over 2 billion people, right around the world, this news is being digestive and people are just reflecting on the times that they have seen him, because the queen is more travelled than any other monarchy in history, and wherever she went, he went.— monarchy in history, and wherever she went, he went. let's talk about what we knew _ she went, he went. let's talk about what we knew of _ she went, he went. let's talk about what we knew of the _ she went, he went. let's talk about what we knew of the man. - she went, he went. let's talk about what we knew of the man. his - what we knew of the man. his personality, his character, public and private, were clearly very different. both of you met him on a number of occasions, i know, you would not describe yourself as a friend but you met him on a number of occasions, what was he like with you? of occasions, what was he like with ou? ., of occasions, what was he like with ou? . . . you? charming, charming. immediately, _ you? charming, charming. immediately, one - you? charming, charming. immediately, one felt - you? charming, charming. immediately, one felt as l you? charming, charming. - immediately, one felt as though one was talking to someone that one newcomer— was talking to someone that one newcomer which of course, i was, because _ newcomer which of course, i was, because i— newcomer which of course, i was, because i have known him all my life. because i have known him all my life from — because i have known him all my life. from the television and seeing pictures _ life. from the television and seeing pictures. but he immediately put you at your— pictures. but he immediately put you at your ease — pictures. but he immediately put you at your ease puzzles which was... i first met _ at your ease puzzles which was... i first met him, i remember, when i wasat_ first met him, i remember, when i wasata— first met him, i remember, when i was at a reception, and one immediately smiled when you met him. and you _ immediately smiled when you met him. and you say— immediately smiled when you met him. and you say he was very different publicly— and you say he was very different publicly and personally, i didn't find that, — publicly and personally, i didn't find that, i wouldn't say i knew him personally. — find that, i wouldn't say i knew him personally, but i found very much the twinkle in the eye was there most _ the twinkle in the eye was there most of— the twinkle in the eye was there most of the time.— the twinkle in the eye was there most of the time. that is what a lot of --eole most of the time. that is what a lot of peeple have _ most of the time. that is what a lot of people have spoken _ most of the time. that is what a lot of people have spoken about - most of the time. that is what a lot| of people have spoken about today, the humour, the smile, the mischief, you interviewed him on many occasions, and that is something that really stood out? absolutely. you really had _ that really stood out? absolutely. you really had to _ that really stood out? absolutely. you really had to be _ that really stood out? absolutely. you really had to be on _ that really stood out? absolutely. you really had to be on top - that really stood out? absolutely. you really had to be on top of- that really stood out? absolutely. | you really had to be on top of your game when you were interviewing the duke, no question. butjust thinking back about those moments, it does bring a smile, because he was razor—sharp on so many things, and he did enjoy an argument. he did enjoy a proper debate about so many issues. i rememberat enjoy a proper debate about so many issues. i remember at the end of the last interview i did, i asked him, what you think your legacy will be, sir? hejust said, i think it is very indecent to even think about a legacy, others will have to decide. and here we are trying to start to address that legacy, and it is absolutely great. there are millions of people all around the world who have been changed by his awards scheme, everything he has done in the field of conservation, it is so hard to know where to start because he has achieved so much, and always, always had that quest for the new idea, he loved slightly catching you out. one thing hasjust idea, he loved slightly catching you out. one thing has just come idea, he loved slightly catching you out. one thing hasjust come into my head, i had been driving around the park with him and i kept noticing that all the speed signs were saying speed limit, 38mph. he said, you see, you noticed it! that speed limit, 38mph. he said, you see, you noticed it!— see, you noticed it! that is the thin , see, you noticed it! that is the thing. he _ see, you noticed it! that is the thing, he loved _ see, you noticed it! that is the thing, he loved to _ see, you noticed it! that is the thing, he loved to catch - see, you noticed it! that is the| thing, he loved to catch people see, you noticed it! that is the - thing, he loved to catch people out, but he was razor—sharp, his intelligence was very evident. phenomenal. i intelligence was very evident. phenomenal.— intelligence was very evident. phenomenal. ,. ., ., phenomenal. i saw a tweet from the -h sicist phenomenal. i saw a tweet from the physicist cox — phenomenal. i saw a tweet from the physicist cox saying _ phenomenal. i saw a tweet from the physicist cox saying that _ phenomenal. i saw a tweet from the physicist cox saying that he - phenomenal. i saw a tweet from the physicist cox saying that he sat - physicist cox saying that he sat next to him at a lunch a few years ago and he talked to him about relativity and relativity and cosmology, and brian cox said, i couldn't eat anything, he really knew what he was talking about. yes. knew what he was talking about. yes, he is the author _ knew what he was talking about. yes, he is the author of _ knew what he was talking about. yes, he is the author of over _ knew what he was talking about. yes he is the author of over a dozen books. the most recent one was a series of very well argued theological essays with the dean of windsor, he was fascinated by all aspects of religion, of science, technology, this is someone who, all the way through the reign, was very clear to steer the monarchy into the 20th and 21st century, the first member of the royal family to give a television interview, and very much behind the first royal documentary. so, although there is a perception of this very hidebound institution, rooted in tradition, he was a man who took on some of those traditionalists, because he could see the way that society was moving. and in many ways he was a great mover, a great progressive. i once asked him, you're a bit of a rebel, sir, aren't you? he said, not a revel, no, butan sir, aren't you? he said, not a revel, no, but an innovator. charity was his great _ revel, no, but an innovator. charity was his great passion, _ revel, no, but an innovator. charity was his great passion, wasn't - revel, no, but an innovator. charity was his great passion, wasn't it, i revel, no, but an innovator. charityj was his great passion, wasn't it, he did so much work, i read somewhere that i think he had more than 22,000 royal engagements on his own between 1952 and 2017, extraordinary the amount of work he did. i 1952 and 2017, extraordinary the amount of work he did.- 1952 and 2017, extraordinary the amount of work he did. i have been at various prizegiving _ amount of work he did. i have been at various prizegiving is, _ amount of work he did. i have been at various prizegiving is, awards - at various prizegiving is, awards giving _ at various prizegiving is, awards giving is — at various prizegiving is, awards giving is at _ at various prizegiving is, awards giving is at st james's palace, so that giving is at stjames's palace, so that is— giving is at st james's palace, so that is when i first met the duke, but i _ that is when i first met the duke, hut i met— that is when i first met the duke, but i met him more closely i suppose during _ but i met him more closely i suppose during jubilee year. he decided to have one — during jubilee year. he decided to have one charity, i think the queen had four, _ have one charity, i think the queen had four, he — have one charity, i think the queen had four, he had won, and that was for the _ had four, he had won, and that was for the commonwealth act services league _ for the commonwealth act services league. and it was a passion of his because _ league. and it was a passion of his because a — league. and it was a passion of his because a lot of these gentlemen, he had fought— because a lot of these gentlemen, he had fought with in the war, and they were now— had fought with in the war, and they were now scattered all over the commonwealth, and some of them were livin- commonwealth, and some of them were living in_ commonwealth, and some of them were living in dire _ commonwealth, and some of them were living in dire poverty, and that is when _ living in dire poverty, and that is when i _ living in dire poverty, and that is when i first— living in dire poverty, and that is when i first met him, and you talk about— when i first met him, and you talk about debate, robert, but you didn't feel that _ about debate, robert, but you didn't feel that he was trying to put you down _ feel that he was trying to put you down i— feel that he was trying to put you down. i rememberthe first feel that he was trying to put you down. i remember the first thing feel that he was trying to put you down. i rememberthe first thing i said, _ down. i rememberthe first thing i said, someone said come someone was talking _ said, someone said come someone was talking about _ said, someone said come someone was talking about being proactive, and it is talking about being proactive, and it is a _ talking about being proactive, and it is a word — talking about being proactive, and it is a word i hate, because i think you are _ it is a word i hate, because i think you are either active or inactive, and we — you are either active or inactive, and we had _ you are either active or inactive, and we had quite a long debate about whether— and we had quite a long debate about whether proactive was a word. i don't _ whether proactive was a word. i don't think— whether proactive was a word. i don't think either of us won! it don't think either of us won! seems to don't think either of us won! it seems to sum him up very well, he loved that, didn't he, he loved the challenge and the debate. lovely talking to you both for now. we are going to talk about now the great partnership between the queen and the duke of edinburgh, because the well family is of course one of the most famous families in the world. it can be easy to forget sometimes they are just that — a family with a remarkable couple at its heart. last november, the queen and the duke celebrated 73 years of marriage. here, in their own words, they reflect on that unique partnership. the fact of the matter is, that a marriage involves two partners. when there is lots to do time seems to fly and it appears to us at least that we've been fairly busy over the last 50 years. and the time has of course flashed past. until, that is, you start looking back and try to recall what things were like 50 years ago. and you begin to realise how much has changed. in the autumn of191i7, we got married. everyone seemed to think that our wedding was a very happy occasion and brought a little colour back to life after the dreary war — we certainly thought so. we were then fortunate to enjoy five happy years of fairly conventional married life which included two years with a home of our own in malta while i was in the navy. of course, this period came to an abrupt end when the queen had the melancholy duty of succeeding her father after his premature death in 1952. she was 25 and i was 30 and we had two small children. life as you can imagine changed dramatically in many ways. but it had much less effect on our married life than i anticipated, and then after an interval of ten hectic years we had two more children and were more or less settled into our new way of life. like all families we went through the full range of pleasures and tribulations of bringing up children. much can be done by an individual but i'm sufficiently old—fashioned to believe that a great deal more can be achieved by a partnership in marriage. all too often i fear prince philip has had to listen to me speaking. frequently we have discussed my intended speech beforehand. and as you will imagine, his views have been expressed in a forthright manner. laughter. the main lesson that we've learnt is that tolerance is the one essential ingredient of any happy marriage. it may not be quite so important when things are going well but it is absolutely vital when things get difficult. and you can take it from me, that the queen has the quality of tolerance in abundance. laughter. he is someone who doesn't take easily to compliments. but he has quite simply been my strength and stay all these years. and i and his whole family, and this and many other countries, owe him a debt greater than he will ever claim or we shall ever know. i'm joined now by the royal correspondent for the times and sunday times for over a decade, roya nikkhah. and royal biographer and a man who knew the duke very well, gyles brandreth. an extraordinary partnership? an an extraordinary partnership? in extraordinary partnership with longevity, the likes of which we very rarely see, and so wonderful to listen to those tributes both from her majesty and from duke of edinburgh on that extraordinary partnership, and very touching when you hear it in their own words what they meant to each other. i think because prince philip was such an incredible, quiet man, he was so strong behind the scenes for so many years, he was not someone to bang the drum about his contribution to national life and to her majesty'slife, it is quite easy to forget how important he has been in terms of the family and her success and the success of her reign and watching a film like that i think is extremely moving, to remember the affection between them. i am remembering now that photograph of them which the palace put out at the end of last year for their 73rd wedding anniversary in windsor castle, and she will miss him deeply. it castle, and she will miss him deel . ., castle, and she will miss him deel . . ., castle, and she will miss him deel. . . deeply. it will have a huge impact on her, deeply. it will have a huge impact on her. his— deeply. it will have a huge impact on her, his death, _ deeply. it will have a huge impact on her, his death, not _ deeply. it will have a huge impact. on her, his death, not unexpected, he was 99, but still. after 73 years, such a long time, they— after 73 years, such a long time, they met — after 73 years, such a long time, they met in — after 73 years, such a long time, they met in the 1930s, even earlier than it— they met in the 1930s, even earlier than it says — they met in the 1930s, even earlier than it says on the news, when it says _ than it says on the news, when it says they — than it says on the news, when it says they met in 1939 but prince philip _ says they met in 1939 but prince philip told me they had met before at family— philip told me they had met before at family wedding. they fell in love in at family wedding. they fell in love in the _ at family wedding. they fell in love in the 1940s and from 1947 they have been a _ in the 1940s and from 1947 they have been a unique couple, you because nohody— been a unique couple, you because nobody in _ been a unique couple, you because nobody in the world can treat the queen— nobody in the world can treat the queen normally, nobody ever does treat the _ queen normally, nobody ever does treat the queen normally, there is an invisibie — treat the queen normally, there is an invisible moat around her, and her family— an invisible moat around her, and herfamily when an invisible moat around her, and her family when they meet her, her children_ her family when they meet her, her children curtsy, the only person in the world — children curtsy, the only person in the world who can treat the queen as a woman— the world who can treat the queen as a woman and — the world who can treat the queen as a woman and a wife was prince philip and the _ a woman and a wife was prince philip and the only— a woman and a wife was prince philip and the only person in the world who could _ and the only person in the world who could say— and the only person in the world who could say to — and the only person in the world who could say to prince philip, do shut up, could say to prince philip, do shut up. was _ could say to prince philip, do shut up. was the — could say to prince philip, do shut up, was the queen, and she did. there— up, was the queen, and she did. there was— up, was the queen, and she did. there wasa— up, was the queen, and she did. there was a real glint when they were talking about each other. fine were talking about each other. one ofthe were talking about each other. one of the great — were talking about each other. one of the great thing he gave her, and she talks _ of the great thing he gave her, and she talks about, she talked about him being — she talks about, she talked about him being hurt strength and support, but also _ him being hurt strength and support, but also what i saw when i saw them together. _ but also what i saw when i saw them together, he made her laugh. i remember during one of the jubilee tours. _ remember during one of the jubilee tours. i— remember during one of the jubilee tours. i was— remember during one of the jubilee tours, i was in the car behind theirs. — tours, i was in the car behind theirs, they had had a long day, visiting — theirs, they had had a long day, visiting a — theirs, they had had a long day, visiting a particular town, they got together— visiting a particular town, they got together in their car at the end of the day. — together in their car at the end of the day, and i followed them for about— the day, and i followed them for about 20 — the day, and i followed them for about 20 miles behind them, and she oppositely— about 20 miles behind them, and she oppositely asked him something and he began _ oppositely asked him something and he began telling a story and for 20 minutes— he began telling a story and for 20 minutes the duke of edinburgh made the queen— minutes the duke of edinburgh made the queen laugh and laugh and laugh. and a _ the queen laugh and laugh and laugh. and a few— the queen laugh and laugh and laugh. and a few years later i went with them _ and a few years later i went with them to— and a few years later i went with them to the last time they went to them to the last time they went to the royat— them to the last time they went to the royal variety show and the interval— the royal variety show and the interval came. the queen went into the big _ interval came. the queen went into the big reception area to meet these showbiz— the big reception area to meet these showbiz figures and the queen is quite _ showbiz figures and the queen is quite small but she was in the middle — quite small but she was in the middle of— quite small but she was in the middle of the group. i was standing with prince — middle of the group. i was standing with prince philip and he was holding — with prince philip and he was holding his drink. across the crowded _ holding his drink. across the crowded room at the queen looked up and caught— crowded room at the queen looked up and caught his eye, and smiled at him _ and caught his eye, and smiled at him he _ and caught his eye, and smiled at him. he simply raised his glass towards — him. he simply raised his glass towards her and winked and i thought. _ towards her and winked and i thought, of course, these two have this connection that only they could have _ this connection that only they could have. �* , ., . , this connection that only they could have. �* ., ,, ., , this connection that only they could have. �* ., ,, ., have. after so many years of marriage- — have. after so many years of marriage. the _ have. after so many years of marriage. the extraordinaryl have. after so many years of - marriage. the extraordinary thing about the duke was the role he took on, he had no constitutional role and the queen came to the throne earlier than anyone ever thought she would. all of a sudden, what could have been a growing naval career, he had no constitutional role and he had no constitutional role and he had to take a step back and support the queen which what a man in those days was almost unheard of. it really was, and that is another thing we forget about him, how modern he was. this was a man in the 19505, it was not a time for a man in his position to be taking a back seat and there was no role and he made one for himself. he became this great moderniser and he shook things up great moderniser and he shook things up at the palace and came up against an enormous amount of opposition. he was the original disrupter. the other thing it is important to remember, while the queen has always been the head of state and the head of nation in that partnership, prince philip was head of the family and the queen look to him as the head of the family. in more recent years, we read and hear a lot about the difficult relationship between the difficult relationship between the duke and some of his children but actually he was the person who was involved in choosing their schooling and he was very hands—on and he did bath time when they were young, it was a very modern man for his time. we saw that later in life with the causes he chose to support. this was a man who could have gone to the top of the navy. he did extraordinary things for a man in his position. the extraordinary things for a man in his position-— extraordinary things for a man in his position. the queen wore the crown, his position. the queen wore the crown. and _ his position. the queen wore the crown. and he — his position. the queen wore the crown, and he wore _ his position. the queen wore the crown, and he wore the - his position. the queen wore thej crown, and he wore the trousers. his position. the queen wore the. crown, and he wore the trousers. i asked _ crown, and he wore the trousers. i asked him — crown, and he wore the trousers. i asked him when king george vi died, i said. _ asked him when king george vi died, i said. were _ asked him when king george vi died, i said, were there people there teiiing — i said, were there people there telling you what to do? he said, no, they were _ telling you what to do? he said, no, they were telling me not what to do. i said. _ they were telling me not what to do. i said. was— they were telling me not what to do. i said, was there the example of prince _ i said, was there the example of prince albert, the consort? he said, hold on. _ prince albert, the consort? he said, hold on. that — prince albert, the consort? he said, hold on, that was 100 years ago, prince _ hold on, that was 100 years ago, prince albert was the private secretary, there was no role, and so we had _ secretary, there was no role, and so we had to— secretary, there was no role, and so we had to invent his own role. in doing _ we had to invent his own role. in doing that. — we had to invent his own role. in doing that, curiously, he and a sense — doing that, curiously, he and a sense invented the modern royal family— sense invented the modern royal family because the queen is a traditional sovereign, she has done what has _ traditional sovereign, she has done what has gone before and she is conservative by nature, but prince philip _ conservative by nature, but prince philip is _ conservative by nature, but prince philip is a — conservative by nature, but prince philip is a dynamo. we assume they've — philip is a dynamo. we assume they've always had an interest in young _ they've always had an interest in young people, mental health, the environment, but these things were pioneered _ environment, but these things were pioneered by prince philip in the 1950s _ pioneered by prince philip in the 1950s. we pioneered by prince philip in the 19505. ~ , ., ., ~ 19505. we must all -- also think about his children _ 19505. we must all -- also think about his children because - 19505. we must all -- also think| about his children because during the pandemic they have not been able to spend as much time as they would want with their father. we know prince charles was able to see him, but what kind of relationship did he have with his four children? he was a hands-on — have with his four children? he was a hands-on father _ have with his four children? he was a hands-on father in _ have with his four children? he was a hands-on father in the _ have with his four children? he was a hands-on father in the early - have with his four children? he was a hands-on father in the early days| a hands—on father in the early days and all— a hands—on father in the early days and all the — a hands—on father in the early days and all the people who i interviewed who knew _ and all the people who i interviewed who knew him then said he was down on his— who knew him then said he was down on his hands— who knew him then said he was down on his hands and knees playing with bedtime _ on his hands and knees playing with bedtime stories. xir'ery on his hands and knees playing with bedtime stories.— bedtime stories. very different to his own childhood. _ bedtime stories. very different to his own childhood. his _ bedtime stories. very different to his own childhood. his own - bedtime stories. very different to - his own childhood. his own childhood was fraught- — his own childhood. his own childhood was fraught- he _ his own childhood. his own childhood was fraught. he was _ his own childhood. his own childhood was fraught. he was the _ his own childhood. his own childhood was fraught. he was the grandson . his own childhood. his own childhood was fraught. he was the grandson of| was fraught. he was the grandson of the king _ was fraught. he was the grandson of the king of— was fraught. he was the grandson of the king of greece who was assassinated. his own father was driven— assassinated. his own father was driven into — assassinated. his own father was driven into exile and his own family collapsed _ driven into exile and his own family collapsed when he was a young person — collapsed when he was a young person. he tried to be the family man— person. he tried to be the family man and — person. he tried to be the family man and do his best. he loved his education — man and do his best. he loved his education at gordonstoun, gordonstoun school in scotland, and enjoying _ gordonstoun school in scotland, and enjoying the royal navy, and he thought— enjoying the royal navy, and he thought this was the thing to give his children. it worked for some of them _ his children. it worked for some of them and — his children. it worked for some of them and did not work for others. but as— them and did not work for others. but as he — them and did not work for others. but as he always used to say, he did his best _ but as he always used to say, he did his best. when you said, this went wrong. _ his best. when you said, this went wrong. that— his best. when you said, this went wrong, that went wrong, he said, we are a _ wrong, that went wrong, he said, we are a family. — wrong, that went wrong, he said, we are a family, and these things happen— are a family, and these things happen in— are a family, and these things happen in a family.— are a family, and these things happen in a family. what he is passionate _ happen in a family. what he is passionate about, _ happen in a family. what he is passionate about, he - happen in a family. what he is passionate about, he has - happen in a family. what he is i passionate about, he has passed happen in a family. what he is - passionate about, he has passed on to his children and grandchildren, like the environment. yes. to his children and grandchildren, like the environment.— like the environment. yes, when there was _ like the environment. yes, when there was no _ like the environment. yes, when there was no role _ like the environment. yes, when there was no role for— like the environment. yes, when there was no role for him, - like the environment. yes, when there was no role for him, he - like the environment. yes, when - there was no role for him, he carved out interests in things like the environment, conservation, he was part of founding the world wildlife fund, and the prince of charles was seen as ahead of his time, but the prince of charles and the duke of cambridge have got this from the duke of edinburgh. prince william hasjust duke of edinburgh. prince william has just launched a price, duke of edinburgh. prince william hasjust launched a price, but in fact it was his grandfather prince philip who was so far ahead of his time in terms of the environment and conservation. that would be wonderfully one of his lasting legacies. it wonderfully one of his lasting leuacies. . wonderfully one of his lasting leuacies. , . ., , wonderfully one of his lasting leuacies. _ ., , , , legacies. it is curious because we see him as _ legacies. it is curious because we see him as an _ legacies. it is curious because we see him as an old _ legacies. it is curious because we see him as an old man _ legacies. it is curious because we see him as an old man and - legacies. it is curious because we see him as an old man and young people _ see him as an old man and young people will— see him as an old man and young people will think of him as an old man but— people will think of him as an old man but i— people will think of him as an old man but i first met him nearly 50 years— man but i first met him nearly 50 years ago— man but i first met him nearly 50 years ago and he was such a dynamo. he was— years ago and he was such a dynamo. he was questing and always asking questions, enquiring fascinated by science _ questions, enquiring fascinated by science of— questions, enquiring fascinated by science of what was going to happen next _ science of what was going to happen next. ., . ., science of what was going to happen next. . . ., write science of what was going to happen next-_ write to - science of what was going to happen next._ write to the l next. that continued. write to the end. next. that continued. write to the end- what — next. that continued. write to the end- what is _ next. that continued. write to the end. what is interesting _ next. that continued. write to the end. what is interesting about - next. that continued. write to the | end. what is interesting about him, my grandson was at a charity event today. _ my grandson was at a charity event today. and — my grandson was at a charity event today, and he was doing some work as part of— today, and he was doing some work as part of his _ today, and he was doing some work as part of his duke of edinburgh gold award. _ part of his duke of edinburgh gold award. so — part of his duke of edinburgh gold award, so this man born 100 years a-o award, so this man born 100 years ago is _ award, so this man born 100 years ago is having an impact on the lives of thousands of children now. that is an extraordinary _ of thousands of children now. trust is an extraordinary legacy. for now, both of you, thank you. it may come as a surprise that prince philip was very creative and photography and painting were two of his favourite hobbies. over the years he sat for many official portraits and here two artists share their experiences of painting the duke in that intimate setting. i have very fond memories of my sittings with him. he's a fascinating person to talk to. and the sittings would fly past. it really took me by surprise in what a genuine interest he took in art. notjust talking about pictures but looking and rooting through my paintbox, actually asking me about oil colour and wanting to learn a little more about painting technique. from day one he was asking me questions about what i was doing and why. far more than anybody who was just uidly curious. so after a while i said, you seem to know a lot about it. i said, have you done any painting yourself? he said, i'm glad you've asked, i've just taken it up again recently. he said next time he'll bring some of his own work in and your heart always slightly sinks in that situation. they were kind of in the style of maybe early 20th century, modernist european painters, there was an influence of, i would say, bonnard, matisse, those kind of people. they were really pretty good. as a young man, engaged to the young princess elizabeth, he would stay at windsor castle and he said that at lights out, when the family had retired for the night, he would find a torch and go creeping around the state rooms just to look at the pictures. what made the time with him so interesting was that i felt that he was sharing, not just time, but actually intellect, a passion, his enthusiasms. there was an openness in the man that probably took me by surprise. i'm delighted to be nowjoined by prue leith who was chairman of the royal society of arts when the duke was the president. and we are also joined by robert hardman again. prue, the duke had a lifelong interest in art as a patron, collector and as we saw there, an artist. as president of the royal society of arts, how knowledgeable was he? the fact is he was interested in everything, and our organisation is for the encouragement of arts commerce and he added science and the environment to that. as everybody knows, hejust the environment to that. as everybody knows, he just knew a lot and was interested in everything. in that film, the idea of him walking around the palaces by torchlight, he was so interested in art and there are incredible collections in the palaces. in him looking at it and taking such interest.— taking such interest. after the queen became _ taking such interest. after the queen became a _ taking such interest. after the queen became a queen, - taking such interest. after the queen became a queen, he i taking such interest. after the i queen became a queen, he took taking such interest. after the - queen became a queen, he took a very keen interest, notjust on where things— keen interest, notjust on where things were hanging in the various palaces. _ things were hanging in the various palaces, he was instrumental in rearranging a lot of it, but he decided — rearranging a lot of it, but he decided it— rearranging a lot of it, but he decided it was important to get new artists— decided it was important to get new artists and — decided it was important to get new artists and encourage new artists, so in _ artists and encourage new artists, so in edinburgh, for example, he made— so in edinburgh, for example, he made sure— so in edinburgh, for example, he made sure that he filled it up, every— made sure that he filled it up, every year— made sure that he filled it up, every year he would go and look at collections — every year he would go and look at collections of new young artists in scotland — collections of new young artists in scotland and it is by no means all old masters. he's a talented artist himself— old masters. he's a talented artist himself as — old masters. he's a talented artist himself as we touched on and he inherited — himself as we touched on and he inherited that from his own father and the _ inherited that from his own father and the prince wales is very much a keen— and the prince wales is very much a keen artist— and the prince wales is very much a keen artist as well. the difference between _ keen artist as well. the difference between them, the duke has always been one _ between them, the duke has always been one for oils and the prince loves _ been one for oils and the prince loves watercolours. he been one for oils and the prince loves watercolours.— been one for oils and the prince loves watercolours. he started at a ounr loves watercolours. he started at a young age? — loves watercolours. he started at a young age? he _ loves watercolours. he started at a young age? he learned _ loves watercolours. he started at a young age? he learned to - loves watercolours. he started at a young age? he learned to paint - young age? he learned to paint --roerl young age? he learned to paint properly on _ young age? he learned to paint properly on britannia _ young age? he learned to paint properly on britannia in - young age? he learned to paint properly on britannia in the - properly on britannia in the atlantic. _ properly on britannia in the atlantic, with a wonderful old artist. — atlantic, with a wonderful old artist, edward seago, in the 1950s and 60s. — artist, edward seago, in the 1950s and 60s, and that is when he took a proper— and 60s, and that is when he took a proper interest. he has been very modest _ proper interest. he has been very modest about it. on the rare occasions _ modest about it. on the rare occasions when his work has been on display— occasions when his work has been on display people have been impressed, there was— display people have been impressed, there was a _ display people have been impressed, there was a charming picture he painted — there was a charming picture he painted of— there was a charming picture he painted of the queen at breakfast. it definitely deserves a wider audience but as as as been said before. — audience but as as as been said before. he _ audience but as as as been said before, he was quite modest, he was actually— before, he was quite modest, he was actually rather shy. he quite like painting — actually rather shy. he quite like painting and he thought they were quite _ painting and he thought they were quite good, but they deserve a wider audience. _ quite good, but they deserve a wider audience, and maybe now they will -et audience, and maybe now they will get one _ audience, and maybe now they will aet one. ., , ,, ., ., get one. you help commission not “ust a get one. you help commission not just a painting _ get one. you help commission not just a painting of— get one. you help commission not just a painting of the _ get one. you help commission not just a painting of the queen - get one. you help commission not just a painting of the queen but i just a painting of the queen but also a statue of the queen? yes. just a painting of the queen but also a statue of the queen? yes, the aintin: also a statue of the queen? yes, the painting when — also a statue of the queen? yes, the painting when i _ also a statue of the queen? yes, the painting when i was _ also a statue of the queen? yes, the painting when i was chair _ also a statue of the queen? yes, the painting when i was chair of - also a statue of the queen? yes, the painting when i was chair of the - also a statue of the queen? yes, the painting when i was chair of the rsal painting when i was chair of the rsa and we wanted the... the queen is our patron and we wanted a portrait of her, and with the help of the queen's pictures boss, what is his title? we chose a young artist called justin mortimer to paint her picture. the thing about young artists, if they get such an opportunity, painting the queen, of course they want publicity and they want to be on the front page of the evening standard. i remember going to this artist studio and him saying, do you want to see the picture of the queen because it is ready? he pulled down the cloth in front of these and i just thought, the council of the rsa will never accept it at the palace will never accept it at the palace will never accept it at the palace will never accept it because the queen is off. it was slightly to the side. i rushed back and look at the contract to find out if we had to buy this picture. i discovered that if we didn't like it, if the council did not like it we could refuse it, so i had to show it, transparency, to prince philip, and... i had to show it, transparency, to prince philip, and...— had to show it, transparency, to prince philip, and... i bet you were slirhtl prince philip, and... i bet you were slightly nervous. _ prince philip, and... i bet you were slightly nervous. i _ prince philip, and... i bet you were slightly nervous. i was _ prince philip, and... i bet you were slightly nervous. i was terrified. . prince philip, and... i bet you were slightly nervous. i was terrified. i. slightly nervous. i was terrified. i said, ou slightly nervous. i was terrified. i said. you have — slightly nervous. i was terrified. i said, you have got _ slightly nervous. i was terrified. i said, you have got to _ slightly nervous. i was terrified. i said, you have got to have - slightly nervous. i was terrified. i said, you have got to have a - slightly nervous. i was terrified. i said, you have got to have a lookj slightly nervous. i was terrified. i. said, you have got to have a look at this because i'm worried about it and he looked at it and said, good god, and then he said, actually, it's a good picture. and then he said, but don't put it in the front hall. so it was banished to the back. and then the statue, there is a wonderful sculpture of the queen on a horse in windsor park. it was the first sculpture of her outside. traditionally royals don't have outside statues until they are dead that was a royal park so that was like her garden, she agreed to have the sculpture made. i was on the committee that had to do something about it, oversee it, really, there was the most tremendous row going on because the queen always rides in a headscarf. and doesn't wear a hard hat. so there was, the committee was completely divided, with all the health and safety people saying, this is a bad example, she needs to be a role model and wear a hard hat, and some of us saying, for goodness' sake, we are trying to portray the queen, and in the end prince philip waded into the argument and he said, she will wear a headscarf. and he said a few other rude things and that was the end of it! that is the point about him. he can be quite challenging and difficult but could be, because i'm talking in the present tense, isn't it crazy... anyway, he be challenging, but i never saw him... he could be a bit rough with bosses, if you went to a school and he did not approve of the way things were being done, he would challenge the head teacher or the teachers, but he never ever was anything but encouraging to the children. he liked a good argument. he did. he did the same in one of his great— he did. he did the same in one of his great achievements, well, so many. _ his great achievements, well, so many. but — his great achievements, well, so many, but in the aftermath of the terrible _ many, but in the aftermath of the terrible fire at windsor castle in 1992 _ terrible fire at windsor castle in 1992 he — terrible fire at windsor castle in 1992. he was put in charge of the restoration. the queen handed over to him _ restoration. the queen handed over to him and _ restoration. the queen handed over to him and said, sort out, please, they— to him and said, sort out, please, they were — to him and said, sort out, please, they were architects arguing about how it _ they were architects arguing about how it was — they were architects arguing about how it was going to look, and it was one of— how it was going to look, and it was one of those — how it was going to look, and it was one of those things where there were endless _ one of those things where there were endless committees and you needed someone _ endless committees and you needed someone to cut through it all. it has been — someone to cut through it all. it has been the most extraordinary restoration project. it came in ahead — restoration project. it came in ahead of— restoration project. it came in ahead of time and under budget and the castle _ ahead of time and under budget and the castle is in a better state than it the castle is in a better state than it was— the castle is in a better state than it was before, because he had the capacity— it was before, because he had the capacity to — it was before, because he had the capacity to cut through. going back to his _ capacity to cut through. going back to his art. — capacity to cut through. going back to his art, the queen's private chapel— to his art, the queen's private chapel with beautiful stained glass window. _ chapel with beautiful stained glass window, it is beautifully done and it window, it is beautifully done and it shows _ window, it is beautifully done and it shows in — window, it is beautifully done and it shows in all sorts away how the castle _ it shows in all sorts away how the castle was — it shows in all sorts away how the castle was restored and the duke designed — castle was restored and the duke designed it himself but he would not have told _ designed it himself but he would not have told you that. again, an example _ have told you that. again, an example of his handiwork. throughout his life, the duke always kept fit and healthy — he was a keen sportsmen who never lost his competitive edge. when age stopped him from playing polo, he took up the less dangerous sport of carriage driving. i met the duke at the age of 18 when i first started competing in the pony team class against him. i think he was pretty incredible, really, because he obviously didn't take it up until after he'd finished playing polo so he must have been 50—plus. you need incredible dexterity and mental agility. i take my hat off to him, really. prince philip always claimed he did it forfun but he was the most competitive. when he was in the competition, he really did think he was there to win it. he was always keen to know how you are going to tackle a certain option. he kept a firm check on the scores and was always pleased when he beat me. i think he just loved the eclectic group of people that we are. it was like a mobile weekend party. you toured the country and met up with all the same people. i really feel he could just relax his guard and be himself and join in on a very level playing field. you didn't have any idea who the person next to you, what their background was, and i think he enjoyed that. welcome to the studio, you were the curia for the duke of edinburgh from 1990 to 1992, you knew him very well, and you witnessed firsthand his passion for sport? i well, and you witnessed firsthand his passion for sport?— his passion for sport? i did, sohie. his passion for sport? i did, sophie- he _ his passion for sport? i did, sophie. he was _ his passion for sport? i did, sophie. he was very - his passion for sport? i did, sophie. he was very active, his passion for sport? i did, i sophie. he was very active, he his passion for sport? i did, - sophie. he was very active, he was coming up to his 70th birthday, and he was an outstanding contributor to the carriage riding scene at that time, leading from the front, he kept himself phenomenally fit, although i didn't tend to attend the carriage driving events. the float, he was a very keen sailor and very successful. but the key point was that he was a remarkable man in terms of keeping sport at the forefront of young people is minds. it was very influential in making sure that his sporting activities were well—managed, governed, and that the various activities were particularly effective. {line that the various activities were particularly effective.— that the various activities were particularly effective. one of the thins particularly effective. one of the things that _ particularly effective. one of the things that struck _ particularly effective. one of the things that struck me _ particularly effective. one of the things that struck me in - particularly effective. one of the things that struck me in that i particularly effective. one of the| things that struck me in that film was i suppose the levelling nature of sport. he clearly loved it for that, because when he was carriage driving, he was out there, it didn't matter who you were, he was part of the team, he was clearly very good at what he did, and he was competing, and he was accepted for who he was. he competing, and he was accepted for who he was-— who he was. he was very effective and make sure — who he was. he was very effective and make sure that _ who he was. he was very effective and make sure that he _ who he was. he was very effective and make sure that he was - who he was. he was very effective and make sure that he was very i who he was. he was very effective i and make sure that he was very well prepared, and that his equipment was absolutely first class, and the range of activities that he was involved in on the sporting scene was very broad and extensive and quite remarkable, at that age. he believed in the value of sport, particularly for young people and people _ particularly for young people and people with disabilities. when malcolm and i first met, it was an event _ malcolm and i first met, it was an event for— malcolm and i first met, it was an event for the national playing fields — event for the national playing fields association, which was the first national charity that prince philip _ first national charity that prince philip took on back in 1947 when he first became engaged to princess elizabeth, that was creating opportunities for playing fields for young _ opportunities for playing fields for young people, particularly children, with disabilities, and he believed that every child deserved a chance to play _ that every child deserved a chance to play. sport, recreation, team games— to play. sport, recreation, team games in— to play. sport, recreation, team games in particular. and he led from the front _ games in particular. and he led from the front he — games in particular. and he led from the front. he raised a lot of money for charity— the front. he raised a lot of money for charity with charity cricket matches _ for charity with charity cricket matches in the early 1950s, he loved polo. _ matches in the early 1950s, he loved polo. he _ matches in the early 1950s, he loved polo, he was white fit, as myleene klass _ polo, he was white fit, as myleene klass once — polo, he was white fit, as myleene klass once said to him, and he said, what _ klass once said to him, and he said, what does _ klass once said to him, and he said, what does that mean? i said, it means— what does that mean? i said, it means that she thinks that you're pretty— means that she thinks that you're pretty buff. he said, what does that mean? _ pretty buff. he said, what does that mean? it _ pretty buff. he said, what does that mean? it means you're pretty fit! he exercised _ mean? it means you're pretty fit! he exercised daily. he was proud of the fact that _ exercised daily. he was proud of the fact that he — exercised daily. he was proud of the fact that he had never been seen in public— fact that he had never been seen in public with— fact that he had never been seen in public with a stick, even at 99, never— public with a stick, even at 99, never seen _ public with a stick, even at 99, never seen in public with a stick. that— never seen in public with a stick. that ramrod _ never seen in public with a stick. that ramrod back, that marvellous posture. _ that ramrod back, that marvellous posture, remarkable. he that ramrod back, that marvellous posture, remarkable.— that ramrod back, that marvellous posture, remarkable. he was a very, very talented — posture, remarkable. he was a very, very talented sportsman, _ posture, remarkable. he was a very, very talented sportsman, too, i posture, remarkable. he was a very, very talented sportsman, too, we i posture, remarkable. he was a very, | very talented sportsman, too, we see him there playing cricket, he was very good at cricket, wasn't he? ihe very good at cricket, wasn't he? he was, i asked very good at cricket, wasn't he? he was, iasked him very good at cricket, wasn't he? he was, i asked him once whether much of his— was, i asked him once whether much of his life _ was, i asked him once whether much of his life had been fun, he said, i don't _ of his life had been fun, he said, i don't think— of his life had been fun, he said, i don't think about fun very much, and then he _ don't think about fun very much, and then he paused and said, i suppose then he paused and said, i suppose the cricket — then he paused and said, i suppose the cricket was fun. he loved cricket — the cricket was fun. he loved cricket. that was one of his... but it was polo _ cricket. that was one of his... but it was polo that _ cricket. that was one of his... pm it was polo that was his real passion?— it was polo that was his real assion? ., , , ,, ., passion? not “ust his passion, he threw passion? notjust his passion, he threw himself _ passion? notjust his passion, he threw himself into _ passion? notjust his passion, he threw himself into it, _ passion? notjust his passion, he threw himself into it, to - passion? notjust his passion, he threw himself into it, to such i passion? notjust his passion, he threw himself into it, to such an. threw himself into it, to such an extent— threw himself into it, to such an extent that he was in hospital more often _ extent that he was in hospital more often with— extent that he was in hospital more often with polo injuries at that time _ often with polo injuries at that time of— often with polo injuries at that time of his life than at any time of his life _ time of his life than at any time of his life until— time of his life than at any time of his life until right at the end. he was a his life until right at the end. was a very his life until right at the end. he: was a very competitive man, clearly you could see when he was carriage driving, he was trying not to be but he was keeping an eye on everybody else's times?— else's times? absolutely, he would have had his _ else's times? absolutely, he would have had his race _ else's times? absolutely, he would have had his race well— else's times? absolutely, he would have had his race well planned i else's times? absolutely, he would have had his race well planned out| have had his race well planned out and make sure that he gave himself the best opportunities to achieve great results. and he was a remarkable figurehead in the sport in that look. remarkable figurehead in the sport in that look-— in that look. sailing, another great assion of in that look. sailing, another great passion of his? _ in that look. sailing, another great passion of his? yes, _ in that look. sailing, another great passion of his? yes, he _ in that look. sailing, another great passion of his? yes, he was i in that look. sailing, another great passion of his? yes, he was very l passion of his? yes, he was very active. passion of his? yes, he was very active- he _ passion of his? yes, he was very active. he loved _ passion of his? yes, he was very active. he loved the _ passion of his? yes, he was very active. he loved the breadth i passion of his? yes, he was very active. he loved the breadth of. active. he loved the breadth of sailing as a sport. i think he realised that it was a particularly good sport to introduce to his children, and i know down where he was able to race his own boats at cowes week, and also his children were able to share that pleasure and passion with him. he was utterly at home in cowes. 0f passion with him. he was utterly at home in cowes. of course, they sailed largely up the west coast of scotland, where they were able to cruise, and again, it was a perfect place to teach children how to sail. and also escape at sea? hand place to teach children how to sail. and also escape at sea?— and also escape at sea? and an esca e, and also escape at sea? and an escape, absolutely, _ and also escape at sea? and an escape, absolutely, sailing i and also escape at sea? and an escape, absolutely, sailing is. and also escape at sea? and an| escape, absolutely, sailing is all about freedom, and it was a rare opportunity for him to be able to be himself, his family and the great environment. has himself, his family and the great environment.— himself, his family and the great environment. a ., ., ., environment. as someone who works closely alongside _ environment. as someone who works closely alongside him _ environment. as someone who works closely alongside him for— environment. as someone who works closely alongside him for two - environment. as someone who works closely alongside him for two years, | closely alongside him for two years, how will you remember him, as the man u worked with? 50. how will you remember him, as the man u worked with?— how will you remember him, as the man u worked with? so, i first... my lastin: man u worked with? so, i first... my lasting impression _ man u worked with? so, i first... my lasting impression will _ man u worked with? so, i first... my lasting impression will be _ man u worked with? so, i first... my lasting impression will be of - lasting impression will be of somebody who was a phenomenally broad skilled man, he was very capable at everything that he did. he was very good at mixing people, introducing people, to make sure that the rightjob was done with the right team. he was very influential in gathering high—calibre people, and then setting about the task to make sure that the right outcome was delivered to. find make sure that the right outcome was delivered to-— delivered to. and did you get the impression _ delivered to. and did you get the impression he — delivered to. and did you get the impression he minded _ delivered to. and did you get the impression he minded being i delivered to. and did you get the i impression he minded being behind the scenes, as it were, the support, or was it something that he completely embraced? filth. or was it something that he completely embraced? or was it something that he comletel embraced? ~ completely embraced? oh, i think he was absolutely... _ completely embraced? oh, i think he was absolutely... he _ completely embraced? oh, i think he was absolutely... he was _ completely embraced? oh, i think he was absolutely... he was completely| was absolutely... he was completely familiar with all the detail of all of the tasks that he was doing, or responsible at he held, and, yes, he was able to cover off all of the aspects of his work. he was able to cover off all of the aspects of his work.— aspects of his work. he never resented _ aspects of his work. he never resented or— aspects of his work. he never resented or regretted - aspects of his work. he never resented or regretted the i aspects of his work. he never| resented or regretted the fact aspects of his work. he never- resented or regretted the fact that his main— resented or regretted the fact that his main role was to support the queen — his main role was to support the queen he — his main role was to support the queen. he turned up over 70 years at the right— queen. he turned up over 70 years at the right time on the right day in the right time on the right day in the right— the right time on the right day in the right uniform to do his thing, and never. — the right uniform to do his thing, and never, ever overstepped the mark. _ and never, ever overstepped the mark, always two steps behind the queen _ mark, always two steps behind the queen. but when he was on his own, doing _ queen. but when he was on his own, doing his _ queen. but when he was on his own, doing his own— queen. but when he was on his own, doing his own thing, he led from the front _ doing his own thing, he led from the front we _ doing his own thing, he led from the front. we talk about polo and may be sailing. _ front. we talk about polo and may be sailing. rich— front. we talk about polo and may be sailing, rich men's sports, but actually— sailing, rich men's sports, but actually he _ sailing, rich men's sports, but actually he raised millions of pounds — actually he raised millions of pounds personally to have a sport for all. _ pounds personally to have a sport for all. he — pounds personally to have a sport forall, he really pounds personally to have a sport for all, he really cared about the value _ for all, he really cared about the value of— for all, he really cared about the value of sport for all young people. thank— value of sport for all young people. thank you — value of sport for all young people. thank you both. as the queen's consort, the duke of edinburgh didn't have a specific role outside of supporting the monarch. a committed and passionate man with a wide range of interests, he dedicated himself to numerous causes until his retirement in 2017. what do you boys want? we want to see the boss. i'm afraid he's very busy. it's very important. we want to see the boss. what do you want to see me about? please can we have a playing field. well, you've come to the right place. it was suggested i should take on some sort of charity and the national playing fields association gave me a connection with recreational life and it turned out to be very valuable. helping out, leading the way, the link between the royal family and charitable causes was largely forged by the duke. people started saying, will you come and do this, will you come and do that? and that accumulated and snowballed like you wouldn't believe. connecting with a world far removed from his own, promoting the cause of self—improvement, be it 60 years ago or in the 2ist century, creating opportunities whatever the obstacles. the duke in his lifetime was involved with over 800 organisations, from the variety club of great britain... how's that? laughter. ..to the worldwide fund for nature. as we all try to cope with our human problems, it's easy to forget that we are not the only living beings on this planet. 0ne cause particularly dear to him bears his name, the duke of edinburgh's award, recognising self—reliance, service, bravery. the duke's invitation to young people to go out and do something. things of interest in the great outdoors in the early days... ..and what made him chuckle more recently... i don't believe it. the dofe award, stretching people, giving them a boost, and appreciated at the very top. you had the insight and courage and determination to establish the award scheme 50 years ago. since then, under your watchful eye, over 5 million young people have taken up the challenge. for these remarkable achievements, you have my deep and enduring admiration, an admiration which words alone can never fully express. fascinating to see how varied the duke's charities and patronages were. i'm joined now byjon watts, who says the duke of edinburgh's award changed his life. and also by dame penelope keith, who had the honour of presenting the awards in buckingham palace garden. the duke of edinburgh scheme, 7 million young people i think have now benefited from that, it was his idea, it was his project. a lot of people have heard about it and know about it but some people i suppose will not know actually what it is all about, why it makes such a difference, it changed your life, didn't it? i difference, it changed your life, didn't it? ., , didn't it? i often say it saved my life rather— didn't it? i often say it saved my life rather than _ didn't it? i often say it saved my life rather than changed - didn't it? i often say it saved my life rather than changed it. it i didn't it? i often say it saved my| life rather than changed it. it put me on a completely different direction to what i was on. 12 ago, i was easy 18 years old, sat in a prison cell, and you feel your life is worthless and you are never going to achieve anything. so, it gave me so many things that helped me. it gave me the belief in myself, it gave me the belief in myself, it gave me the belief in myself, it gave me a skill, so i don't have to —— so that i know how to cook, which is now my career and i am very passionate about it. it taught me how to work alongside people, team building skills and general life skills that you need to get on in life. ., y ., skills that you need to get on in life. ., , ., , ., ., life. how did you even begin to do it, was it something _ life. how did you even begin to do it, was it something you _ life. how did you even begin to do it, was it something you heard i life. how did you even begin to do i it, was it something you heard about him prison? i it, was it something you heard about him rison? . it, was it something you heard about him prison?— him prison? i had heard about it but wasn't really — him prison? i had heard about it but wasn't really everything _ him prison? i had heard about it but wasn't really everything anything i l wasn't really everything anything i wanted to do until i was in prison. when you're injail you are going to jump when you're injail you are going to jump on anything you can, because otherwise you are locked up for sometimes 23 hours a day. so you register for anything you can. sometimes 23 hours a day. so you registerfor anything you can. so that was just one of those things, i didn't expect it to have a huge impact on me, i did not expect that i would do the bronze, silver and gold, i thought i would just do the bronze. i gold, i thought i would “ust do the bronze. ., ., ., ., ., bronze. i have got a daughter who has “ust bronze. i have got a daughter who has just done _ bronze. i have got a daughter who hasjust done the _ bronze. i have got a daughter who hasjust done the bronze, - bronze. i have got a daughter who hasjust done the bronze, and i bronze. i have got a daughter who | hasjust done the bronze, and that has just done the bronze, and that itself is a lot of work. tell us what you actually have to do for the bronze? ., , bronze? so, there are different sections. you _ bronze? so, there are different sections. you have _ bronze? so, there are different sections. you have got - bronze? so, there are different sections. you have got the i bronze? so, there are differentl sections. you have got the skills section, you have to learn a new skill, so for me, it was cooking. the expeditions, you have to plan and go on an expedition which is usually into the mountains. you have to improvise a little bit when you're doing that. then there is the volunteering, so i worked alongside the samaritans as a listener in prison. what the samaritans do in day—to—day life, i was doing that for prisoners, face—to—face. and physical, so, you have to be on top of your physical exercise and learn a new physical skill. i of your physical exercise and learn a new physical skill.— a new physical skill. i think it was something _ a new physical skill. i think it was something that _ a new physical skill. i think it was something that he _ a new physical skill. i think it was something that he was _ a new physical skill. i think it was| something that he was influenced a new physical skill. i think it was i something that he was influenced by his headmaster at school, i think he helped shape this whole programme, his headmaster at gordonstoun, kurt hahn, and the whole idea was about being resilient and self—reliant, about grit and showing yourself that you're able to achieve so much more than you believe you can, which clearly has worked for you? times aet tou . h clearly has worked for you? times get tough and _ clearly has worked for you? times get tough and at _ clearly has worked for you? times get tough and at that _ clearly has worked for you? times get tough and at that age - clearly has worked for you? times get tough and at that age i - clearly has worked for you? times get tough and at that age i would | get tough and at that age i would have given up, but it took me to carry on and keep working, and keep working towards your goals, even when times are tough, and i think it has been very beneficial for me, especially in the last year. there ou are especially in the last year. there you are getting _ especially in the last year. there you are getting your _ especially in the last year. there you are getting your gold - especially in the last year. there you are getting your gold award| especially in the last year. there you are getting your gold award and by then you have done silver and gold which is even more work and volunteering and more expeditions, and you really do have to put a lot into achieve that. it's a big moment. you have been one of the many people who have helped to hand out those awards, penelope. i have seen to myselfjust how much it means. i've seen how much it means to people, and i have seen him walking around and meeting and congratulating the young people who turn up. it congratulating the young people who turn u -. . . congratulating the young people who turn u -. . , , congratulating the young people who turn u. , ., turn up. it was “ust remarkable, the ride that turn up. it wasjust remarkable, the pride that these _ turn up. it wasjust remarkable, the pride that these young _ turn up. it wasjust remarkable, the pride that these young people i turn up. it wasjust remarkable, the pride that these young people had, | pride that these young people had, and he _ pride that these young people had, and he wasjust in chancing with them _ and he wasjust in chancing with them i— and he wasjust in chancing with them. i remember on the way out, he was talking _ them. i remember on the way out, he was talking to one of the leaders —— enchanting — was talking to one of the leaders —— enchanting. he said to one of them, did enchanting. he said to one of them, did you _ enchanting. he said to one of them, did you do _ enchanting. he said to one of them, did you do it. — enchanting. he said to one of them, did you do it, the scheme? she said, yes, did you do it, the scheme? she said, yes. i— did you do it, the scheme? she said, yes. idid _ did you do it, the scheme? she said, yes. idid she — did you do it, the scheme? she said, yes, i did. she said she did not get a gold _ yes, i did. she said she did not get a gold but— yes, i did. she said she did not get a gold but she got her silver, and he then— a gold but she got her silver, and he then said, did you do a duke of edinburgh? — he then said, did you do a duke of edinburgh? isaid, it he then said, did you do a duke of edinburgh? i said, it hadn't started by the _ edinburgh? i said, it hadn't started by the time — edinburgh? i said, it hadn't started by the time i left school, and he said. _ by the time i left school, and he said. oh. — by the time i left school, and he said. oh. i— by the time i left school, and he said, oh, ithink by the time i left school, and he said, oh, i think it might have done — said, oh, i think it might have done i— said, oh, i think it might have done. isaid, no, it hadn't. laughter the duke of edinburgh award scheme is the most famous of his charitable schemes, but he did so many more and you were involved in some of them? yes, the commonwealth x service league _ yes, the commonwealth x service league. and i remember, another one, not a _ league. and i remember, another one, not a charity. _ league. and i remember, another one, not a charity, but it was the 50th anniversary— not a charity, but it was the 50th anniversary of the queen's coronation and prince charles decided — coronation and prince charles decided to give a party for all the family— decided to give a party for all the family to — decided to give a party for all the family to celebrate. he asked various— family to celebrate. he asked various actors to do turns of the period — various actors to do turns of the period at— various actors to do turns of the period. at the end of it, i was introducing all the actors to her maiesty— introducing all the actors to her majesty and the duke and before i went to _ majesty and the duke and before i went to the line—out, i said, will you take — went to the line—out, i said, will you take my— went to the line—out, i said, will you take my handbag to my husband? he wasnt— you take my handbag to my husband? he wasn't in— you take my handbag to my husband? he wasn't in the line—up. i introduced all the actors to the queen— introduced all the actors to the queen and the duke and then they were going to leave, and as they left i _ were going to leave, and as they left i said. — were going to leave, and as they left i said, goodbye, and thank you very much— left i said, goodbye, and thank you very much indeed, and on the way out i said. _ very much indeed, and on the way out i said. may— very much indeed, and on the way out i said. may i _ very much indeed, and on the way out i said, may i introduce my husband? they said _ i said, may i introduce my husband? they said hello. the duke looked down _ they said hello. the duke looked down at — they said hello. the duke looked down at roddy carry my handbag and said, down at roddy carry my handbag and said. at— down at roddy carry my handbag and said, at least that is one thing i've never— said, at least that is one thing i've never had to do! tell said, at least that is one thing i've never had to do!— i've never had to do! tell us finally what _ i've never had to do! tell us finally what it _ i've never had to do! tell us finally what it meant - i've never had to do! tell us finally what it meant to i i've never had to do! tell us| finally what it meant to you, i've never had to do! tell us i finally what it meant to you, we just saw you there getting your award, what did it mean to you to be there, having achieved your gold and what it was like meeting him? it was the proudest — what it was like meeting him? it was the proudest moment _ what it was like meeting him? it was the proudest moment in _ what it was like meeting him? it was the proudest moment in my - what it was like meeting him? it was the proudest moment in my life i what it was like meeting him? it was the proudest moment in my life to i the proudest moment in my life to achieve that and to be awarded it, and then to meet the duke himself, it was very overwhelming. both times i've met him, he has come up with a witty one—liner which makes you feel at ease and it breaks the ice, and thatis at ease and it breaks the ice, and that is his character. i feel like at ease and it breaks the ice, and that is his character. ifeel like i know him even though i've only met him a few times. an incredible experience, i'm very lucky to have had it. ~ ., , ., experience, i'm very lucky to have had it. ~ ., i. ., experience, i'm very lucky to have had it. . ., i. ., i. had it. where are you now in your life? i'm a — had it. where are you now in your life? i'm a professional— had it. where are you now in your life? i'm a professional chef, i had it. where are you now in your life? i'm a professional chef, self| life? i'm a professional chef, self employed. _ life? i'm a professional chef, self employed. and — life? i'm a professional chef, self employed. and l _ life? i'm a professional chef, self employed, and i share _ life? i'm a professional chef, self employed, and i share recipes i life? i'm a professional chef, self- employed, and i share recipes online and i cook privately at the moment, since coronavirus. i love it and i'm so passionate about what i do. it is the fire in my belly that will not go out and that is all from the duke of edinburgh award. he go out and that is all from the duke of edinburgh award.— go out and that is all from the duke of edinburgh award. he would be very roud to of edinburgh award. he would be very proud to hear— of edinburgh award. he would be very proud to hear that _ of edinburgh award. he would be very proud to hear that and _ of edinburgh award. he would be very proud to hear that and what _ of edinburgh award. he would be very proud to hear that and what you i of edinburgh award. he would be very proud to hear that and what you have | proud to hear that and what you have achieved. thanks forjoining us. if you'vejustjoined us here on bbc one, we're looking back at the duke of edinburgh's remarkable life and legacy following the announcement of his death earlier today. the queen is currently in residence at windsor castle where she's spent most of her time during the pandemic. at windsor castle the royal standard continues to fly at full mast — the reason being that this represents the monarchy, which never dies. having lived for almost a century, prince philip had an incredible wide range of interests and championed many causes. one in particular was sparked by a love of the outdoors, travel, and an understanding of how humans have a role to play in protecting the planet for future generations. wildlife conservation, the environment, pressing issues now debated on a global scale, but it took years of determined effort to make them so and the duke was at the forefront of that work. what i'm trying to do, in a small way, is to try and prevent the extinction of wild species, in the hope that at some stage they might have space to exist on this planet. in 1961 he co—founded what became the world's largest independent conservation body. the reason for the change of the name of the world wildlife fund to worldwide fund for nature was to make it clear that we were involved notjust in animals but in plants, as well. for well over half a century he was a hands—on campaigner, pushing governments, encouraging at every level. it's people as managers, administrators, workers, tourists, as professionals, designers, and in every respect, when they are doing their work, it's to bear in mind the effect it is going to have on the natural environment, on the conservation of species. to drive home the message that action had to be taken quickly, he had to be frank about the root cause of it all. we really ought to have a sense of moral responsibility for the survival of other species because we have such a tremendous influence on them and we can decide now whether a species is going to survive or become extinct. you cannot exploit all the natural resources for human use. and expect to have a great deal of future. action did follow, national parks were opened, environmental controls were tightened, laws introduced, species saved. one has got to be optimistic in the sense, because there would be no point in doing anything if you said, well, there's no point in trying? i think there is a point in trying. the important thing is to try and get it through to as many people as possible, what is actually happening. the duke as a pathfinder to an age of greater understanding about matters always dear to his heart. when we talk about the duke and conservation, he was really a pioneer? he conservation, he was really a pioneer?— conservation, he was really a ioneer? ., , ., ~::, pioneer? he was a pioneer in the 605 because people _ pioneer? he was a pioneer in the 605 because people did _ pioneer? he was a pioneer in the 605 because people did not _ pioneer? he was a pioneer in the 605 because people did not talk— pioneer? he was a pioneer in the 605 because people did not talk about i because people did not talk about the green movement, itjust wasn't discussed. he, from his travels, gradually seeing the way that humankind was encroaching on the nap to welcome he wanted to do something about it, not in a sentimental way, but in a hard—nosed scientific way —— encroaching on the natural world, he wanted to do something about it. he was the british president of the wildlife fund in 1961 and he ran it for two decades, and he forged all sorts of links between notjust the environmental movements but he established the id of conservation and faith —— the idea. an extraordinary summit in 1986 represented that, and only he, frankly, could have got the pope involved, so he set up a world wildlife fund with the pope, so that the level of activity, the debt, frankly, that so many of today's environmental and green pressure groups over this man is extraordinary.— groups over this man is extraordinary. groups over this man is extraordina . ~ . ~ , extraordinary. what sparked his interest? he _ extraordinary. what sparked his interest? he has _ extraordinary. what sparked his interest? he has passed - extraordinary. what sparked his interest? he has passed it i extraordinary. what sparked his interest? he has passed it onto| extraordinary. what sparked his i interest? he has passed it onto his children and of course. his interest? he has passed it onto his children and of course.— children and of course. his wide travel was _ children and of course. his wide travel was part _ children and of course. his wide travel was part of— children and of course. his wide travel was part of it _ children and of course. his wide travel was part of it because i children and of course. his wide travel was part of it because he| children and of course. his wide i travel was part of it because he was travelling _ travel was part of it because he was travelling around the globe from an early age. — travelling around the globe from an early age, to learn more and find out more — early age, to learn more and find out more. robert is right, so many charities— out more. robert is right, so many charities and — out more. robert is right, so many charities and organisations now owe him charities and organisations now owe him a _ charities and organisations now owe him a debt— charities and organisations now owe him a debt but the lovely thing that we see _ him a debt but the lovely thing that we see now and we will continue to see going _ we see now and we will continue to see going forwards is the legacy carrying — see going forwards is the legacy carrying on with his son and grandson _ carrying on with his son and grandson is, and i'm sure in time his great— grandson is, and i'm sure in time his great grandchildren, because the prince _ his great grandchildren, because the prince of— his great grandchildren, because the prince of wales has often talked about _ prince of wales has often talked about people thinking he was dotty when _ about people thinking he was dotty when he _ about people thinking he was dotty when he started talking about environmentalism in the 70s. he was wallowing _ environmentalism in the 70s. he was wallowing in — environmentalism in the 70s. he was wallowing in the footsteps of his father— wallowing in the footsteps of his father and prince william continue to talk— father and prince william continue to talk about it now —— he was following _ to talk about it now —— he was following. prince harry, as well. they— following. prince harry, as well. they will— following. prince harry, as well. they will continue that in honour of their father— they will continue that in honour of their father and grandfather. the duke was their father and grandfather. fie: duke was talking their father and grandfather. tue: duke was talking about their father and grandfather. tie; duke was talking about population growth and habitats are being destroyed, this was in the 19505, and i think it was driven by the trip he did on the royal yacht britannia in 1956 where he really got a passion for what he saw out there. he got a passion for what he saw out there. . . got a passion for what he saw out there. , ., ., . , there. he started noticing different birds near antarctica _ there. he started noticing different birds near antarctica and _ there. he started noticing different birds near antarctica and he - there. he started noticing different birds near antarctica and he was i birds near antarctica and he was fascinated by that sort of thing. one of the first things the queen did when she became the queen, she obviously had a great deal on her plate but she put the duke in charge of all the estates and made him the range of windsor park so he had this immense responsibility for a large chunk of agricultural land, forestry, and he was able to bring all of his various ideas into practice there. it is extraordinary, if you go around sandringham, it is a very modern agricultural estate, with extraordinary machines going out picking blackcurrants for ribena but at the same time it has a wealth listed protected bog. he has always looked at how we deal with the natural world, and as i say, not in a sentimental way, you can be quite brisk with people sometimes who pick a quarrel. i remember some years ago, he was trying to take down some dead trees and there was a protest group, saying you can't do that, they have insects in them, and he complained about tree huggers, but the fact is he said they wanted to put in new trees and it was more important to put in new trees rather than worry about dead trees. he was very practical but always at the cutting edge of the scientific debate of the day. he cutting edge of the scientific debate of the day.— cutting edge of the scientific debate of the day. cutting edge of the scientific debate of the da . , ., ., debate of the day. he said you had to raise the — debate of the day. he said you had to raise the profile _ debate of the day. he said you had to raise the profile by _ debate of the day. he said you had to raise the profile by raising i to raise the profile by raising money and you needed campaigns to protect different habitats and species but also educate the public and he realised that one way of doing that was to get to a wider public was through religion, religious leaders who could spread the message. religious leaders who could spread the message-— religious leaders who could spread the messaue. ~ , ., the message. absolutely, going back to the message _ the message. absolutely, going back to the message of _ the message. absolutely, going back to the message of bringing _ the message. absolutely, going back to the message of bringing in - the message. absolutely, going back to the message of bringing in the i to the message of bringing in the face of the world, all of these things, they had to be done in a partnership, there is no point in standing at a lectern and saying this is what must be done, he understood they needed to bring people with him. and let them take the credit. so often there would be a conference whether it was at windsor or all over the world, wildlife fund events, there would be the duke, and he talked about his convening power, he knew where he wanted to get the meeting, but he did not want to be banging the drum saying this is what you should think about so he was very clever in the way that he got other people to think on the same wavelength and there are organisations all around there are organisations all around the world that are immensely grateful to him. he the world that are immensely gratefulto him.— the world that are immensely gratefulto him. grateful to him. he spoke to very many people _ grateful to him. he spoke to very many people around _ grateful to him. he spoke to very many people around the - grateful to him. he spoke to very i many people around the commonwealth and when we look back, we talk a lot about conservation nowadays, but in the early days, the 19605, when he started talking about it, it was really not spoken about in the same way. how much difference do you think he has made on that front? shah think he has made on that front? an enormous difference and we can't underestimate that. the difference he underestimate that. the difference be has _ underestimate that. the difference he has made has not always been recognised around the world. indeed here which— recognised around the world. indeed here which is why the queen said in that famous— here which is why the queen said in that famous speech that we owe him a debt of— that famous speech that we owe him a debt of gratitude and people will never— debt of gratitude and people will never realise and acknowledge, because — never realise and acknowledge, because he was the last person who wanted _ because he was the last person who wanted to— because he was the last person who wanted to make a song and dance about _ wanted to make a song and dance about it — wanted to make a song and dance about it. you touched on the issue of getting — about it. you touched on the issue of getting different faiths involved and that _ of getting different faiths involved and that is something we are familiar— and that is something we are familiar with with the prince of wales— familiar with with the prince of wales but the duke of edinburgh was way ahead _ wales but the duke of edinburgh was way ahead of his time doing this lon- way ahead of his time doing this long before his son. in the same way that he _ long before his son. in the same way that he was— long before his son. in the same way that he was a — long before his son. in the same way that he was a man of the 1950s who suddenly— that he was a man of the 1950s who suddenly became the person to walk behind _ suddenly became the person to walk behind his— suddenly became the person to walk behind his wife, very unusual for that time. — behind his wife, very unusual for that time, quite feminist, in the way he — that time, quite feminist, in the way he pioneered that role, and he was massively ahead of his time in terms _ was massively ahead of his time in terms of— was massively ahead of his time in terms of conservation and the environment. he terms of conservation and the environment.— terms of conservation and the environment. ., , . ., environment. he was a precursor to david adam — environment. he was a precursor to david adam are _ environment. he was a precursor to david adam are away, _ environment. he was a precursor to david adam are away, in _ environment. he was a precursor to david adam are away, in the - environment. he was a precursor to david adam are away, in the 605 i environment. he was a precursor to | david adam are away, in the 605 he was presenting and driving —— david attenborough. he was presenting wildlife documentaries. i“italians attenborough. he was presenting wildlife documentaries.— attenborough. he was presenting wildlife documentaries. was it taken seriously when _ wildlife documentaries. was it taken seriously when he _ wildlife documentaries. was it taken seriously when he started _ wildlife documentaries. was it taken seriously when he started doing i seriously when he started doing that? �* .. , seriously when he started doing that? �* , ., , ., , seriously when he started doing that? �* , ., , ., that? because it was a member of the r0 al that? because it was a member of the royalfamily. — that? because it was a member of the royal family. on _ that? because it was a member of the royalfamily, on television, _ that? because it was a member of the royal family, on television, in - that? because it was a member of the royal family, on television, in a i royalfamily, on television, in a safari jacket, and he was out somewhere in the bush or in the wild, looking at particular species under threat, and making the point very early on that unless we woke up to this, our children and grandchildren would not see these animals in the future, so we had better get on and do something about it. but better get on and do something about it. �* , c, , better get on and do something about it. , c, , , it. but very modest about his achievements. _ it. but very modest about his achievements. really - it. but very modest about his. achievements. really modest. it. but very modest about his - achievements. really modest. when i wrote a feature _ achievements. really modest. when i wrote a feature on _ achievements. really modest. when i wrote a feature on him _ achievements. really modest. when i wrote a feature on him when - achievements. really modest. when i wrote a feature on him when he - wrote a feature on him when he turned — wrote a feature on him when he turned 90. _ wrote a feature on him when he turned 90, i remember going to windsor— turned 90, i remember going to windsor and speaking to the librarian _ windsor and speaking to the librarian there, the keeper of the archives. — librarian there, the keeper of the archives, and she told me they had really— archives, and she told me they had really had — archives, and she told me they had really had to twist his arm to even be allowed — really had to twist his arm to even be allowed to put on an exhibition there _ be allowed to put on an exhibition there irr— be allowed to put on an exhibition there in tribute to his achievements because _ there in tribute to his achievements because he — there in tribute to his achievements because he had kept saying, i don't want because he had kept saying, idon't want any— because he had kept saying, i don't want any fuss. some of the things she had _ want any fuss. some of the things she had shown me, the sketches he had done _ she had shown me, the sketches he had done for the window in the chapel— had done for the window in the chapel at— had done for the window in the chapel at windsor, after it had burnt— chapel at windsor, after it had burnt down, some of the beautiful designs— burnt down, some of the beautiful designs forjewellery for the queen over the _ designs forjewellery for the queen over the years, the amazing staff in terms _ over the years, the amazing staff in terms of— over the years, the amazing staff in terms of design prize, he never was someone _ terms of design prize, he never was someone who said, look at what i have _ someone who said, look at what i have achieved, look at what i have done, _ have achieved, look at what i have done, that's— have achieved, look at what i have done, that's one of the great things about— done, that's one of the great things about him — done, that's one of the great things about him. he was the quiet over achiever— about him. he was the quiet over achiever of— about him. he was the quiet over achiever of the royal family. that's wh he achiever of the royal family. that's why he drove _ achiever of the royal family. that's why he drove a _ achiever of the royal family. that's why he drove a taxi _ achiever of the royal family. that's why he drove a taxi in _ achiever of the royal family. that's why he drove a taxi in london, - achiever of the royal family. that's why he drove a taxi in london, he i why he drove a taxi in london, he thought, let's not have some great rolls—royce, let's have a proper london cab, and it was great to see the london cabs paying tribute to him today in london.— the london cabs paying tribute to him today in london. given what we know of the — him today in london. given what we know of the duke, _ him today in london. given what we know of the duke, and _ him today in london. given what we know of the duke, and the - him today in london. given what we know of the duke, and the manner. him today in london. given what we | know of the duke, and the manner in which he has died, during the pandemic, during covid restrictions, he didn't like fuss and this probably would have suited him, no big funeral, people being urged not to lay flowers. it is big funeral, people being urged not to lay flowers— to lay flowers. it is exactly as he would have _ to lay flowers. it is exactly as he would have wanted. _ to lay flowers. it is exactly as he would have wanted. anytime - to lay flowers. it is exactly as he - would have wanted. anytime anyone tried to make a fuss, whether it was stamps for a birthday or getting a big party together, it was, don't be so ridiculous, go and do it for someone else. always trying to use that royal influence, that convening power, for better use, in another direction, but did not like it on himself. �* , ., . himself. let's return to windsor castle, himself. let's return to windsor castle. where — himself. let's return to windsor castle, where sonali _ himself. let's return to windsor castle, where sonali shah - himself. let's return to windsor castle, where sonali shah is - himself. let's return to windsor i castle, where sonali shah is there for us now. i know people have been visiting the castle, being moved on, people being urged not to stop and leave flowers, but do we know what can be expected in the next few days ahead? ~ , ., ahead? well, sophie, we are exoecting — ahead? well, sophie, we are exoecting the _ ahead? well, sophie, we are expecting the funeral - ahead? well, sophie, we are expecting the funeral to - ahead? well, sophie, we are expecting the funeral to take j ahead? well, sophie, we are - expecting the funeral to take place at st george's chapel inside windsor castle here. but the exact arrangements are being considered and amended in light of the pandemic. what we do know is that the funeral will not be a state funeral. buckingham palace have said that the details will be released on the royal website in due course. and as you say, they are advising members of the public to perhaps consider charity donations instead of floral tributes, and are directing people towards an online book of condolence. but despite that advice, there has been a steady stream of people, respectful and socially distancing, but a steady stream of people who want to come here to pay their respects, families, we spoke to a group of teenagers who have never seen windsor so quiet, having so many people here, it was so quiet that they thought that we were having a moment of silence. remember, for locals here and everyone we spoke to has been local, this is a very personal loss of a member of their community. the queen and prince philip have been isolating here, they spend christmas here for the first time in 30 years, they celebrated their 73rd wedding anniversary here back in november. and people want to come here and pay tribute notjust because her majesty is inside windsor castle tonight, in mourning, but because, with the year of loss that everyone has had, they feel more connected to her than ever before. ., ,, ., ., ,, , ., always forward—thinking, the duke of edinburgh's interest in the future of younger generations was matched by his interest in the future of science, technology and industry. naturally inquisitive and highly innovative, he pioneered many new ideas long before they became popular. it was the duke's mission to combine tradition with the promotion of a forward—looking monarchy. to communicate using the latest technology. he fully supported televising the queen's coronation in 1953. moving pictures from london that would be seen around the world. 16 years later, in 1969, he invited the cameras deeper into royal life, to see the family from the inside. i remember when i used to come up to the royal lodge, i asked when i arrived, and i said, "where's the king?" and they said, "oh, he's in the garden," and i went out, and there was nothing to be seen except a lot of terribly rude words and language coming out of a rhododendron bush. he broke new ground by appearing in front of the cameras as a presenter. at midnight tonight, the greatest concerted effort ever made to observe and record the detailed facts of our world will commence. a0 minutes to get round the world, well, it's going to be a bit of a rush, it may leave you a little bit muddled, but i don't think it matters very much. he also took to the media as a campaigner. we've got to make the best use of the skill and the brains of the people, and we know perfectly well that people in this country have got a remarkable talent for things if they learn how to do them. we ought to make the best use of that. one particular branch of science appealed to him. engineering held the key to just about everything. everything that wasn't invented by god was invented by an engineer. he promoted the production of clean, sustainable energy. he was the senior fellow of the royal academy of engineering, that he helped found in 1976. he launched the prince philip designers prize, and was the head of the judging panel for over 50 years, rewarding elegant scientific solutions. technology he admired in the outside world he brought into the royal household, here, upgrading communications with an intercom system. i can't get there except if i fly, is that right? it's theoretically possible, it's a three—hour drive, police cars. he was a pioneer when it came to transport, an early user of fuel less damaging to the environment. so much of royal life is about pageantry, ceremony, tradition and the past. the duke of edinburgh always kept an eye on the future. i'm joined now by royal commentator and journalist katie nicholl. and also by gyles brandreth. it is really striking when you watch some of that footage, the black—and—white footage, because so many of us remember the duke of edinburgh as an older man, but when you see him in the �*50s and the �*60s, and what he was interested in, fascinated in, and pursuing, pushing, it's amazing to see. it and pursuing, pushing, it's amazing to see. , ., , ~ to see. it is, and i rememberwhen i sat down with _ to see. it is, and i rememberwhen i sat down with princess _ to see. it is, and i rememberwhen i sat down with princess and - to see. it is, and i rememberwhen i sat down with princess and for - to see. it is, and i rememberwhen i sat down with princess and for an i sat down with princess and for an interview, she talked about the juke's love of engineering, and i think he was a real innovator and pioneer of his time. he came into the palace, he had to find a role for himself, and he did it, he shook things up often in a way which upset courtiers but actually, for example, he took away the staff kitchen at buckingham palace, he could not understand the need to have two, he thought it was unnecessary, so all the food came out of the same kitchen. he did things like putting in solar energy panels, he drove around in a black cab, long before any of us knew what an electric or a hybrid car was. in the same way you see the prince of wales very much ahead of his time, that is very much his father, and he loved science and technology. so much so, obviously one of his greatest legacies is the duke of edinburgh's award, but the prince philip designers award spawned many great people, james dyson, for one. that love and passion for technology and innovation was something that he brought into the palace and shook things up and did things differently, and he did it with the estates as well, which now produce their own gin and cider and christmas trees, this was all him, saying, let's make this work for us. it went right back to the beginning, even the queen's coronation, he was instrumental in getting that to be broadcast. he instrumental in getting that to be broadcast. ., , instrumental in getting that to be broadcast. . , ., ., , ., broadcast. he was, and that is one ofthe broadcast. he was, and that is one of the examples _ broadcast. he was, and that is one of the examples where _ broadcast. he was, and that is one of the examples where he - broadcast. he was, and that is one of the examples where he did - broadcast. he was, and that is one | of the examples where he did rattle and ruffle courtiers, didn't he, gyles? they didn't want it to be televised and he insisted and said this was a good thing to do, and it wasn't the only occasion that he put the royal family to the forefront in this relatively new genre of television. he gave the first interview to a programme, and then got the royal family to do, in the 19605, 1964, the got the royal family to do, in the 1960s, 1964, the royal family, allowing the cameras into the palace. ~ . , .., ., , palace. which is extraordinary when ou think palace. which is extraordinary when you think about _ palace. which is extraordinary when you think about it _ palace. which is extraordinary when you think about it now. _ palace. which is extraordinary when you think about it now. absolutely l you think about it now. absolutely but that was _ you think about it now. absolutely but that was part _ you think about it now. absolutely but that was part of _ you think about it now. absolutely but that was part of his _ you think about it now. absolutely but that was part of his quest - you think about it now. absolutely but that was part of his quest to i but that was part of his quest to make the royal family real and more familiar. i think he understood, and this is an example of how forward thinking he was, that in order to be relevant, people felt they needed to know the royal family, and for so long, they didn't, they were shut out. but he let them in and the magic was lifted a little. bind out. but he let them in and the magic was lifted a little. and that was seen very — magic was lifted a little. and that was seen very clearly _ magic was lifted a little. and that was seen very clearly at - magic was lifted a little. and that was seen very clearly at the - was seen very clearly at the coronation because that was a moment when the country was [it up with colour in the post—war years? he when the country was lit up with colour in the post-war years? he was the chairman — colour in the post-war years? he was the chairman of— colour in the post-war years? he was the chairman of the _ colour in the post-war years? he was the chairman of the coronation - the chairman of the coronation committee but he got into trouble trving _ committee but he got into trouble trying to _ committee but he got into trouble trying to organise it because he was stepping _ trying to organise it because he was stepping on the toes of other people — stepping on the toes of other people. he tried to visit the various— people. he tried to visit the various commonwealth troops who were coming _ various commonwealth troops who were coming over— various commonwealth troops who were coming over by helicopter and his private _ coming over by helicopter and his private secretary was hauled over the coals — private secretary was hauled over the coals at no 10, he was exceeding his brief _ the coals at no 10, he was exceeding his brief he — the coals at no 10, he was exceeding his brief. he really was pushing all the time — his brief. he really was pushing all the time. but as he said to me, he did not— the time. but as he said to me, he did not try— the time. but as he said to me, he did not try to— the time. but as he said to me, he did not try to be a revolutionary, he tried — did not try to be a revolutionary, he tried to — did not try to be a revolutionary, he tried to be a moderniser, he wanted — he tried to be a moderniser, he wanted to— he tried to be a moderniser, he wanted to make the royal family retevant — wanted to make the royal family relevant and contemporary. he was as modern _ relevant and contemporary. he was as modern as— relevant and contemporary. he was as modern as tomorrow, but he had a lot of time _ modern as tomorrow, but he had a lot of time for— modern as tomorrow, but he had a lot of time for yesterday. he believed in the _ of time for yesterday. he believed in the traditions of monarchy and wanted _ in the traditions of monarchy and wanted to— in the traditions of monarchy and wanted to see it evolve, but when new technology came along, he wanted to be using _ new technology came along, he wanted to be using it. he gave up the typewriter, started on the wordprocessor, he was the first want to be _ wordprocessor, he was the first want to be using _ wordprocessor, he was the first want to be using the internet, he sent his own — to be using the internet, he sent his own e—mails, he did all of that. he was— his own e—mails, he did all of that. he was a _ his own e—mails, he did all of that. he was a pragmatist. he contrasted himself— he was a pragmatist. he contrasted himself to _ he was a pragmatist. he contrasted himself to prince charles, he said, prince _ himself to prince charles, he said, prince charles is a romantic, i am a bragmatist — prince charles is a romantic, i am a pragmatist. he wanted to get things done _ pragmatist. he wanted to get things done so— pragmatist. he wanted to get things done. so with the queen, for example. _ done. so with the queen, for example, he made herjewellery. didn't_ example, he made herjewellery. didn't necessarily send her lovey—dovey messages but he made her iewetterv _ lovey—dovey messages but he made her jewellery himself. and he liked practical— jewellery himself. and he liked practical things. jewellery himself. and he liked practicalthings. fascinated by science, — practicalthings. fascinated by science, technology, chemistry, bushing — science, technology, chemistry, pushing the barriers. the two words that most— pushing the barriers. the two words that most often came out of his mouth— that most often came out of his mouth i— that most often came out of his mouth i think were, yes, but... he always— mouth i think were, yes, but... he always wanted to argue with you, questind — always wanted to argue with you, questing. he said, why can't people disagree? _ questing. he said, why can't people disagree? let's go forward, let's do this, tet's _ disagree? let's go forward, let's do this, let's give it a go, let's try, atwavs— this, let's give it a go, let's try, always be — this, let's give it a go, let's try, always be impractical. he this, let's give it a go, let's try, always be impractical. he really did turn his attention _ always be impractical. he really did turn his attention to _ always be impractical. he really did turn his attention to everything - turn his attention to everything that was put in front of him and taken a real interest in it and making sure that he knew as much as he could about it.— he could about it. yes, people might not he could about it. yes, people might rrot remember _ he could about it. yes, people might not remember that _ he could about it. yes, people might not remember that he _ he could about it. yes, people might not remember that he presented - he could about it. yes, people might not remember that he presented a i not remember that he presented a programme about the geophysics of the earth, an entire programme, his knowledge was extraordinary. and this appetite, this thirst for knowledge, to explore, innovation and technology, and of course with the royal family discussing twitter and facebook and everything, philip, it didn't matter that he was the eldest member of the family, he was the one rooting for it, saying, yes, you need to do this. in the same way that the queen felt she needed to be seen to be believed, through the walkabout and the tours, and social media, it was all part of staying relevant. he media, it was all part of staying relevant. ~ ., media, it was all part of staying relevant. ~' . ., ., , relevant. he knew that he had to be on to of relevant. he knew that he had to be on top of it — relevant. he knew that he had to be on top of it because _ relevant. he knew that he had to be on top of it because in _ relevant. he knew that he had to be on top of it because in almost - relevant. he knew that he had to be on top of it because in almost the i on top of it because in almost the first television appearance that he did, he _ first television appearance that he did, he turned over two pages by mistake. — did, he turned over two pages by mistake, so all of a sudden he went from _ mistake, so all of a sudden he went from the _ mistake, so all of a sudden he went from the first page to the third page. — from the first page to the third page, and if he had not known what was on _ page, and if he had not known what was on the — page, and if he had not known what was on the second page, he would have _ was on the second page, he would have been— was on the second page, he would have been lost, that taught him a lesson _ have been lost, that taught him a lesson he — have been lost, that taught him a lesson. he used to say, i appeared on television to talk about what i was interested in, not who i was. good _ was interested in, not who i was. good message, gyles and katie, thank you. as a young man, prince philip enjoyed sailing and went on tojoin dartmouth college in 1939 as a naval cadet. it was the start of a much loved and illustrious career in the royal navy. still a teenager at the outbreak of the war, midshipman philip first saw action with hms valiant in the mediterranean. within two or three days ofjoining, there was a great bombardment of the italian—held port in north africa. and it was quite impressive, a lot of 15 inch guns going off, which i hadn't heard before, suddenly realised that life was for real. march 1941, hms valiant, off the south—west coast of greece. 0ff cape matapan, the italians. were caught, a few guns replied, but quite without effect, - and the enemy's fate was sealed, the action continuing as night fell. prince philip made this entry in his midshipman's log. "my orders were that if any ship illuminated a target, i was to switch on and illuminate it for the rest of the fleet." they said, well, illuminate, so i switched the things on, i suppose, sheer good chance, i actually found a cruiser. and with that, everybody started shooting. his actions in the battle of cape matapan earned him a mention in dispatches. in the last year of the war, he was second—in—command of a new destroyer, hms whelp in the pacific fleet. in the summer of 1945, heading forjapan. being in tokyo bay with the surrender ceremony taking place in a battleship which was, what, 200 yards away, and you could see what was going on with a pair of binoculars. it was a great relief, suddenly feeling that life was different. five years after the end of the second world war, he was back in the mediterranean, in command of his first ship, hms magpie, stationed in malta. the prince and his young wife, princess elizabeth, the malta years, two of the happiest of their lives, cut short by news of king george's failing health. his career in the royal navy was over. from now on, he was the new queen's consort. but he would always look back on his time at sea as a deeply significant period of his life. i am particularly proud to do this because, like all of us who served in the navy during the war, i lost many friends and shipmates who are commemorated here. with me now are former first sea lord lord west and historian dan snow. good evening. the royal navy was in his life from the very start, it took his family when he was 18 months old into exile from corfu. hms calypso picked him up and took him away from greece and the trouble is there. he him away from greece and the trouble is there. ., ., , him away from greece and the trouble is there. ., ' is there. he 'oined when he was 17? he went to — is there. he joined when he was 17? he went to dartmouth _ is there. he joined when he was 17? he went to dartmouth at _ is there. he joined when he was 17? he went to dartmouth at 17 - is there. he joined when he was 17? he went to dartmouth at 17 and - is there. he joined when he was 17? | he went to dartmouth at 17 and took to it like a boat to water, he loved it in the navy and was highly competent and he did extremely well. it was shown in that clip, his involvement in the battle of cape matapan. it was made a first lieutenant of the ship, and he has a fund of fantastic stories about his time in those various ships and he loved his time in the navy. it stood him in good stead for later but of course he had to give it up. it is only command was hms magpie and he clearly loved her, in the royal yacht, there was a model in his cabin of hms magpie in that cabin. he helped design the royal yacht, of course, used it for a couple of trips he did on his own as well as once with the queen, and he had the great love for the navy. he effectively had to give that up and i'm sure he would have gone to the very top of the navy if he had stayed in serving but he gave it up because it was a sense of duty and because it was a sense of duty and because he was in love with the queen and he felt that support was important for him and that is what he did. i important for him and that is what he did. ., he did. i saw an interview he did many years _ he did. i saw an interview he did many years ago _ he did. i saw an interview he did many years ago and _ he did. i saw an interview he did many years ago and he - he did. i saw an interview he did many years ago and he was - he did. i saw an interview he did i many years ago and he was asked about that, about giving up his career, and there was a really wistful tone. career, and there was a really wistfultone. he career, and there was a really wistful tone. he almost said it was his regret but obviously it was very difficult, the one regret, that he was not able to pursue that career because so many said he could have been, he could have gone right to the top. been, he could have gone right to the to. ., , been, he could have gone right to the to. .,, been, he could have gone right to the top. people say he wasn't emotional— the top. people say he wasn't emotional but _ the top. people say he wasn't emotional but i _ the top. people say he wasn't emotional but i think - the top. people say he wasn't emotional but i think he - the top. people say he wasn't emotional but i think he did i the top. people say he wasn't i emotional but i think he did feel things, but hejust emotional but i think he did feel things, but he just didn't show it, that generation of officers, who went through dartmouth, they didn't they were taught not to show emotions, and for example, he really loved the tune tom bowling and it made him quite sad because he thought of friends. it was touched on there, people he knew who died in the second world war, and on the bicentenary of the battle of trafalgar i gave a dinner in nelson's great cabin and we played that tune at that event and you could see, i would not say there was a tear in his eye because that was not his way of doing, but you could see it had an impact and it showed that love for the navy in that part of his life. he that love for the navy in that part of his life. ., , that love for the navy in that part of his life. . , .., ., ., ., of his life. he was encouraged to go into the navy _ of his life. he was encouraged to go into the navy by _ of his life. he was encouraged to go into the navy by his _ of his life. he was encouraged to go into the navy by his uncle, - of his life. he was encouraged to go into the navy by his uncle, lord - into the navy by his uncle, lord mountbatten, but what he loved was the raf, as well. i did mountbatten, but what he loved was the raf, as well.— the raf, as well. i did not know that until i _ the raf, as well. i did not know that until i interviewed - the raf, as well. i did not know that until i interviewed him - the raf, as well. i did not know that until i interviewed him in i that until i interviewed him in buckingham palace, and i was horrified! �* , horrified! laughter he said _ horrified! laughter he said he _ horrified! laughter he said he wanted i horrified! laughter| he said he wanted to horrified! laughter - he said he wanted to join the horrified! laughter _ he said he wanted to join the raf, he said he wanted tojoin the raf, and i_ he said he wanted tojoin the raf, and i so, _ he said he wanted tojoin the raf, and i so, just as well you didn't, think— and i so, just as well you didn't, think how— and i so, just as well you didn't, think how disastrous that would have been” _ think how disastrous that would have been” but _ think how disastrous that would have been,, but mountbatten said to him, no, you join the navy. he been,, but mountbatten said to him, no, youjoin the navy.— no, you 'oin the navy. he came top of his no, youjoin the navy. he came top of his class— no, youjoin the navy. he came top of his class at _ no, youjoin the navy. he came top of his class at dartmouth _ no, youjoin the navy. he came top of his class at dartmouth and - no, youjoin the navy. he came top of his class at dartmouth and he i of his class at dartmouth and he threw— of his class at dartmouth and he threw himself into it. you mention the emotion, he was in the thick of it. the emotion, he was in the thick of it he _ the emotion, he was in the thick of it he was— the emotion, he was in the thick of it. he was not looked after. he was on hms _ it. he was not looked after. he was on hms wallace, doing the un—talked about— on hms wallace, doing the un—talked about bit— on hms wallace, doing the un—talked about bit of his naval career, the least _ about bit of his naval career, the least glamorous but probably the most _ least glamorous but probably the most important, keeping these convovs — most important, keeping these convoys going up and down the east coast _ convoys going up and down the east coast of— convoys going up and down the east coast of england, protecting them from german surface raiders and narrowly— from german surface raiders and narrowly his ship was almost hit by torpedoes— narrowly his ship was almost hit by torpedoes and he was involved in firefights. — torpedoes and he was involved in firefights, so serious war at sea. and again — firefights, so serious war at sea. and again in the mediterranean his ship was _ and again in the mediterranean his ship was attacked from the air in sicily. _ ship was attacked from the air in sicily. so — ship was attacked from the air in sicily, so he saw a lot. speaking of the raf, _ sicily, so he saw a lot. speaking of the raf, he — sicily, so he saw a lot. speaking of the raf, he flew deep into his 70s, he was _ the raf, he flew deep into his 70s, he was proud of his ability. 5000 hours of pilots _ he was proud of his ability. 5000 hours of pilots hours, _ he was proud of his ability. 5000 hours of pilots hours, i _ he was proud of his ability. 5000 hours of pilots hours, ithink- he was proud of his ability. 522: hours of pilots hours, i think he started flying when he was 31 and it was something _ started flying when he was 31 and it was something he _ started flying when he was 31 and it was something he clearly _ started flying when he was 31 and it was something he clearly loved. . started flying when he was 31 and it | was something he clearly loved. the na , we was something he clearly loved. the navy, we should say, the last official— navy, we should say, the last officialjob he had was with the royal— officialjob he had was with the royal marines who are part of the navy. _ royal marines who are part of the navy. so — royal marines who are part of the navy, so the navy from a child in a fruit box— navy, so the navy from a child in a fruit box carried into exile by the navy. _ fruit box carried into exile by the navy. to — fruit box carried into exile by the navy, to his last appointment. there we are, navy, to his last appointment. there we are. those _ navy, to his last appointment. there we are, those are _ navy, to his last appointment. there we are, those are the _ navy, to his last appointment. there we are, those are the pictures - navy, to his last appointment. iii!” we are, those are the pictures from 2017, his last public duty. just incredible. — 2017, his last public duty. just incredible, that _ 2017, his last public duty. jlsii incredible, that length of time and that involvement, and the royal family of course historically, kings were in the navy before they became kings, going back to king william and things like that. king george v, and things like that. king george v, and king george vi, they were both in the royal navy, and in a way he was carrying on that tradition. her majesty must have felt there was a continuity here, in a sense, that that involvement with the royal navy... he was fond of good stories, and in tokyo bay, he was there in the ship he was left blue tenant, most of the ships were american, but he discovered that two rather emaciated men in rags had swum out and climbed up the ladder on to the quarterdeck and these were two royal marines who had been prisoners of wore in japan marines who had been prisoners of wore injapan —— of war. he said there was an event up in yorkshire and he said he was telling them how this had happened, this was in the late 50s, and suddenly at the back these [ads said, that was us, your royal highness, and it was these two men. you have this mass of stories. a couple of years ago i met dickie richardson— a couple of years ago i met dickie richardson who ditched his aircraft in the _ richardson who ditched his aircraft in the indian ocean, he had been attacking — in the indian ocean, he had been attacking japanese targets, but he was rescued on the way home, prince philip _ was rescued on the way home, prince philip lent _ was rescued on the way home, prince philip lent him his clothes and said until the _ philip lent him his clothes and said until the day he died he used to proudly— until the day he died he used to proudly walk around thinking the prince _ proudly walk around thinking the prince gave him all of his outfit. wonderful— prince gave him all of his outfit. wonderful stories. thank you to both of you. the duke's love of the natural world was inspired by his travels across the globe, first as a naval officer, and then as the queen's consort. the royal yacht britannia was a royal residence for glittering state visits and official receptions, but it also gave the royal family somewhere to holiday privately away from the press. here, one of the longest serving crewmen on britannia shares his memories of life onboard with the duke. my name is ellis norrell. i served on britannia for quite a while from 1954 until 1988. went through the ranks from able seaman right through to world officer. the queen: i name this ship britannia. l i wish success to her and to all who sail in her. she was just all ready to go to sea and then we took her to sea. the duke, i've got to say, was really a typical naval officer, and what better could he have than the feel of the ship under him and the motions and everything else, it does bring the heartstrings out! the duke came in from mombasa and joined the royal yacht. i think the purpose was to go to all these little islands and to remind these people that they were part of the commonwealth, as well. it was great fun to be on board. everyone was all chums together and worked hard, but also played hard. despite the rank and everything else. this was 1956, christmas day. down in the antarctic. the duke of edinburgh took all the time to walk round and meet all the yachties. we'd started a beard growing competition and you can just see the little seven o'clock shadow on the duke. we have a tradition in the navy to give certificates, one for crossing the equator, one for the arctic circle, and one for the antarctic circle. we hadn't had any printed so the duke of edinburgh made a certificate out of lino for everybody on board. and there it is. absolutely brilliant. wonderful memento. with me now are former equerry to the duke of edinburgh, commander malcolm sillars, and royal writer katie nicholl. some great memories of the duke on board britannia — a world where he and the queen felt very at ease. you went on britannia with him? i spent a year when i wasjunior officer and that experience was remarkable in the sense that we went out to australia, involved a number of visits by the duke of edinburgh and her majesty, he loved being on the ship and he love the isolation he could get from world affairs, as it were, and to be able to be free and very much himself. latterly, as in a query i was on board britannia for two years, and i was able to see him flourishing in an environment in which he was very much himself, he was a very competitive sailor. britannia provided the perfect platform for him to run his campaign from and also to host guests. we were talking about his career in the royal navy but he spoke extensively about what it meant to him to be at sea and to be exposed to the elements and to be out there. out of control, really, almost made to feel levelling again, very grounding. it levelling again, very grounding. it did anchor him, and he loved it. it was very— did anchor him, and he loved it. it was very important to him, that his children— was very important to him, that his children inherited that love of the sea, so _ children inherited that love of the sea, so princess anne is a very good sailor. _ sea, so princess anne is a very good sailor. as _ sea, so princess anne is a very good sailor, as well, she sails around the scottish coast, as well, and as children. _ the scottish coast, as well, and as children, prince philip wanted to be the one _ children, prince philip wanted to be the one who taught his children to sale and _ the one who taught his children to sale and he did, and a pleasure vacht _ sale and he did, and a pleasure yacht they— sale and he did, and a pleasure yacht they had, and they would take that around the coast when they were on their— that around the coast when they were on their scottish summer holidays. these _ on their scottish summer holidays. these were — on their scottish summer holidays. these were wonderful times. he did escape _ these were wonderful times. he did escape at _ these were wonderful times. he did escape at sea and he loved to do that with — escape at sea and he loved to do that with his family, but it was 'ust that with his family, but it was just being _ that with his family, but it was just being in the great outdoors, the feeling of insignificance and not having to worry about everything elser _ not having to worry about everything else, being — not having to worry about everything else, being at one with nature, whether— else, being at one with nature, whether that was sailing, shooting, hunting. _ whether that was sailing, shooting, hunting, fishing, barbecues on the bow moral— hunting, fishing, barbecues on the bow moral estate of these with the things— bow moral estate of these with the things which gave him such pleasure as a husband and father —— bow moral estate _ as a husband and father —— bow moral estate. amongst their happiest memories, i'm sure.— estate. amongst their happiest memories, i'm sure. what was it like beinr on memories, i'm sure. what was it like being on the — memories, i'm sure. what was it like being on the royal _ memories, i'm sure. what was it like being on the royal britannia - memories, i'm sure. what was it like being on the royal britannia with - being on the royal britannia with him? he being on the royal britannia with him? , ., , being on the royal britannia with him? , . , , ., ., him? he set a very high standard. when he was _ him? he set a very high standard. when he was at _ him? he set a very high standard. when he was at sea _ him? he set a very high standard. when he was at sea in _ him? he set a very high standard. when he was at sea in his - him? he set a very high standard. when he was at sea in his yachts l him? he set a very high standard. i when he was at sea in his yachts he would make sure he had the best crew available, and was able to compete at a very high level. the great yachtsman arthur fox said of him he was neverfarfrom yachtsman arthur fox said of him he was never far from the centre of a race, but equally the britannia was able to provide the perfect place to host his family and guests. so he could escape on board away from the bustle of short life —— onshore life and the hectic pace of activities and the hectic pace of activities and in a sense britannia was a haven for him. and then latterly they would go off around the western isles, as katie mentioned, and in the early days, bloodhound was able to extend his sailing activities to the western isles.— to extend his sailing activities to the western isles. when the royal acht the western isles. when the royal yacht britannia _ the western isles. when the royal yacht britannia went _ the western isles. when the royal yacht britannia went out _ the western isles. when the royal yacht britannia went out of - the western isles. when the royal| yacht britannia went out of service, the queen and the duke were devastated. it meant a lot to them. so much, it carried them to new adventures, _ so much, it carried them to new adventures, wonderfuljourneys, and adventures, wonderful journeys, and they made _ adventures, wonderfuljourneys, and they made wonderful family memories so it is— they made wonderful family memories so it is one _ they made wonderful family memories so it is one of the rare occasions where _ so it is one of the rare occasions where we — so it is one of the rare occasions where we saw the queen deeply emotional in public, and actually shed _ emotional in public, and actually shed a _ emotional in public, and actually shed a tear because they loved it, it was— shed a tear because they loved it, it was pure — shed a tear because they loved it, it was pure escapism for them, they did not— it was pure escapism for them, they did not get— it was pure escapism for them, they did not get very much of that. as we draw to a close _ did not get very much of that. as we draw to a close this _ did not get very much of that. as we draw to a close this evening. - did not get very much of that. as we draw to a close this evening. i - draw to a close this evening. i would like to get your final thoughts, really, what is a very sad day. he lived a very long life, 99 years of age. just shy of his 100th birthday which would have been the 10th ofjune. your thoughts? the ultimate royal _ 10th ofjune. your thoughts? the ultimate royal pioneer, a man we have _ ultimate royal pioneer, a man we have so— ultimate royal pioneer, a man we have so much to be thankful for, and let's celebrate what was a remarkable life. my let's celebrate what was a remarkable life.— let's celebrate what was a remarkable life. g . . ., remarkable life. my final exchange with the duke _ remarkable life. my final exchange with the duke was _ remarkable life. my final exchange with the duke was some _ remarkable life. my final exchange with the duke was some four - remarkable life. my final exchange j with the duke was some four years ago in the wake of his 95th birthday in 2016, and i sent him a greeting and he responded with a note of thanks. one famous line came up towards the end of the letter where he said, i'm sure sailing is good for the soul, but the trouble was i did not get enough of it. the letter went on to discuss his private secretary who had just recently died, brian mcgrath, and he said brian had had a rich and rewarding life and that is all one could expect for. life and that is all one could expect for-— life and that is all one could exect for. ., ., expect for. indeed. thanks for 'oinin: expect for. indeed. thanks for joining us- _ it's been nine hours since the announcement that his royal highness the duke of edinburgh died earlier today. the atmosphere at the castle is one of quiet reflection. there is no great outpouring of grief, but you get a sense of warm affection and respect not only in remembrance of the duke of edinburgh but for her majesty the queen. the union flag is flying at half mast at buckingham palace. as yet no details have been released for the plans for the duke's funeral. we expect an announcement to be made tomorrow. this evening, we've reflected on the extraordinary life and work of the duke of edinburgh. my thanks to all our guests, who have been sharing some personal insights and memories of the duke. stay with us on bbc one for a very special commemorative programme on the duke of edinburgh. from us all here, goodnight.

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