warns we're not in the clear yet. there are going to be lots of bumps and twists on the road from here on in. there will definitely be another surge at some point, whether it is before winter or in next winter, we don't know. good afternoon. one year after the first lockdown began across the united kingdom, the queen has reflected on the "grief and loss felt by so many" during the pandemic. in this message attached to flowers she sent to the hospital where the duke of edinburgh was treated she also praised the "immeasurable service of those who have supported us over the last 12 months". the prime minister borisjohnson has remembered more than 126,000 people who have died during what he's called "a very dark and difficult year". in the past 2a hours, the uk has recorded a further 112 covid deaths — that's people who've died within 28 days of a positive covid test. that figure was 110 last tuesday. 5,379 new covid infections have also been recorded in uk in the past 2a hours — that's slightly up from 5,294 this time last week. in other developments today, deaths in the uk have fallen below the five—year average for the first time since the summer. as part of new coronavirus laws due to come into force next week, anyone in england trying to travel abroad without good reason will face a £5,000 fine. and germany is extending its lockdown over the easter holiday, amid soaring covid infections in many parts of continental europe. as the uk continues to mark one year since the first lockdown, people are being encouraged to stand on their doorsteps at 8 o'clock with phones, candles and torches to signify a "beacon of remembrance". duncan kennedy reports. a cross of hope, after what has seemed like a never ending circle of despair. made of real grass, it symbolises life after death. 0ptimism to follow darkness. winchester is just one place to mark this day of national reflection. with words of contemplation from the dean of the cathedral to begin a minute's silence. on this solemn and significant national anniversary, we take time to reflect on the year past, and to remember, mourn and honour, those who have lost their lives as a result of contracting coronavirus. the queen marked today by sending flowers to st bartholomew's hospital in london, where the duke of edinburgh underwent heart surgery. in a message, the queen paid tribute to the immeasurable service of those who supported us all over the last year. the duke and duchess of cambridge also took part in a private moment of reflection at westminster abbey. the prime minister today released his own message, saying, today is an opportunity to reflect on the past year, one of the most difficult in our country's history. and we owe both the nhs staff and those on the front lines and all the families of those who have died, to learn the lessons of the last 12 months, to have an inquiry and to learn what went wrong, to make sure that we never repeat that. it was on this day last year that lockdown began — when our streets emptied, and our lives transformed. a contagion had come among us, and put everyone in peril. from this evening i must give the british people a very simple instruction. you must stay at home. the way ahead is hard. and it is still true that many lives will sadly be lost. since those words, our hospitals have fought to save us, but more than 126,000 people have lost their lives to covid. some 6 million people have been bereaved by covid. today, prince charles spoke of our national ordeal. over the past year, our country has been through a trial which has tested our resolve and resilience in countless ways. we have all been inspired by the resourcefulness we have witnessed. humbled by the dedication shown by so many. and moved beyond words by the sacrifices we have seen. like all reflections, this day of reflection is a stage upon which to look at ourselves, who we are, who we have lost, sacrifice, change, pain, hope. duncan kennedy, bbc news, in winchester. shortly, we'll be getting the view from scotland, wales and northern ireland, but first to our political correspondent damian grammaticas in westminster. and just to say the press conference that we are expecting at 5 o'clock, the prime minister borisjohnson of course and he will be joined by two familiarfaces, chris course and he will be joined by two familiar faces, chris whitty and sir patrick vallance. today very much a moment of remembrance, of reflection and also looking forward? yes. and also looking forward? yes, that's right. — and also looking forward? yes, that's right, we _ and also looking forward? yes, that's right, we had _ and also looking forward? yes, that's right, we had that - and also looking forward? yes that's right, we had that moment of reflection at midday. it happened in parliament, where they paused. and had a minute's silence. it happened in downing street. the prime minister spoke to the cabinet this morning. they talked about their condolences to the relatives of 126,000 who have died. sir keir starmer marked it with ambulance staff in london. he has called again for a public inquiry to learn lessons after the uk has had one of the highest cumulative death tolls in the world. the government has said that it believes now is not the time for that. but it is considering new measures, including possibly compelling all of those who work in care homes to have compulsory vaccines. that would be controversial, but it would apply to somewhere around a million people who work in the care sector. but then looking forward to the steps that will begin next week, as we start to emerge from lockdown. the port thing there, i think — important thing we will hear that is depends on the vaccine programme and the continued supply of vaccines and in that regard, the prime minister has been talking in the last few days to european leaders who have been making the point again that they have supplied 10 million vaccines here, but not had supplies in return from the uk. they are calling for reciprocity there. this is a difficult area and a difficult moment. looking to steps at unwinding the lockdown from next week. i’m unwinding the lockdown from next week. �* . ., , week. i'm at the scottish parliament, _ week. i'm at the scottish parliament, where - week. i'm at the scottish parliament, where partyl week. i'm at the scottish - parliament, where party leaders week. i'm at the scottish _ parliament, where party leaders have been paying tribute to those who have died — been paying tribute to those who have died in the last year. nicola sturgeon. — have died in the last year. nicola sturgeon, she addressed the scottish parliament and she said that now, going _ parliament and she said that now, going by— parliament and she said that now, going by the weekly figures, almost 10,000 _ going by the weekly figures, almost 10,000 people have now died in the last yeah _ 10,000 people have now died in the last year. and that has impacted on families_ last year. and that has impacted on families and communities in the mainland — families and communities in the mainland and the islands of shetland and berra _ mainland and the islands of shetland and barra and northern isles have been _ and barra and northern isles have been affected. in scotland at the beginning of pandemic, the most vulnerable people in our communities, those in care homes were _ communities, those in care homes were particularly affected, with hi-h were particularly affected, with high death figures there and since then families not being able to visit their— then families not being able to visit their relatives in care homes. nicola _ visit their relatives in care homes. nicola sturgeon also spoke about the many sacrifices that people have been _ many sacrifices that people have been making across scotland, people working _ been making across scotland, people working in _ been making across scotland, people working in the nhs, teachers and parents _ working in the nhs, teachers and parents having to do home schooling. she also _ parents having to do home schooling. she also mentioned the police force. she also mentioned the police force. she said _ she also mentioned the police force. she said it's— she also mentioned the police force. she said it's been an incredibly difficult — she said it's been an incredibly difficult year. but looking to the future, — difficult year. but looking to the future, the difference this year is now the — future, the difference this year is now the vaccine has been in place and now— now the vaccine has been in place and now almost half of the adult population have had at least the first dose — population have had at least the first dose of their vaccine. and there — first dose of their vaccine. and there is— first dose of their vaccine. and there is a _ first dose of their vaccine. and there is a route map outf first dose of their vaccine. and there is a route map out f the figures, — there is a route map out f the figures, the level of cases does stay as— figures, the level of cases does stay as low as it has been. at the moment— stay as low as it has been. at the moment schools are going back in a phased _ moment schools are going back in a phased approach, that is due to be completed — phased approach, that is due to be completed after the easter holidays and the _ completed after the easter holidays and the key date that we are looking towards _ and the key date that we are looking towards is _ and the key date that we are looking towards is 26th april, when the economy— towards is 26th april, when the economy in scotland starts to open up. economy in scotland starts to open on that _ economy in scotland starts to open up. that will be retail, hospitality, and gyms. so up. that will be retail, hospitality, and gyms. up. that will be retail, hositali ,and: ms. . ., hospitality, and gyms. so much to reflect on over _ hospitality, and gyms. so much to reflect on over the _ hospitality, and gyms. so much to reflect on over the last _ hospitality, and gyms. so much to reflect on over the last 12 - hospitality, and gyms. so much to reflect on over the last 12 months. here _ reflect on over the last 12 months. here in _ reflect on over the last 12 months. here in wales— reflect on over the last 12 months. here in wales one _ reflect on over the last 12 months. here in wales one of— reflect on over the last 12 months. here in wales one of the - reflect on over the last 12 months. here in wales one of the key- reflect on over the last 12 months. j here in wales one of the key thing is how— here in wales one of the key thing is how nnich— here in wales one of the key thing is how much more _ here in wales one of the key thing is how much more the _ here in wales one of the key thing is how much more the decisions. here in wales one of the key thing - is how much more the decisions made by the _ is how much more the decisions made by the welsh — is how much more the decisions made by the welsh government _ is how much more the decisions made by the welsh government have - is how much more the decisions made by the welsh government have a - by the welsh government have a direct— by the welsh government have a direct impact— by the welsh government have a direct impact on— by the welsh government have a direct impact on people's - by the welsh government have a direct impact on people's lives. i direct impact on people's lives. ministers— direct impact on people's lives. ministers in— direct impact on people's lives. ministers in wales _ direct impact on people's lives. ministers in wales have - direct impact on people's lives. ministers in wales have decide| direct impact on people's lives. - ministers in wales have decide who you can _ ministers in wales have decide who you can see, — ministers in wales have decide who you can see, where _ ministers in wales have decide who you can see, where you _ ministers in wales have decide who you can see, where you can- ministers in wales have decide who you can see, where you can go- ministers in wales have decide who you can see, where you can go and| ministers in wales have decide who. you can see, where you can go and it has done _ you can see, where you can go and it has done things _ you can see, where you can go and it has done things differently— you can see, where you can go and it has done things differently to - you can see, where you can go and it has done things differently to the - has done things differently to the uk government. _ has done things differently to the uk government. in— has done things differently to the uk government. in october- has done things differently to the uk government. in october and i uk government. in october and december, _ uk government. in october and december, locking _ uk government. in october and december, locking down- uk government. in october and december, locking down ahead| uk government. in october and . december, locking down ahead of uk government. in october and - december, locking down ahead of the uk. december, locking down ahead of the uk this _ december, locking down ahead of the uk this impact — december, locking down ahead of the uk. this impact of— december, locking down ahead of the uk. this impact of the _ december, locking down ahead of the uk. this impact of the pandemic- december, locking down ahead of the uk. this impact of the pandemic has. uk. this impact of the pandemic has hit hard _ uk. this impact of the pandemic has hit hard in _ uk. this impact of the pandemic has hit hard in wales, _ uk. this impact of the pandemic has hit hard in wales, with _ uk. this impact of the pandemic has hit hard in wales, with some - uk. this impact of the pandemic has hit hard in wales, with some of- uk. this impact of the pandemic has hit hard in wales, with some of the. hit hard in wales, with some of the highest _ hit hard in wales, with some of the highest death — hit hard in wales, with some of the highest death rates _ hit hard in wales, with some of the highest death rates in— hit hard in wales, with some of the highest death rates in areas - hit hard in wales, with some of the highest death rates in areas of- highest death rates in areas of social— highest death rates in areas of social deprivation— highest death rates in areas of social deprivation and - highest death rates in areas ofj social deprivation and poverty. peobie — social deprivation and poverty. people living _ social deprivation and poverty. people living with _ social deprivation and poverty. people living with chronic - social deprivation and poverty. - people living with chronic diseases have also— people living with chronic diseases have also suffered _ people living with chronic diseases have also suffered the _ people living with chronic diseases have also suffered the most - people living with chronic diseases have also suffered the most from i have also suffered the most from covid-i9~ — have also suffered the most from covid—19. however, _ have also suffered the most from covid—19. however, the - have also suffered the most from covid—19. however, the situation| have also suffered the most from i covid—19. however, the situation is improving, — covid—19. however, the situation is improving, case— covid—19. however, the situation is improving, case rates— covid—19. however, the situation is improving, case rates are - covid—19. however, the situation is improving, case rates are now- covid—19. however, the situation is improving, case rates are now thel improving, case rates are now the lowest _ improving, case rates are now the lowest in — improving, case rates are now the lowest in the _ improving, case rates are now the lowest in the uk _ improving, case rates are now the lowest in the uk and _ improving, case rates are now the lowest in the uk and today- improving, case rates are now the lowest in the uk and today for- improving, case rates are now the lowest in the uk and today for the second _ lowest in the uk and today for the second day— lowest in the uk and today for the second day in— lowest in the uk and today for the second day in a _ lowest in the uk and today for the second day in a row, _ lowest in the uk and today for the second day in a row, no— lowest in the uk and today for the second day in a row, no new- lowest in the uk and today for the . second day in a row, no new reported deaths~ _ second day in a row, no new reported deaths~ people— second day in a row, no new reported deaths. people look— second day in a row, no new reported deaths. people look to _ second day in a row, no new reported deaths. people look to the _ second day in a row, no new reported deaths. people look to the future - deaths. people look to the future and the _ deaths. people look to the future and the process _ deaths. people look to the future and the process of— deaths. people look to the future and the process of unlocking. - deaths. people look to the future | and the process of unlocking. that is what _ and the process of unlocking. that is what aiways _ and the process of unlocking. that is what always causes _ and the process of unlocking. that is what always causes the - and the process of unlocking. that is what always causes the most. is what always causes the most political — is what always causes the most political heat _ is what always causes the most political heat for _ is what always causes the most political heat for the _ is what always causes the most political heat for the welsh - is what always causes the most. political heat for the welsh labour government, _ political heat for the welsh labour government, how— political heat for the welsh labour government, how and _ political heat for the welsh labour government, how and when - political heat for the welsh labourl government, how and when people political heat for the welsh labour - government, how and when people to -ive government, how and when people to give people _ government, how and when people to give people more _ government, how and when people to give people more freedom. _ government, how and when people to give people more freedom. it- government, how and when people to give people more freedom. it has- give people more freedom. it has been _ give people more freedom. it has been criticised _ give people more freedom. it has been criticised by _ give people more freedom. it has been criticised by the _ give people more freedom. it has been criticised by the opposition. been criticised by the opposition for not _ been criticised by the opposition for not having _ been criticised by the opposition for not having a _ been criticised by the opposition for not having a road _ been criticised by the opposition for not having a road map. - been criticised by the opposition . for not having a road map. instead it has— for not having a road map. instead it has three — for not having a road map. instead it has three weekly _ for not having a road map. instead it has three weekly reviews, - it has three weekly reviews, suggesting _ it has three weekly reviews, suggesting maybe _ it has three weekly reviews, suggesting maybe differentl it has three weekly reviews, - suggesting maybe different areas could _ suggesting maybe different areas could uniock~ _ suggesting maybe different areas could unlock. now, _ suggesting maybe different areas could unlock. now, we _ suggesting maybe different areas could unlock. now, we have - suggesting maybe different areasl could unlock. now, we have heard from _ could unlock. now, we have heard from the _ could unlock. now, we have heard from the first _ could unlock. now, we have heard from the first minister— could unlock. now, we have heard from the first minister this- could unlock. now, we have heard from the first minister this week i from the first minister this week suggesting — from the first minister this week suggesting he _ from the first minister this week suggesting he doesn't— from the first minister this week suggesting he doesn't think - from the first minister this week suggesting he doesn't think that| suggesting he doesn't think that life in— suggesting he doesn't think that life in wales _ suggesting he doesn't think that life in wales will _ suggesting he doesn't think that life in wales will return - suggesting he doesn't think that. life in wales will return completely to normal— life in wales will return completely to normal in — life in wales will return completely to normal in 2021. _ life in wales will return completely to normal in 2021. it _ life in wales will return completely to normal in 2021. it may- life in wales will return completely to normal in 2021. it may be - life in wales will return completely to normal in 2021. it may be for. life in wales will return completelyl to normal in 2021. it may be for the rest of— to normal in 2021. it may be for the rest of the — to normal in 2021. it may be for the rest of the year _ to normal in 2021. it may be for the rest of the year that _ to normal in 2021. it may be for the rest of the year that wales - to normal in 2021. it may be for the rest of the year that wales does - rest of the year that wales does things— rest of the year that wales does things at— rest of the year that wales does things at a — rest of the year that wales does things at a different _ rest of the year that wales does things at a different pace. - rest of the year that wales does things at a different pace. but . things at a different pace. but voters — things at a different pace. but voters in _ things at a different pace. but voters in wales _ things at a different pace. but voters in wales will— things at a different pace. but voters in wales will have - things at a different pace. but voters in wales will have their opportunity— voters in wales will have their opportunity to— voters in wales will have their opportunity to pass _ voters in wales will have their opportunity to passjudgment| voters in wales will have their. opportunity to pass judgment on that, _ opportunity to pass judgment on that, there — opportunity to pass judgment on that, there are _ opportunity to pass judgment on that, there are senedd - opportunity to pass judgment on that, there are senedd electionsj opportunity to pass judgment on . that, there are senedd elections in may _ that, there are senedd elections in may that — that, there are senedd elections in may that is — that, there are senedd elections in may. that is when _ that, there are senedd elections in may. that is when people - that, there are senedd elections in may. that is when people may- that, there are senedd elections in may. that is when people may be. that, there are senedd elections in. may. that is when people may be able to give _ may. that is when people may be able to give their— may. that is when people may be able to give their indication— may. that is when people may be able to give their indication of— may. that is when people may be able to give their indication of how- may. that is when people may be able to give their indication of how they. to give their indication of how they think— to give their indication of how they think the _ to give their indication of how they think the welsh — to give their indication of how they think the welsh government - to give their indication of how they think the welsh government has l think the welsh government has handled — think the welsh government has handled this _ think the welsh government has handled this crisis. _ think the welsh government has handled this crisis.— handled this crisis. here in northern _ handled this crisis. here in northern ireland, - handled this crisis. here in northern ireland, it - handled this crisis. here in northern ireland, it has i handled this crisis. here in i northern ireland, it has been handled this crisis. here in - northern ireland, it has been a day of reflection and remembrance, the focus on the families who have suffered bereavement, according to the records s kept by the department of health. many thousands have had their lives affected. just this time last year, the devolved governments had beenjust last year, the devolved governments had been just up and last year, the devolved governments had beenjust up and running last year, the devolved governments had been just up and running after last year, the devolved governments had beenjust up and running after a three year collapse, so suddenly ministers found themselves facing their biggest ever challenge in an administration which is governed by five party, the process has been complicated and in autumn the assembly was criticised for what was seen as inconsistent decision—making. but it has to be said over the winter there was a new unity of purpose among the parties, all of them supportive of the lockdown, which kicked in here on boxing day. the public health situation has been improving. for example over the last 48—hours there have been no new admissions of covid patients to hospital and the number of daily deaths has dropped to just over one per day. next week on thursday the restrictions will be eased when people from two different households can meet up in private gardens. from this week, most school—children have returned to the classroom. but there is no date for the re—opening of other parts of economy. ministers are stressing that northern ireland will be exiting lockdown slowly, cautiously and they hope permanently. thank ou. we can speak now to the archbishop of york, stephen cottrell. good afternoon, lovely to see you, thank you for talking to us this afternoon. thank you for talking to us this afternoon-— thank you for talking to us this l afternoon._ your afternoon. good afternoon. your thou . hts afternoon. good afternoon. your thoughts one _ afternoon. good afternoon. your thoughts one year— afternoon. good afternoon. your thoughts one year after - afternoon. good afternoon. your thoughts one year after they - afternoon. good afternoon. your| thoughts one year after they first lockdown was announced, which we all remember so vividly. your thoughts on the past year and the way forward. ~ , ., ., ., forward. well, first of all, today is a day of _ forward. well, first of all, today is a day of reflection _ forward. well, first of all, today is a day of reflection and - is a day of reflection and remembrance, so my first thought is to look back over the past year, particularly remembering those who have died. 0ne particularly remembering those who have died. one of the hardest things i've had to do in the past year is take severalfunerals, i've had to do in the past year is take several funerals, and just to be at a funeral where the bereaved families cannot even sit with each other or hold each other in their bereavement was such a painful, sad thing to be part of. so first of all, i'm remembering those who have died, i am all, i'm remembering those who have died, iam remembering all, i'm remembering those who have died, i am remembering those who are still ill, remembering those who mourn. and, of course, also remembering, with great thanksgiving, the dedicated service of so many people who have put their own lives at risk to care for us, and that is the main focus of my thoughts and thanksgivings and prayers today. but, yes, this is also a time to look forward, and i suppose my main hope as we look forward is that out of the horrors and sorrows of this past year, we can learn something of lasting good, and the thing which most obviously springs to my mind is the way that, in the past year, it has been a hard lesson to learn, but we have learned that we belong to each other. i mean, the vaccination itself is the best example of that. until everyone is vaccinated, there is a sense in which no—one is vaccinated. but who would have thought a year ago that when you ask somebody who is an essential worker, nobody would have thought somebody who stacks the shelves at the supermarket or drives the delivery van. we have come to find a new appreciation about each other, and so may be in one way you could say that, whereas in the past perhaps we used to measure each other by the size of our salary, we were quite a materialistic world, now let's measure each other by the size of our heart. and i've seen so much good heartedness in ordinary people, in ordinary places, an act of sacrificial service that, despite the horrors, i look forward with hopefulness. it the horrors, i look forward with hopefulness— hopefulness. it has been particularly _ hopefulness. it has been particularly cruel, - hopefulness. it has been particularly cruel, this i hopefulness. it has been - particularly cruel, this virus, you talk about funerals that you have presided over, few people are allowed there, the grief of relatives, often relatives who have not been able to see their loved ones in hospital, you know, goodbye is over zoom, over a computer. it has been very difficult, very painful, even more so than usual. it painful, even more so than usual. it has been unbelievably painful, and not one of us has been unaffected by this. a happy thing happened in my life over the past year, i became a grandad for the first time, but it was a long while before i could see and hold my new grandson. and every family and every person has been affected in some ways, and i am also very aware that some of our poorest communities have been disproportionately affected, people have had no choice about working from home, they live in cramped conditions, they do not have access to outside space. i mean, this is a scandal, and i'm hoping that as we move out of covid, we can build a better, fairer world. and i'm hoping that they sting about how i think we've learnt to measure each other and treat each other differently, i see that as a positive thing, and i think out of that, we can do better. i mean take what happened last summer, when we stood on the pavements and cheer to the nhs, which was a wonderful coming togetherfor which was a wonderful coming together for our which was a wonderful coming togetherfor our nation. which was a wonderful coming together for our nation. i also think to myself, we weren'tjust cheering the nhs, although obviously thatis cheering the nhs, although obviously that is what we were doing — we were also cheering an idea which is very precious to us in our nation, the idea that health is available to everyone regardless of their ability to pay. that is a good thing that we are proud of, and we want to build on that, but one that doesn't take away from things like a roof over your head and food on your table. i am rather hoping that our political discourse will focus much more on these basic needs that all of us deserve and require, which can build stable communities of wellbeing, and so, for me, the big challenge looking forward is, yes, let's remember the horrors and the sorrows of this past year, but let's also build a better society, building on the good things that we have discovered in adversity. archbishop of york, discovered in adversity. archbishop of york. lovely _ discovered in adversity. archbishop of york, lovely to _ discovered in adversity. archbishop of york, lovely to talk _ discovered in adversity. archbishop of york, lovely to talk to _ discovered in adversity. archbishop of york, lovely to talk to you, - of york, lovely to talk to you, thank you for talking to us this afternoon. i'm joined now from troon in ayrshire by the snp mp dr philippa whitford. good afternoon to you as well. how do you look back on the past 12 months? i do you look back on the past 12 months? ., . ., , ., months? i would certainly agree with eve hinu months? i would certainly agree with everything the _ months? i would certainly agree with everything the archbishop _ months? i would certainly agree with everything the archbishop said, - months? i would certainly agree with everything the archbishop said, and l everything the archbishop said, and with nearly 150,000 people losing their lives, i think those of us who have been lucky enough to get through this with our families intact have an awful lot to be thankful for, intact have an awful lot to be thankfulfor, and it's very intact have an awful lot to be thankful for, and it's very easy to end upjust thankful for, and it's very easy to end up just focusing thankful for, and it's very easy to end upjust focusing on thankful for, and it's very easy to end up just focusing on what we cannot do instead of being thankful for what we can and who we still have in ourfamilies, even if we are only seeing them through the zoom screen instead of being able to give them a hug. i think it is important that we recognise how difficult this was for every government this time last year, trying to work out what this meant and what we should do. but we are a year on, and we should be looking back at the things we got right, the things we didn't get right, the things we didn't get right, things that other countries did much better than the uk, and how we should learn from that. and i am a bit concerned that we are putting all of our eggs in the vaccine basket, that wonderful as the vaccinations are, we are in danger of letting cases rise, letting more new variants emerge, and actually setting ourselves back, and we await to everyone not to let that happen. you mention cases rising, and they are rising in scotland at the moment, particularly amongst the 25-44 moment, particularly amongst the 25—44 age group. do you know why that is? schools went back a couple of weeks ago, is that something else? $5 of weeks ago, is that something else? �* , , ., of weeks ago, is that something else? m of weeks ago, is that something else? a ., ., of weeks ago, is that something else? as you say, that age group is not really schools, _ else? as you say, that age group is not really schools, you _ else? as you say, that age group is not really schools, you know, - else? as you say, that age group is not really schools, you know, i- not really schools, you know, i think that we are seeing that in certain in england as well, there are some areas that are rising even though the overall number of cases are going down. in scotland, it's very much around the west of scotland and the central belt, so the areas that are much more densely populated. it may well come down to areas where you have kind of more overcrowding, where you have more deprivation. we know that these communities have been affected more all the way through. but actually, throughout most of the second wave, scotland has had the lowest number of cases. but what we see, and i think this is partly because of the kent variant, it is so much more infectious than what we were dealing with in the first wave, you just have no room for manoeuvre, so all four countries are very close to each other, and we are making progress, but very slow progress at the moment. so sometimes our cases are up, sometimes they are down, but they are not falling very quickly. dr philippa whitford, thank you very much forjoining us this afternoon. and tonight on bbc one, naga munchetty and nick robinson will present a live bbc news special, reflecting on some of the biggest lockdown stories of the year and asking how the world might change beyond the pandemic. throughout the past 12 months, we've all become familiar with public health messages aimed at saving lives and protecting the nhs. there have been huge medical advances, as day by day scientists have gained more knowledge about how to tackle coronavirus. this morning, there was the further good news that the number of weekly deaths in england and wales has fallen below the five—year average for the first time since last august. a lot of figures going the right way, but in terms of cases slightly concerning. way, but in terms of cases slightly concerning-— way, but in terms of cases slightly concerninu. , , ., ., , concerning. yes, cases are low, but the have concerning. yes, cases are low, but they have begun — concerning. yes, cases are low, but they have begun to _ concerning. yes, cases are low, but they have begun to plateau, - concerning. yes, cases are low, but they have begun to plateau, and - concerning. yes, cases are low, but they have begun to plateau, and in| they have begun to plateau, and in some areas we see small rises, in others small drops. we are probably in the strongest position we have beeninin in the strongest position we have been in in the pandemic. when you look at the data and the infrastructure we have got in place, on testing, we have got the ability to do over 750,000 lab test today, at the start of the pandemic it was just 3000. on treatments, we have seen progress with dexamethasone, a widely available steroid that is used for people who are seriously ill in hospital, and researchers last week was saying that has perhaps saved as many as 22,000 lives. and of course, as everyone has been saying, the roll—out of the vaccination programme has gone well, more than half the adult population has been vaccinated or at least received a first dose of the vaccine. and if we look at hospitalisations and deaths, they are coming down. we can perhaps look at a chart now, this is from the office for national statistics, and it shows the total number of people dying. now, the black line is what you would expect to see, the numbers of deaths you would expect to see, and you can see the two wives, back in the spring how numbers increased, the red is the number of covid deaths. we can just see today that there was total numbers of deaths have dropped below what you would expect for the first time, that is the first time that has happened since the summer. now, that is an effect of the lockdown plus the vaccination programme, and it means, as we start lifting restrictions, they can be a degree of cautious optimism about where we are going. and a fair, obviously, is that if restrictions are lifted too fast, you see another dramatic peak. yes. you see another dramatic peak. yes, professor chris _ you see another dramatic peak. yes, professor chris whitty _ you see another dramatic peak. use: professor chris whitty was appearing at the local government association public health conference this morning, and that was one of the key messages he was giving. i think we will see him repeated in the briefing in a moment, that we have to have this gradual, step—by—step move out of lockdown, and he said, whilst we are in a good position, there are going to be bumps along there are going to be bumps along the road. he said the vaccines, whilst at the roll—out has gone well, there could still be shortages. we know the number of first doses that are going to be given in april is going to be less than we thought. ihlick given in april is going to be less than we thought.— given in april is going to be less than we thought. nick triggle, thank ou. heading abroad for some sunshine could see you facing a £5,000 fine. the government says new coronavirus laws, due to come into force next week, will target people from england travelling without good reason. 0ur transport correspondent caroline davies reports. the empty beaches may be calling, but they aren't in reach yet. holidays are already illegal, and anyone travelling abroad needs to have a declaration form. in addition, on monday, when the stay—at—home rule ends, the government plans to introduce a £5,000 fine for anyone travelling internationally without a legally permissible reason. those include work where it is not reasonably possible to do it from the uk, study where it is considered necessary, elite sports, for training or competition, medical, such as a clinical appointment, funeral or wedding of a close family member living outside the uk. these are very similar to the existing rules. this doesn't include visiting grandparents, so families like dorota's, whose parents are in poland, will have to wait to be reunited with their grandson. we mention grandma and grandpa and the rest of the family, and hejust goes kind of quiet and silent and withdraws, and it's worrying me. i think so many of us have valid reasons to want to go on holiday, but, you know, i do think that there is a difference between going for leisure versus going to see your family, especially if young children are involved who perhaps haven't met or haven't seen their close family. the law could be in place until the 30th ofjune, but the government say this doesn't change the timeline where international travel could restart on the 17th of may. i entirely understand people's yearning to get away and have a summer holiday, and we're looking at that question right now, as part of the global travel task force, as it's called, which will report in the middle of next month, and we... the earliest that we will take any steps will be 17th may. but some in the travel industry are worried that this is sending mixed messages. it's just so frustrating. finally, there was some light at the end of the tunnel, we had some optimism, and then the travel industry wakes up to headlines like this. itjust creates more uncertainty, when actually we still don't know anything. all of this speculation is exactly that, it is speculation, until the travel task force reports back on the 12th of april. to have these fines come in right now, it's just another blow. if the government wanted these draconian measures, they should have been introduced back when international holidays were first banned, it's more scaremongering. the industry is keeping its eyes fixed on the government's next announcement in the hope that it will bring them certainty and brighter news. caroline davies, bbc news. we are waiting to hear from the prime minister, who will be joined by professor chris whitty and sir patrick vallance. 0ur political correspondent damian grammaticas is at westminster. a year after that first lockdown began, i think it is safe to say no one imagined it would still be going on 12 months later? he. one imagined it would still be going on 12 months later?— on 12 months later? no, and a year auo on 12 months later? no, and a year ago remember _ on 12 months later? no, and a year ago remember boris _ on 12 months later? no, and a year ago remember boris johnson - on 12 months later? no, and a year ago remember boris johnson told l ago remember borisjohnson told people to go home to work at home, warned of deaths, but at that moment, as you say, everyone thought it would last weeks, maybe a few months, certainly be over by the summer. we have had three lockdowns, we are still in one. there are still millions on furlough. i think what he is going to do is try to point to those indicators that are showing how things are going in the right direction. everything is in decline, the hospitalisations, the positive cases, the deaths, i think we will hear this message that this is due to the vaccination programme and people need to stay the course now and the prime minister will want to focus on that message. what he has said is that despite the sort of what they call the lumpiness in the vaccine supply and there will be a slow down next month, that they still believe they can hit the milestones, which include that unlocking programme that will begin next week from monday, with the first steps in england to allowing people to go and gather in larger groups and then there will be reviews every five weeks. that is the plan at the minute. and that of course all depends on the progress in the health indicators and in the vaccine programme. so that is the critical element on this which hangs. from today, it is a sort of moment for the prime minister to mark that one year anniversary, to try to, as he did earlier when he spoke to his cabinet, to send condolences to the 126,000 who died and he recognises the efforts s everyone has made at home and those working in hospitals and in vaccine development, working in key roles to keep the economy going. but equally to say that now there is this prospect of change. i think we can hearfrom him now. good afternoon. thank you for joining us. when i asked you to go into lockdown exactly a year ago, it seemed incredible that in the 21st century this was the only way the fight a new disease. to stay at home, to avoid human contact, to shun many of the patterns of behaviour that are most natural to us. but we did it, together, to protect the nhs to save lives, and for the entire british people it has been an epic of endurance and privation, of children's birthday parties cancelled, weddings postponed, family gatherings simply deleted from the diary and worst of all in that time we have suffered so many losses and for so many people our grief has been made more acute, because we have not been able to see our loved ones in theirfinal days to hold their hands or mourn them together. at the right moment, we will come together to build a fitting and permanent memorial and to commemorate this period. for month after month, our fight against coronavirus was like fighting in the dark against a callous and invisible enemy. untilscience dark against a callous and invisible enemy. until science helped us to turn the lights on and to gain the upper hand and i want to renew my thanks to everyone responsible for the astounding vaccine roll out that has enabled us to protect more than 28 people with a firstjab and administer more than 30 million doses in total. i want to thank everybody for their courage, their courage, discipline and patience. when people come to describe this epidemic to future generations we will tell the story of the heroes of nhs and social care, of pharmacists, teachers, armed service personnel, shop workers, the police and many others. but in the end, this was unlike any other struggle in my lifetime. in that our entire population has been engaged and it is thanks to all of you therefore that we can continue on our road map to freedom. we will meet our targets offering a first dose to everybody over 50 by the middle of next month, as well as though who are vulnerable and offering a first dose to every aduu and offering a first dose to every adult by the end ofjuly. and cautiously, step by step, jab by jab, this country is on the path to reclaiming our freedoms. jab, this country is on the path to reclaiming ourfreedoms. thank you very much. i'm going to go to... chris who is going to do the slides. thank you prime minister, first slide, please. the first sliez —— slide, please. the first sliez —— slide is from september last year. the data from this time last year, we didn't have the testing capacity to to be comparable to what we have today. as you can see, the rates of numbers of people testing positive for covid in the uk is continuing to fall. but this is flattening off to some extent over the last week. and this is expected. at this point of the curve in terms of it is going down, but more slowly. and we have always expected there to be some upward pressure as people went back to school and some unlocking happened. next slide, please. fortunately the number of people in hospital with covid and this shows data right back to april of last year, has come right down. and is continuing to fall through a combination of everyone's efforts on the lockdown, which is driving the reduction in cases, and the vaccine roll out which is particularly accelerating this in people who are, the older age groups and those with preexisting health conditions. and if we look at the number of deaths registered weekly in the uk, and these are the official deaths registered, again going back to this time last year, you can see the very rapid spike up that we had this time, from this time last year. then really right down to normal rates, or close to normal rates, over the summer. then the first part of the second wave and when we got the new variant, the second part of the second wave, that is now, due to a combination of the work on lockdown and vaccines, these are falling and falling rapidly. they're falling more rapidly than the rate of decline of the number of cases. next slide. i think as we are at this point, this anniversary of when lockdown started, i wanted to show one additional slide to put this in context. some people, sometimes say, well, did this make, how much of a difference did this make to mortality. what you have is the dotted line show it is average number of deaths, the five—year average and you can see clearly the very substantial spike we had in mortality at the first wave, a lower one in the first bit of the second wave and when the new variant started, a second substantial spike on top of the background of people dying naturally. the 0ns data that came out this morning said that there had been over all since the beginning of the epidemic in the uk 147,179 people, that is the most recent data, who have died from covid. more will do so, but we are now on the down ward slope. and then they looked at the excess deaths, they looked at the excess deaths, the number who died in addition to the number who died in addition to the number who would have died normally it was 111,641 and everyone will mourn each of those deaths. next slide, please. the rates of mortality are now falling. and that is due to a combination of lockdown and this is the other thing which the prime minister talked about, the increase now in the number of people who are vaccinated. we have a situation where the great majority of people over 65 have now had their first vaccine and some people in the oldest groups are now receiving their second vaccine or people who are front line health care workers. so the vaccine programme continues to be very important for making sure that, as new surges happen, which they are likely to, they will meet a wall of vaccinated people which will help to significantly reduce the ratio of people who catch the disease to the number who die from it. thank you. disease to the number who die from it- thank yon-— it. thank you. patrick, anything to add? sheila _ it. thank you. patrick, anything to add? sheila from _ it. thank you. patrick, anything to add? sheila from edinburgh? - it. thank you. patrick, anything to add? sheila from edinburgh? how it. thank you. patrick, anything to i add? sheila from edinburgh? how is the government _ add? sheila from edinburgh? how is the government planning _ add? sheila from edinburgh? how is the government planning to - add? sheila from edinburgh? how is the government planning to stop - add? sheila from edinburgh? how is| the government planning to stop the spread _ the government planning to stop the spread of— the government planning to stop the spread of the — the government planning to stop the spread of the third _ the government planning to stop the spread of the third wave _ the government planning to stop the spread of the third wave from - the government planning to stop the| spread of the third wave from europe into the _ spread of the third wave from europe into the uk? — spread of the third wave from europe into the uk? are— spread of the third wave from europe into the uk? are there _ spread of the third wave from europe into the uk? are there plans- spread of the third wave from europe into the uk? are there plans for- into the uk? are there plans for lateral-flow— into the uk? are there plans for lateral—flow test— into the uk? are there plans for lateral—flow test for— into the uk? are there plans for lateral—flow test for lorry - into the uk? are there plans for| lateral—flow test for lorry drivers and what — lateral—flow test for lorry drivers and what about _ lateral—flow test for lorry drivers and what about quarantine - lateral—flow test for lorry drivers and what about quarantine for. and what about quarantine for everybody _ and what about quarantine for everybody else _ and what about quarantine for everybody else coming - and what about quarantine for everybody else coming to - and what about quarantine for everybody else coming to the | and what about quarantine for. everybody else coming to the uk and what about quarantine for- everybody else coming to the uk from anywhere _ everybody else coming to the uk from anywhere abroad? _ everybody else coming to the uk from anywhere abroad?— anywhere abroad? well, sheila, thank ou, es, anywhere abroad? well, sheila, thank you. yes. indeed _ anywhere abroad? well, sheila, thank you, yes, indeed we _ anywhere abroad? well, sheila, thank you, yes, indeed we must _ anywhere abroad? well, sheila, thank you, yes, indeed we must be - anywhere abroad? well, sheila, thank you, yes, indeed we must be wary - anywhere abroad? well, sheila, thank you, yes, indeed we must be wary of. you, yes, indeed we must be wary of the potential for a third wave. as chris has just said, the potential for a third wave. as chris hasjust said, sadly the potential for a third wave. as chris has just said, sadly our, the potential for a third wave. as chris hasjust said, sadly our, we are seeing on the european continent, we are seeing signs of a third wave and they're taking steps to abate that, to deal with that. and we in the uk have very tough measures at our borders already, including tests for anybody who comes here. you get fined if you fail to fill in a form. when you get home, you have to get a test on day two, as well as day eight and you can be heavily fined if you fail to comply and quarantine at home. as for people coming from the 35 red list countries, there are indeed, sheila, there are measures to take them from their point of arrival to hotel quarantine, where they stay for ten days and have to do two tests. but as for your point about lorry drivers and hotel quarantine for everybody, we keep, i want to be clear with the public, we keep all these measures under review in so far as it is necessary to take extra measures to protect the country against new variants of concern, of course we are going to do that. i think we will go on to tim from northampton. tim asks it has been reported study have found antibodies only last a few months, so will groups vaccinated first will need to be prioritised before young people have had their first. be prioritised before young people have had theirfirst. that be prioritised before young people have had their first. that is probably a question for clinicians and scientists rather than for me. i will go to chris first. patrick? if will go to chris first. patrick? if you look at the antibody response to natural _ you look at the antibody response to natural infection, you see really them _ natural infection, you see really them lasting well after six months. we don't _ them lasting well after six months. we don't know a long time beyond that _ we don't know a long time beyond that and — we don't know a long time beyond that and i— we don't know a long time beyond that. and i think the expectation is that. and i think the expectation is that antibodies to vaccines will also last— that antibodies to vaccines will also last for a reasonable period. we don't — also last for a reasonable period. we don't know exactly how long, so you may— we don't know exactly how long, so you may see — we don't know exactly how long, so you may see some slight decline. on the whole _ you may see some slight decline. on the whole the antibody levels are holding _ the whole the antibody levels are holding up. the second thing is the response _ holding up. the second thing is the response to a vaccine is only part the antibody response, there are other— the antibody response, there are other parts of immune system that are an _ other parts of immune system that are an important part of the overall response — are an important part of the overall response i— are an important part of the overall response. i don't think there is any response. idon't think there is any indication— response. i don't think there is any indication yet that vaccine effects are waiving. that said there will be are waiving. that said there will be a need _ are waiving. that said there will be a need to— are waiving. that said there will be a need to think about boosterjabs in the _ a need to think about boosterjabs in the autumn, particularly thinking about— in the autumn, particularly thinking about high— in the autumn, particularly thinking about high level of immunity to cover— about high level of immunity to cover things over the winter. i cover things over the winter. think the cover things over the winter. i think the additional thing is the second reason for a second vaccine is if we got a variant that had a relative escape from our current vaccines. that would be another reason to do revaccination. thank ou. reason to do revaccination. thank you- laura _ reason to do revaccination. thank you. laura keunssberg? - reason to do revaccination. thank you. laura keunssberg? the - reason to do revaccination. thank. you. laura keunssberg? the country has been through _ you. laura keunssberg? the country has been through so _ you. laura keunssberg? the country has been through so much _ you. laura keunssberg? the country has been through so much in - you. laura keunssberg? the country has been through so much in the - you. laura keunssberg? the country| has been through so much in the last 12 months— has been through so much in the last 12 months and — has been through so much in the last 12 months and so _ has been through so much in the last 12 months and so many— has been through so much in the last 12 months and so many people - has been through so much in the last 12 months and so many people are i 12 months and so many people are grappling — 12 months and so many people are grappling with _ 12 months and so many people are grappling with everything - 12 months and so many people are grappling with everything that - grappling with everything that happened. _ grappling with everything that happened. can— grappling with everything that happened. can i _ grappling with everything that happened, can i ask— grappling with everything that happened, can i ask if- grappling with everything that happened, can i ask if there l grappling with everything that| happened, can i ask if there is grappling with everything that. happened, can i ask if there is up with thing — happened, can i ask if there is up with thing you _ happened, can i ask if there is up with thing you wish _ happened, can i ask if there is up with thing you wish you _ happened, can i ask if there is up with thing you wish you had - happened, can i ask if there is up with thing you wish you had done| with thing you wish you had done differently — with thing you wish you had done differently in _ with thing you wish you had done differently in the _ with thing you wish you had done differently in the last _ with thing you wish you had done differently in the last year, - with thing you wish you had done differently in the last year, whatl differently in the last year, what would _ differently in the last year, what would it — differently in the last year, what would it be? _ differently in the last year, what would it be?— differently in the last year, what would it be? well, i had a feeling ou were would it be? well, i had a feeling you were going — would it be? well, i had a feeling you were going to _ would it be? well, i had a feeling you were going to ask— would it be? well, i had a feeling you were going to ask something | would it be? well, i had a feeling - you were going to ask something like that, laura and you're right, in retrospect there are probably many things that we wished that we'd known and many things we wished we had done differently at the time in retrospect, because we were fighting a novel disease under very different circumstances than any previous government had imagined. i think the point i have made before the single biggest thing that we... false assumption that we made was about the potential for asymptomatic transmission that did govern a lot of policy in the early days, or that misunderstanding led to certainly real problems that we then... really had to work very hard to make up ground. but you know we have been learning the whole time and we are continuing to learn. ijust wish we i just wish we knew then what we know now. we have learned an awful lot about this virus, how it transmits, about a symptomatic transmission, about how it spreads in different environments, how to treat it. a whole host of things that would have been nice to know them. the one thing that would have been important early on is to have much better data on what was happening, and that would have required testing to be up and ready immediately, and it would have required the ability to get that information into a sauce and be able to monitor the epidemic really well, as we can now, and we simply didn't have that at the beginning, and it was very difficult to know the speed at which things were moving and therefore make decisions based on therefore make decisions based on the real—time data, which we can do now, that would have made a big difference. i now, that would have made a big difference-— now, that would have made a big difference. .., , , ., difference. i completely agree with both of those. _ difference. i completely agree with both of those, but _ difference. i completely agree with both of those, but i _ difference. i completely agree with both of those, but i would - difference. i completely agree with both of those, but i would add - difference. i completely agree with both of those, but i would add that our understanding of not only the speed _ our understanding of not only the speed of— our understanding of not only the speed of things in the uk was based on the _ speed of things in the uk was based on the fact— speed of things in the uk was based on the fact that we didn't have sufficient _ on the fact that we didn't have sufficient data, and it wasn't until people _ sufficient data, and it wasn't until people started going into hospital and started dying that we had a better— and started dying that we had a better fix — and started dying that we had a better fix on how fast things were moving, _ better fix on how fast things were moving, so— better fix on how fast things were moving, so that was very important, but at _ moving, so that was very important, but at an— moving, so that was very important, but at an earlier stage we had a much _ but at an earlier stage we had a much less— but at an earlier stage we had a much less of an understanding about how widespread the virus was in europe, — how widespread the virus was in europe, for— how widespread the virus was in europe, for exactly the same reason, because _ europe, for exactly the same reason, because of— europe, for exactly the same reason, because of the lack of testing in europe — because of the lack of testing in europe as — because of the lack of testing in europe as well as the uk, so in retrospect— europe as well as the uk, so in retrospect we now know the amounts of importation from spain, france and italy. — of importation from spain, france and italy, but at the time we didn't have that _ and italy, but at the time we didn't have that information, and that would _ have that information, and that would almost certainly have led to slightly— would almost certainly have led to slightly different approaches to how we did _ slightly different approaches to how we did things. slightly different approaches to how we did things— slightly different approaches to how we did things. thanks, laura. danny hewitt, itv- — we did things. thanks, laura. danny hewitt, m we _ we did things. thanks, laura. danny hewitt, itv. we talked _ we did things. thanks, laura. danny hewitt, itv. we talked there - we did things. thanks, laura. danny hewitt, itv. we talked there about. hewitt, itv. we talked there about learnin: hewitt, itv. we talked there about learning lessons. _ hewitt, itv. we talked there about learning lessons. reflecting - hewitt, itv. we talked there about learning lessons. reflecting today, do you _ learning lessons. reflecting today, do you wish — learning lessons. reflecting today, do you wish you _ learning lessons. reflecting today, do you wish you had _ learning lessons. reflecting today, do you wish you had locked - learning lessons. reflecting today, do you wish you had locked down l learning lessons. reflecting today, l do you wish you had locked down the country— do you wish you had locked down the country much — do you wish you had locked down the country much sooner— do you wish you had locked down the country much sooner both _ do you wish you had locked down the country much sooner both in - do you wish you had locked down the country much sooner both in the - country much sooner both in the spring _ country much sooner both in the spring last — country much sooner both in the spring last year _ country much sooner both in the spring last year and _ country much sooner both in the spring last year and then - country much sooner both in the spring last year and then again i country much sooner both in the i spring last year and then again in the autumn? _ spring last year and then again in the autumn? and _ spring last year and then again in the autumn? and a _ spring last year and then again in the autumn? and a second, - spring last year and then again in the autumn? and a second, if. spring last year and then again in the autumn? and a second, if i. spring last year and then again in - the autumn? and a second, if i may, yesterday— the autumn? and a second, if i may, yesterday itv— the autumn? and a second, if i may, yesterday itv news _ the autumn? and a second, if i may, yesterday itv news uncovered - yesterday itv news uncovered shocking — yesterday itv news uncovered shocking housing _ yesterday itv news uncovered shocking housing conditions. yesterday itv news uncovered j shocking housing conditions in croydon. — shocking housing conditions in croydon, which— shocking housing conditions in croydon, which experts - shocking housing conditions in croydon, which experts say. shocking housing conditions in- croydon, which experts say otherwise they have _ croydon, which experts say otherwise they have ever— croydon, which experts say otherwise they have ever seen, _ croydon, which experts say otherwise they have ever seen, but— croydon, which experts say otherwise they have ever seen, but we - croydon, which experts say otherwise they have ever seen, but we know - they have ever seen, but we know 'ust they have ever seen, but we know just under— they have ever seen, but we know just under 500,000 _ they have ever seen, but we know just under 500,000 people - they have ever seen, but we know just under 500,000 people in- they have ever seen, but we know - just under 500,000 people in england are living _ just under 500,000 people in england are living in _ just under 500,000 people in england are living in substandard _ just under 500,000 people in england are living in substandard social- are living in substandard social housing, — are living in substandard social housing, what— are living in substandard social housing, what have _ are living in substandard social housing, what have you - are living in substandard social housing, what have you done i are living in substandard social. housing, what have you done as are living in substandard social- housing, what have you done as prime minister— housing, what have you done as prime minister to— housing, what have you done as prime minister to help — housing, what have you done as prime minister to help them? _ housing, what have you done as prime minister to help them? well, - housing, what have you done as prime minister to help them?— minister to help them? well, first of all, on minister to help them? well, first of all. on your— minister to help them? well, first of all, on your question _ minister to help them? well, first of all, on your question about - minister to help them? well, first of all, on your question about the | of all, on your question about the timing of the decisions that we took, these are very hard decisions, and there are no good outcomes either way, as i think all our viewers understand. all these consequences are very, very tough for people, and all i can say is we took all the decisions with the interests of the british people foremost in our hearts, and in an effort to protect the public and to prevent death and suffering, that is what we were trying to do at all stages, though doubtless there will be a moment to properly review, to learn lessons, and to make sure that we learn those lessons for future pandemics of a kind that i'm sure that there will be. on croydon, which i believe is currently controlled by the labour party, i remember when i was mayor of croydon and everywhere else in london, building huge quantities of social housing and encouraging development of all kinds in croydon, and i greatly regret the story and the fact that you have uncovered just now. what we have got to do as a country is work together to build back better from the pandemic, country is work together to build back betterfrom the pandemic, and particularly to give the opportunity to people notjust to rent their home, their social home, perhaps the biggest single thing we have done is increase the local housing allowance right the way up the local rental average, so we put much more money into the pockets of those who need to rent locally, to support those on the lowest incomes, that is one of the lowest incomes, that is one of the most important thing is we have done to support social housing. but in the end, you've got to build more homes, and that is the ambition of this government, we want to build 300,000 homes per year, and if you look at our planning reforms, everything that we are doing to drive that followed, that is what we can do. croydon, as it happens, offers fantastic opportunities for more development, as i'm sure you know, and as i well remember, and it would be a great thing if the current mayor of london, without putting too fine a point on it, dan, addressed the issue himself, and thatis addressed the issue himself, and that is what i would like to see. let's go to beth rigby of sky news. thank you, prime minister. finally, after— thank you, prime minister. finally, after a _ thank you, prime minister. finally, after a very— thank you, prime minister. finally, after a very long _ thank you, prime minister. finally, after a very long and _ thank you, prime minister. finally, after a very long and hard - thank you, prime minister. finally, after a very long and hard year, - thank you, prime minister. finally, j after a very long and hard year, the end is— after a very long and hard year, the end is now— after a very long and hard year, the end is now in — after a very long and hard year, the end is now in sight, _ after a very long and hard year, the end is now in sight, but _ after a very long and hard year, the end is now in sight, but no—one - after a very long and hard year, the end is now in sight, but no—one can doubt _ end is now in sight, but no—one can doubt the _ end is now in sight, but no—one can doubt the huge _ end is now in sight, but no—one can doubt the huge scar— end is now in sight, but no—one can doubt the huge scar covid - end is now in sight, but no—one can doubt the huge scar covid is- end is now in sight, but no—one can doubt the huge scar covid is going. doubt the huge scar covid is going to leave _ doubt the huge scar covid is going to leave on — doubt the huge scar covid is going to leave on our _ doubt the huge scar covid is going to leave on our economy, - doubt the huge scar covid is going to leave on our economy, and - doubt the huge scar covid is going . to leave on our economy, and public health. _ to leave on our economy, and public health. and — to leave on our economy, and public health. and on— to leave on our economy, and public health, and on the _ to leave on our economy, and public health, and on the lives— to leave on our economy, and public health, and on the lives of— to leave on our economy, and public health, and on the lives of all- to leave on our economy, and public health, and on the lives of all of- health, and on the lives of all of our children _ health, and on the lives of all of our children. and _ health, and on the lives of all of our children. and to _ health, and on the lives of all of our children. and to each - health, and on the lives of all of our children. and to each of- health, and on the lives of all ofi our children. and to each of you, what _ our children. and to each of you, what do — our children. and to each of you, what do you _ our children. and to each of you, what do you think _ our children. and to each of you, what do you think the _ our children. and to each of you, what do you think the main - our children. and to each of you, i what do you think the main social, health— what do you think the main social, health and — what do you think the main social, health and economic _ what do you think the main social, health and economic challenges i what do you think the main social, i health and economic challenges will be, and _ health and economic challenges will be, and will— health and economic challenges will be, and will we _ health and economic challenges will be, and will we be _ health and economic challenges will be, and will we be grappling - health and economic challenges will be, and will we be grappling with. be, and will we be grappling with the legacy— be, and will we be grappling with the legacy of— be, and will we be grappling with the legacy of covid _ be, and will we be grappling with the legacy of covid and _ be, and will we be grappling with the legacy of covid and the - be, and will we be grappling with the legacy of covid and the past. the legacy of covid and the past year for— the legacy of covid and the past year for the _ the legacy of covid and the past year for the rest _ the legacy of covid and the past year for the rest of _ the legacy of covid and the past year for the rest of our- the legacy of covid and the past year for the rest of our lives? . year for the rest of our lives? thank— year for the rest of our lives? thank you _ year for the rest of our lives? thank yon-— year for the rest of our lives? thank ou. �* . ., , ~ thank you. beth, i certainly think that this is _ thank you. beth, i certainly think that this is something _ thank you. beth, i certainly think that this is something that - thank you. beth, i certainly think that this is something that we - thank you. beth, i certainly think| that this is something that we will all remember and be dealing with in different ways for probably as long as i live, it has been an extraordinary moment in our history, a deeply difficult and distressing period. if i look at the problem is that we face at the moment, in addition to the continuing health threat that we face, i mean, you know, we must be realistic, there is another wave building on the european continent, amongst our friends. we will see that wash onto our shores, friends. we will see that wash onto ourshores, i've friends. we will see that wash onto our shores, i've no doubt. the extent to which it affects us will depend, as chris was in, on the strength of the fortifications we have now built against it by the vaccine programme. that is one problem we have still got to deal with. but the legacy issue, for me, leaving aside the others, is education, and it is the loss of learning for so many children and young people, that is the thing we have got to focus on now as a society. and that, i think, have got to focus on now as a society. and that, ithink, is have got to focus on now as a society. and that, i think, is an opportunity to make amends, because, you know, there is going to be this year a group you know, there is going to be this yeara group of you know, there is going to be this year a group of kids going from primary to secondary school, perhaps 90,000 it is calculated, who will be behind in their basic literacy, unable properly to read and write, as a result of covid. between three and five months of education has been lost, and of course the detriment falls the hardest on the kids who have needed attention the most, and who have been unable to be provided properly with the time and the support that they need. so that is why we have been working so hard as a government to make up that gap, with everything that we have done through the holiday support, through investment in the catch—up funds, the 1.7 billion that we put in, everything we have done to roll out laptops across as many kids as we could. and that is why, in addition to the work that gavin williamson is doing, sir kevan collins is the education recovery commission who is leading that work of recovery, and what he and his team will be focusing on is notjust remediating the damage, repairing the damage, plugging the gaps, but i think there is a chance to learn from the pandemic and all the ways in which, actually, some teachers and some schools have done brilliantly at discovering how you can teach through zoom, discovering ways in which we can actually teach better in some ways through the technology that we have been using, but also maximising our use of tutoring as well, so that kids who have fallen behind — and kids with potential — get one—to—one tutoring, where we think that can make a difference. and i'm not going to pretend that everything is going to work first time and, you know, we've been through a long period where we have got used to things not working first time, but we are going to persevere, and i think we will start to make a big impact on those kids' lives. it has been an absolutely unimaginable yearfor has been an absolutely unimaginable year for schoolchildren, for university students, for everybody in education. they have put up with incredible provisions in order to help us, the whole country, get through. and ourfuture as help us, the whole country, get through. and our future as a help us, the whole country, get through. and ourfuture as a country depends on us now repaying that generation, making sure they get the education they need. so that, for me, is the biggest priority. i mean, “ust me, is the biggest priority. i mean, just narrowly _ me, is the biggest priority. i mean, just narrowly on _ me, is the biggest priority. i mean, just narrowly on the _ me, is the biggest priority. i mean, just narrowly on the health - me, is the biggest priority. i mean, just narrowly on the health side, i just narrowly on the health side, covid itself, i anticipate that being with us for the foreseeable future. we will have to deal with it in some form or another. science has extraordinarily responded to this. if you think where we were a year ago, vaccines, diagnostics, drugs, we will be able to bring it down to manageable levels, but it is not going away, will have covid for the indefinite future. the second thing is health issues from covid, we have said this right from the beginning, we were concerned about this right from the beginning collectively, is that the impact on other aspects of the health service will have some delayed effect. there will be people, for example, who had probably delayed having screening, and i would really encourage people to take that up, for example cervical and breast cancer, where there is a risk of people having a delayed diagnosis. the same will be true for those who have not gone for routine or elective care, that is a medium—term issue but it could potentially be significant if we are not alive to it. the third one, which again we recognised fully from the beginning, one of the things which is made so many decisions difficult, is much of what has happened in lockdown has the risk of meeting people who were on borderline deprivation in more difficult economic and other circumstances, and we all know that has a massive impact on long—term health implications. so that could have really quite a long term implication, again, if we don't take it seriously. the final point i would make is that covid has shone a light into areas of health care that the people who are being affected by covid now at the same families and places, these same people affected by so many other diseases, and i think we need to look at this very seriously. the same people will be suffering from the diseases of the smoking and other diseases of deprivation and so on, we really have to take this very seriously as a country, as a community. clearly, toda is a a country, as a community. clearly, today is a day _ a country, as a community. clearly, today is a day to — a country, as a community. clearly, today is a day to think— a country, as a community. clearly, today is a day to think about - a country, as a community. clearly, today is a day to think about the - today is a day to think about the people _ today is a day to think about the people who have died this year as a result— people who have died this year as a result of— people who have died this year as a result of this terrible virus, but also _ result of this terrible virus, but also the — result of this terrible virus, but also the people who have suffered both physical and mental health, and all of the _ both physical and mental health, and all of the consequences that come with that, — all of the consequences that come with that, and the societal effects. and in— with that, and the societal effects. and in september, i asked the british— and in september, i asked the british academy to get their academics together to try and address— academics together to try and address the question of what might of the _ address the question of what might of the societal, long—term societal impact _ of the societal, long—term societal impact of— of the societal, long—term societal impact of covid be, and they have -ot impact of covid be, and they have got 200 _ impact of covid be, and they have got 200 the brightest and best of the fellows of the british academy, and a _ the fellows of the british academy, and a report was published today trying _ and a report was published today trying to— and a report was published today trying to give an evidence base for what _ trying to give an evidence base for what that— trying to give an evidence base for what that might look like. and there are a number of things in there, ranging— are a number of things in there, ranging from the topics covered, education. — ranging from the topics covered, education, inequality, health, that are highlighted and have profound implications for how policy might evolve, _ implications for how policy might evolve, but what is important is that there — evolve, but what is important is that there is an evidence base now to work— that there is an evidence base now to work on. — that there is an evidence base now to work on, and that report, i think. — to work on, and that report, i think. will— to work on, and that report, i think, will be useful for policymakers going forward. think, will be usefulfor policymakers going forward. thank ou, policymakers going forward. thank you. thanks, _ policymakers going forward. thank you, thanks, both, _ policymakers going forward. thank you, thanks, both, and _ policymakers going forward. thank you, thanks, both, and beth - policymakers going forward. triage; you, thanks, both, and beth rigby. ben riley—smith, telegraaf. i you, thanks, both, and beth rigby. ben riley-smith, telegraaf.- you, thanks, both, and beth rigby. ben riley-smith, telegraaf. i have a auestion ben riley-smith, telegraaf. i have a question that — ben riley-smith, telegraaf. i have a question that picks _ ben riley-smith, telegraaf. i have a question that picks up _ ben riley-smith, telegraaf. i have a question that picks up on _ ben riley-smith, telegraaf. i have a question that picks up on chris - question that picks up on chris whitty's — question that picks up on chris whitty's comments, _ question that picks up on chris whitty's comments, one - question that picks up on chris whitty's comments, one year. question that picks up on chris i whitty's comments, one year into question that picks up on chris - whitty's comments, one year into the pandemic, _ whitty's comments, one year into the pandemic, should _ whitty's comments, one year into the pandemic, should the _ whitty's comments, one year into the pandemic, should the uk _ whitty's comments, one year into the j pandemic, should the uk government policy— pandemic, should the uk government policy be _ pandemic, should the uk government policy be to— pandemic, should the uk government policy be to eradicate _ pandemic, should the uk government policy be to eradicate covid, - pandemic, should the uk government policy be to eradicate covid, bring - policy be to eradicate covid, bring down _ policy be to eradicate covid, bring down cases— policy be to eradicate covid, bring down cases to _ policy be to eradicate covid, bring down cases to the _ policy be to eradicate covid, bring down cases to the lowest - policy be to eradicate covid, bringj down cases to the lowest possible levels? _ down cases to the lowest possible levels? ~ �* ~ , levels? well, ben, i think it is the second in the _ levels? well, ben, i think it is the second in the sense _ levels? well, ben, i think it is the second in the sense that - levels? well, ben, i think it is the second in the sense that i - levels? well, ben, i think it is the second in the sense that i am - levels? well, ben, i think it is the second in the sense that i am not| second in the sense that i am not sure, listening to the scientist intently as i have for many months, i am not sure that eradication makes sense in a globalised economy for one country alone. one country plainly, sense in a globalised economy for one country plainly, as an objective for humanity, we should aim for it, but that is my view, but i will hunt to chris and patrick on that. i regret to say that i think the chances _ regret to say that i think the chances of eradicating this disease, getting _ chances of eradicating this disease, getting rid — chances of eradicating this disease, getting rid of it absolutely everywhere, are as close to zero as makes _ everywhere, are as close to zero as makes no _ everywhere, are as close to zero as makes no difference. we have only achieved _ makes no difference. we have only achieved the eradication of one disease, — achieved the eradication of one disease, smallpox, with a phenomenal vaccine _ disease, smallpox, with a phenomenal vaccine over— disease, smallpox, with a phenomenal vaccine over a very long period of time _ vaccine over a very long period of time and — vaccine over a very long period of time. and others have come close, but it— time. and others have come close, but it is— time. and others have come close, but it is very— time. and others have come close, but it is very difficult for us to in terms _ but it is very difficult for us to in terms of— but it is very difficult for us to in terms of eliminating from the uk, this is— in terms of eliminating from the uk, this is a _ in terms of eliminating from the uk, this is a disease which has mild symptoms— this is a disease which has mild symptoms in most people, or sometimes no symptoms, and it is very difficult to find. we have very good _ very difficult to find. we have very good vaccines, but they are not 100% effective _ good vaccines, but they are not 100% effective. we have good tests, but not everybody who needs testing is tested, _ not everybody who needs testing is tested, and we would strongly encourage people to do that. that should be our aim and to get cases— that should be our aim and to get cases of— that should be our aim and to get cases of people who die and have severe _ cases of people who die and have severe disease as close to zero as we can _ severe disease as close to zero as we can if— severe disease as close to zero as we can. if we could go further, who would _ we can. if we could go further, who would say— we can. if we could go further, who would say no? if you talk to people who understands how diseases work, no one _ who understands how diseases work, no one thinks eradicating for any lon- no one thinks eradicating for any long period of time is a realistic prospect— long period of time is a realistic prospect at this point in time. | prospect at this point in time. agree. i prospect at this point in time. i agree. i think get numbers as low as we can, don't expect this will disappear, expect that there will be recurrences of infections, particularly in winter and it will become a circulating virus as others have done over thousands of years. the chances of eradication, true eradication are in themselves very close to zero as chris has said. thank you, ben. the metro? thank you prime minister. _ thank you, ben. the metro? thank you prime minister. when _ thank you, ben. the metro? thank you prime minister. when the _ thank you, ben. the metro? thank you prime minister. when the time - thank you, ben. the metro? thank you prime minister. when the time comes. prime minister. when the time comes as you _ prime minister. when the time comes as you put _ prime minister. when the time comes as you put it— prime minister. when the time comes as you put it to — prime minister. when the time comes as you put it to describe _ prime minister. when the time comes as you put it to describe this - as you put it to describe this period — as you put it to describe this period to _ as you put it to describe this period to future _ as you put it to describe thisi period to future generations, as you put it to describe this - period to future generations, how will we _ period to future generations, how will we explain _ period to future generations, how will we explain how— period to future generations, how will we explain how britain- period to future generations, how. will we explain how britain suffered the biggest — will we explain how britain suffered the biggest death _ will we explain how britain suffered the biggest death toll _ will we explain how britain suffered the biggest death toll and - will we explain how britain suffered the biggest death toll and people . the biggest death toll and people who own — the biggest death toll and people who own holiday— the biggest death toll and people who own holiday homes - the biggest death toll and peoplel who own holiday homes overseas, the biggest death toll and people - who own holiday homes overseas, such as your _ who own holiday homes overseas, such as your father— who own holiday homes overseas, such as your father will— who own holiday homes overseas, such as your father will be _ who own holiday homes overseas, such as your father will be exempted - who own holiday homes overseas, such as your father will be exempted from . as your father will be exempted from the travel— as your father will be exempted from the travel ban — as your father will be exempted from the travel ban affecting _ as your father will be exempted from the travel ban affecting everyone - the travel ban affecting everyone else _ the travel ban affecting everyone else would _ the travel ban affecting everyone else. would you _ the travel ban affecting everyone else. would you advise - the travel ban affecting everyone else. would you advise people i the travel ban affecting everyonej else. would you advise people to the travel ban affecting everyone - else. would you advise people to buy a home _ else. would you advise people to buy a home abroad — else. would you advise people to buy a home abroad if— else. would you advise people to buy a home abroad if they— else. would you advise people to buy a home abroad if they want _ else. would you advise people to buy a home abroad if they want a - else. would you advise people to buy a home abroad if they want a holiday| a home abroad if they want a holiday this year? _ a home abroad if they want a holiday this year? and — a home abroad if they want a holiday this year? and for— a home abroad if they want a holiday this year? and for the _ a home abroad if they want a holiday this year? and for the scientists, - this year? and for the scientists, are the _ this year? and for the scientists, are the new— this year? and for the scientists, are the new variants _ this year? and for the scientists, are the new variants enough - this year? and for the scientists, are the new variants enough to l are the new variants enough to explain — are the new variants enough to explain why— are the new variants enough to explain why the _ are the new variants enough to explain why the second - are the new variants enough to explain why the second wave . are the new variants enough to - explain why the second wave killed more _ explain why the second wave killed more people — explain why the second wave killed more people than— explain why the second wave killed more people than the _ explain why the second wave killed more people than the first? - explain why the second wave killed more people than the first? dominic, on our more people than the first? dominic, on your over — more people than the first? dominic, on your over all _ more people than the first? dominic, on your over all question _ more people than the first? dominic, on your over all question about - more people than the first? dominic, on your over all question about you i on your over all question about you know your sort of league table question, you know, ithinki know your sort of league table question, you know, i think i will respectfully go back to the answer that you will have heard from this podium many times, which is that the... the pandemic is alas tragically is not over yet across the world. we mourn the loss of every life that has been lost in this country and we are going to continue to protect even to the best of our ability. but you know this is is not over and international comparisons are premature at this stage. 0n comparisons are premature at this stage. on your second point, comparisons are premature at this stage. 0n yoursecond point, really about global... travel. and holidays. a lot of people do want to know about what is going to happen on the holiday front. and i... i know there is a great deal of curiosity and interest, all i can say it is just too early to say. and so my advice is to everybody to wait for the global travel taskforce to report. we have heard already that there are other european countries where the disease is rising. but we will be able to say more, we hope, in a few days' time. i hope to be saying some more by april 5th and thatis saying some more by april 5th and that is the best you can hope for there. in that is the best you can hope for there. , ., , ., ,, there. in termles of question you asked, patrick _ there. in termles of question you asked, patrick may _ there. in termles of question you asked, patrick may want - there. in termles of question you asked, patrick may want to - there. in termles of question you asked, patrick may want to add l there. in termles of question you | asked, patrick may want to add to this, it is difficult to be confident what happened, we are confident what happened, we are confident the majority of people who died in the second half of the second wave were from the new variant. that has taken over in the uk and that is now the variant. that is what has driven a lot of these. working out what would have happened had the new variant not arrived is difficult to do. everyone who claims they can with confidence is misunderstanding the problem. the height of the peak would have been lower had that new much more transmissible and probably more fatal, but that is more questionable, but the transmissibility i don't think is questionable, had that not arrived the second of the second wave would have been different. when you see what is happening in europe, is the effects of the arrival of b117 variant is causing problems. i share the prime minister's caution about trying to do international comparisons, although i will make a point if you're going to do it it is probably to best to concentrate on excess, because that is easier to compare. but that is a minor technical point. the general point is we had bad outcome, many other countries did. we want to learn lessons from the past.— countries did. we want to learn lessons from the past. nothing to add. lessons from the past. nothing to add- thank _ lessons from the past. nothing to add. thank you. _ lessons from the past. nothing to add. thank you. next _ lessons from the past. nothing to add. thank you. next question. . lessons from the past. nothing to - add. thank you. next question. thank ou prime add. thank you. next question. thank you prime minister, _ add. thank you. next question. thank you prime minister, i— add. thank you. next question. thank you prime minister, i have _ add. thank you. next question. thank you prime minister, i have a - add. thank you. next question. thank you prime minister, i have a couple i you prime minister, i have a couple of related _ you prime minister, i have a couple of related questions _ you prime minister, i have a couple of related questions for— you prime minister, i have a couple of related questions for you - you prime minister, i have a couple of related questions for you and - you prime minister, i have a couplel of related questions for you and one for the _ of related questions for you and one for the vine — of related questions for you and one for the vine tiss. _ of related questions for you and one for the vine tiss. —— _ of related questions for you and one for the vine tiss. —— scientists. - for the vine tiss. —— scientists. the _ for the vine tiss. —— scientists. the eu — for the vine tiss. —— scientists. the eu want— for the vine tiss. —— scientists. the eu want us— for the vine tiss. —— scientists. the eu want us to _ for the vine tiss. —— scientists. the eu want us to share - for the vine tiss. —— scientists. the eu want us to share our. for the vine tiss. —— scientists. . the eu want us to share our order for the vine tiss. —— scientists. - the eu want us to share our order of vaccines— the eu want us to share our order of vaccines from — the eu want us to share our order of vaccines from a _ the eu want us to share our order of vaccines from a plant _ the eu want us to share our order of vaccines from a plant in _ the eu want us to share our order of vaccines from a plant in netherlandsj vaccines from a plant in netherlands and it— vaccines from a plant in netherlands and it has— vaccines from a plant in netherlands and it has been— vaccines from a plant in netherlands and it has been making _ vaccines from a plant in netherlands and it has been making threats- vaccines from a plant in netherlands and it has been making threats to i and it has been making threats to impose _ and it has been making threats to impose a — and it has been making threats to impose a ban— and it has been making threats to impose a ban on— and it has been making threats to impose a ban on the _ and it has been making threats to impose a ban on the jabs - and it has been making threats to impose a ban on the jabs coming i and it has been making threats to i impose a ban on the jabs coming to britain _ impose a ban on the jabs coming to britain if— impose a ban on the jabs coming to britain if we — impose a ban on the jabs coming to britain if we refuse _ impose a ban on the jabs coming to britain if we refuse to _ impose a ban on the jabs coming to britain if we refuse to share. - impose a ban on the jabs coming to britain if we refuse to share. can. britain if we refuse to share. can you answer— britain if we refuse to share. can you answer yes _ britain if we refuse to share. can you answer yes or— britain if we refuse to share. can you answer yes or no _ britain if we refuse to share. can you answer yes or no whether i britain if we refuse to share. can| you answer yes or no whether we britain if we refuse to share. can- you answer yes or no whether we are going _ you answer yes or no whether we are going to _ you answer yes or no whether we are going to share — you answer yes or no whether we are going to share them, _ you answer yes or no whether we are going to share them, that _ you answer yes or no whether we are going to share them, that would i going to share them, that would prevent— going to share them, that would prevent the _ going to share them, that would prevent the third _ going to share them, that would prevent the third wave _ going to share them, that would prevent the third wave in - going to share them, that would prevent the third wave in the i going to share them, that would prevent the third wave in the eu j going to share them, that would i prevent the third wave in the eu and can we _ prevent the third wave in the eu and can we afford — prevent the third wave in the eu and can we afford to _ prevent the third wave in the eu and can we afford to share _ prevent the third wave in the eu and can we afford to share them? - prevent the third wave in the eu and can we afford to share them? if i prevent the third wave in the eu and can we afford to share them? if we i can we afford to share them? if we -ive can we afford to share them? if we give doses— can we afford to share them? if we give doses to — can we afford to share them? if we give doses to eu _ can we afford to share them? if we give doses to eu will— can we afford to share them? if we give doses to eu will we _ can we afford to share them? if we give doses to eu will we have i give doses to eu will we have enough? _ give doses to eu will we have enough? and _ give doses to eu will we have enough? and there _ give doses to eu will we have enough? and there are - give doses to eu will we have enough? and there are fearsl give doses to eu will we have. enough? and there are fears if give doses to eu will we have i enough? and there are fears if the eu does— enough? and there are fears if the eu does place _ enough? and there are fears if the eu does place an _ enough? and there are fears if the eu does place an export— enough? and there are fears if the eu does place an export van- enough? and there are fears if the eu does place an export van on. eu does place an export van on vaccines, — eu does place an export van on vaccines, we _ eu does place an export van on vaccines, we might _ eu does place an export van on vaccines, we might retailiate i eu does place an export van on. vaccines, we might retailiate and -et vaccines, we might retailiate and get into— vaccines, we might retailiate and get into a — vaccines, we might retailiate and get into a trade _ vaccines, we might retailiate and get into a trade wor. _ vaccines, we might retailiate and get into a trade wor. some - vaccines, we might retailiate and get into a trade wor. some of. vaccines, we might retailiate and| get into a trade wor. some of the fears— get into a trade wor. some of the fears come — get into a trade wor. some of the fears come from _ get into a trade wor. some of the fears come from pfizer _ get into a trade wor. some of the fears come from pfizer that i get into a trade wor. some of the i fears come from pfizer that warned if we stop _ fears come from pfizer that warned if we stop sending _ fears come from pfizer that warned if we stop sending components i fears come from pfizer that warned if we stop sending components to i fears come from pfizer that warned i if we stop sending components to the eu, their— if we stop sending components to the eu, their production— if we stop sending components to the eu, their production could _ if we stop sending components to the eu, their production could halt- if we stop sending components to the eu, their production could halt and i eu, their production could halt and that could — eu, their production could halt and that could harm _ eu, their production could halt and that could harm our— eu, their production could halt and that could harm our vaccine - that could harm our vaccine supplies~ _ that could harm our vaccine supplies. do— that could harm our vaccine supplies. do you _ that could harm our vaccine supplies. do you worry i that could harm our vaccine supplies. do you worry a i that could harm our vaccine i supplies. do you worry a trade that could harm our vaccine - supplies. do you worry a trade war could _ supplies. do you worry a trade war could put— supplies. do you worry a trade war could put the — supplies. do you worry a trade war could put the uk _ supplies. do you worry a trade war could put the uk roll— supplies. do you worry a trade war could put the uk roll out _ supplies. do you worry a trade war could put the uk roll out at - supplies. do you worry a trade war could put the uk roll out at risk. . could put the uk roll out at risk. let me — could put the uk roll out at risk. let me say— could put the uk roll out at risk. let me say first _ could put the uk roll out at risk. let me say first that _ could put the uk roll out at risk. let me say first that we - could put the uk roll out at risk. let me say first that we are i could put the uk roll out at risk. let me say first that we are all i let me say first that we are all fighting the same pandemic across the whole of the european continent andindeed the whole of the european continent and indeed around much of the world and indeed around much of the world and vaccines are an international operation, they're produced by collaboration between international scientists, it is fantastic to see how they have been developed and will continue to work with european partners to... to deliver the vaccine roll—out. all i can say is that we in this country don't believe in blockades of any kind of vaccines, or of vaccine material. not something that this country would dream of engaging in and i'm encouraged by some of the things i have heard from the continent in the same sense. the have heard from the continent in the same sense-— same sense. the only thing i would same sense. the only thing i would sa it is a same sense. the only thing i would say it is a miracle _ same sense. the only thing i would say it is a miracle we _ same sense. the only thing i would say it is a miracle we have - say it is a miracle we have vaccines, it has been an incredible effort by scientists from around the world. we have got companies academic groups and others who have discovered and produced vaccines around the world. and in a sense the clue is in the title of problem, thatis clue is in the title of problem, that is a pandemic, it affects every where. it is only going to be sorted out when everybody is sorted out and it needs an approach that takes an international approach to how we solve the problem of the virus. i will add to that, we are saying the same _ will add to that, we are saying the same thing, every vaccine we have available _ same thing, every vaccine we have available depends on science from multiple _ available depends on science from multiple countries for its origins and development and in almost all cases— and development and in almost all cases for— and development and in almost all cases for its manufacture and distribution. we must see it as an international problem. we talk to our counter parts in europe the whole — our counter parts in europe the whole time, scientists in the uk, all four— whole time, scientists in the uk, all four nations talk to their counter— all four nations talk to their counter parts in europe as appropriate the whole time. this should _ appropriate the whole time. this should be — appropriate the whole time. this should be seen as an international issue~ _ should be seen as an international issue. , ., ., issue. there is no point in one country being _ issue. there is no point in one country being immunised i issue. there is no point in one country being immunised on i issue. there is no point in one | country being immunised on its issue. there is no point in one i country being immunised on its own, we need the whole planet to been inoculated. thank you. studio: borisjohnson finishing the press conference. one year after he announced the first lockdown right across the united kingdom. let's look at some of the main points from the downing street briefing led by the prime minister. borisjohnson marked a year since the first lockdown — saying the past 12 months have been an epic of endurance and privation. the prime minister touched upon the losses felt and sacrifices made by so many since last march. he said there should be "a fitting and permanent memorial" to those we've lost. borisjohnson also said the uk is well on course to meet its vaccine targets, including offering all adults a first dose by end ofjuly. he said "jab byjab" we're on the path to regaining our freedom. responding to a question about how the government is planning to prevent europe's third wave from reaching british shores, the prime minister said all measures at the uk border are kept under constant review. our health correspondent nick triggle is here. one interesting thing that came out that was the scientists saying there could be the need for a boosterjab in the autumn. could be the need for a booster 'ab in the autumn.i in the autumn. yes, there is a lot of thought _ in the autumn. yes, there is a lot of thought going _ in the autumn. yes, there is a lot of thought going into _ in the autumn. yes, there is a lot of thought going into this. i in the autumn. yes, there is a lot of thought going into this. one i in the autumn. yes, there is a lot of thought going into this. one of the key things is how long immunity lasts from the vaccine. because it is a new vaccine, we don't know. we know from national infection that antibodies last six months. so protection could well last much longer than that. i think what will be crucial and what chris whitty said is what happens in terms of variants. we are already seeing the south african and brazilian variant can escape some of the immune response and that means vaccines don't work as well. they still work well, but not as well. if we see new variants enable it to escape more of the vaccine response, that where we may need a new vaccine to give people a booster ahead of the winter. talking to people, they suggest that maybe that would just be needed for the most vulnerable. because younger members of the population still have a fair degree of immunity that would protect them. so it may be needed for the older age groups. the so it may be needed for the older age grows-— so it may be needed for the older act-erous. ~ , , age groups. the prime minister being asked about people _ age groups. the prime minister being asked about people being _ age groups. the prime minister being asked about people being allowed i age groups. the prime minister being asked about people being allowed to| asked about people being allowed to travel but he said it is too early to know. ~ ., ., ., to know. we will hear more about that at the — to know. we will hear more about that at the start _ to know. we will hear more about that at the start of _ to know. we will hear more about that at the start of april. - to know. we will hear more about that at the start of april. they i that at the start of april. they said before the next stage of unlocking they want to give people notice of what will be happening. clearly there is a lot of concern about the levels of infection in europe. the prime minister said he would expect another wave of infection to wash up on these shores. but they said the infection would be met by a wall of immunity, because of the vaccination programme, over half of adults given theirfirst dose. but programme, over half of adults given their first dose. but not everyone has taken up the option of a vaccine. the vaccines are not 100% perfect. forsome vaccine. the vaccines are not 100% perfect. for some people they may not work. and therefore we could still see another surge in cases and in deaths. if we look at flu, we have a vaccine against flu, but during a bad winter we can see over 20,000 deaths and the modelling suggests by the summer of 2022 we could see 30,0 covid deaths, even with the vaccine that we have got. when he was asked about it, sir patrick vallance said the chance of eradicating the virus, that is close to zero, it will be with us indefinitely.— to zero, it will be with us indefinitel . . ., . , ., indefinitely. he said the chances of zero covid was _ indefinitely. he said the chances of zero covid was close _ indefinitely. he said the chances of zero covid was close to _ indefinitely. he said the chances of zero covid was close to zero. i indefinitely. he said the chances of zero covid was close to zero. that l zero covid was close to zero. that is because, well, we have only ever eradicated one virus, smallpox. but this virus, people can transmit asim asim toe matically and the vaccines are very good, but not perfect. not everyone will come forward for testing and the idea of eliminating is not possible i think the experts were saying. that is why the government talks of treating the it like flu and keep cases low and protect the most vulnerable, but accepting that we are living with some risk. ., ~ accepting that we are living with some risk-— our political correspondent damian grammaticas is at westminster. very interesting listening to boris johnson and the scientists there, looking back and reflecting on what they wish they had known 12 months ago? they wish they had known 12 months ato? , ., , ,., they wish they had known 12 months ato? , ago? yes, there was some pointed auestions ago? yes, there was some pointed questions to _ ago? yes, there was some pointed questions to the _ ago? yes, there was some pointed questions to the prime _ ago? yes, there was some pointed questions to the prime minister- questions to the prime minister about what he had any regrets, anything he thought he might have done differently. and in answer to that, he simply talked about the, what he called false assumptions about asymptomatic transmission, how much of that could be going and the scientists said they weren't sure how much the virus was circulating in europe. but that avoided government decisions and he was asked about his own handling of it. questioned about did he think he should have imposed lockdowns sooner. that is something the opposition have said, he has been slow to act early on and in the second wave and slow to get ppe to those who need it and asked about the death toll and how he would explain to future generations that the uk had the highest death toll and the deepest recession in europe. help said those were difficult choices, there were no good outcomes either way. this is an argument that will run and run, because many on the other side will say that was a false assumption, there was a false assumption there was that trade off between the economy and health and the lesson that could have been learned might have been that acting quicker protected both. that is something that will i think last and last, the discussions about that and interestingly as well i think h he was asked about an inquiry, the opposition said that should happen. he said,y, but didn't give a date. the last thing that was significant was i think it was chris whitty saying about the lasting effects and he pointed to the lasting health impacts that is something that will have a long political tail, because as he said, those who have been worst affected are the people who have been on the edges of deprivations and had marginal health outcomes and have had worst impacts from the virus and that is something that will have a very long tail and take a long time to change and to deal with. that is something that will endure many years into the future. waddle is also clear, looking back and into the future, this is by no means back no, and that was another point which was made, that this was something that we will learn to live with. it something that we will learn to live with. ., , ,., ., with. it was said that we will robabl with. it was said that we will probably see. _ with. it was said that we will probably see, the _ with. it was said that we will probably see, the virus i with. it was said that we will i probably see, the virus brought with. it was said that we will - probably see, the virus brought down to manageable levels, i think the term was, but then continue to exist in the background and quite possibly see resurgence later in the air, quite possibly you were discussing just now with nick the need for booster vaccines or vaccines to target new variants later in the year. there was talk about how long the antibody resistance you get from vaccines my last, and that question about whether we should be aiming as about whether we should be aiming as a country to eradicate covid or to live with it, there are different approaches being taken by different countries — some countries, new zealand is one that springs to mind, elsewhere in asia, they have attempted more to eliminate, really crush the levels of covid. what we had here is this more of an idea that it will exist in the background and will be something that we have to live with. and will be something that we have to live with-— and will be something that we have to live with. . , ., ., , to live with. damian grammaticas, in westminster. — to live with. damian grammaticas, in westminster, thank _ to live with. damian grammaticas, in westminster, thank you _ to live with. damian grammaticas, in westminster, thank you very - to live with. damian grammaticas, in westminster, thank you very much. l let's cross to westminster and talk to the shadow health and social care secretary labour's jonathan ashworth. good afternoon. a lot of looking back and looking forward, but we must remember that today is a moment to reflect and remember all those people who have lost their lives, and also the families who have been affected. i and also the families who have been affected. ., and also the families who have been affected. . ., , ,., , and also the families who have been affected. . ., , , , ., affected. i mean, absolutely it is a da of affected. i mean, absolutely it is a day of reflection, _ affected. i mean, absolutely it is a day of reflection, a _ affected. i mean, absolutely it is a day of reflection, a day _ affected. i mean, absolutely it is a day of reflection, a day of - day of reflection, a day of remembrance. so many people have lost their lives, so many families shattered. many people will be asking if things could have been different, did it have to be this way? we do have one of the worst death tolls in the world, of course. for me, i think the key thing is that we do need to learn lessons, we do need to know what went wrong, so i hope we can get an inquiry and an investigation at some point, because we could have a pandemic again in the future. there is no reason why this is a one—off, so we need to learn lessons that we are better prepared next time.- prepared next time. interesting listenin: prepared next time. interesting listening to _ prepared next time. interesting listening to the _ prepared next time. interesting listening to the scientist, - prepared next time. interesting| listening to the scientist, saying the one thing they could have done with was the data, it was moving so quickly, it was hard for the scientist to know what was going on in the early days.— in the early days. yeah, but a lot of scientists _ in the early days. yeah, but a lot of scientists have _ in the early days. yeah, but a lot of scientists have been _ in the early days. yeah, but a lot of scientists have been saying i in the early days. yeah, but a lot i of scientists have been saying that, sadly, we are in an era of pandemics because of what is happening with the environment and climate change and we are more likely to see infectious disease outbreaks, because what we are seeing more is virus isjumping from animals because what we are seeing more is virus is jumping from animals to humans. they tend to jump from bats, a fifth of the world's mammals are bats, so we will see more of this happening. we need to learn lessons, we need to stop the environmental destruction that is going on to try to prevent these outbreaks in the future. i think it shows you have got to have capacity in your nhs, in your social care and public health systems. we have underfunded your social care and public health systems. we have under funded those for years now, and that meant when the virus hit us, we were immensely vulnerable. �* ., , the virus hit us, we were immensely vulnerable-— the virus hit us, we were immensely vulnerable. boris johnson was asked durin: the vulnerable. boris johnson was asked during the press _ vulnerable. boris johnson was asked during the press conference - vulnerable. boris johnson was asked during the press conference about i during the press conference about looking towards the long term, asked about the quality of housing, and a lot of concern about the conditions people are living in and the impact covid could have in the future on people's lives and quality of life, and the prime minister blamed specifically the labour mismanagement of housing in croydon and name sadiq khan — your response to that? it and name sadiq khan - your response to that? , ., , , ., to that? it is utter nonsense from the prime minister, _ to that? it is utter nonsense from the prime minister, i _ to that? it is utter nonsense from the prime minister, i know- to that? it is utter nonsense from the prime minister, i know he - to that? it is utter nonsense from the prime minister, i know he is l the prime minister, i know he is embarrassed because he has such a poor candidate running for london mayor, but if you spend years cutting back on investment in housing, support for people, if you allow a system where child poverty increases and you are shutting things like sure start centres and people are surviving on low wages, poverty and deprivation leads to ill health, and that means we have had in many areas a worse response to covid. deaths have been disproportionately higher in those areas, so the crisis has shone a light on inequalities in society, and we have to do something about it for the future.— for the future. what do you think the next few _ for the future. what do you think the next few months _ for the future. what do you think the next few months and - for the future. what do you think the next few months and years l for the future. what do you think. the next few months and years will hold? is there any semblance of normality, or do you think, judging from what the scientists are saying, the virus is not going to go away and we will be living with restrictions for a long time to come? i restrictions for a long time to come? ~ , ., , , ., come? i think the problem is that althouah come? i think the problem is that although we _ come? i think the problem is that although we are _ come? i think the problem is that although we are doing _ come? i think the problem is that although we are doing well- come? i think the problem is that although we are doing well on - although we are doing well on vaccination, there are certain parts of the country where vaccination rates are below average, such as hartlepool, oldham and leicester, where i am from, so we have to drive up where i am from, so we have to drive up rights in those areas. but vaccination, while immensely welcome, and it is a different world from 12 months ago in that respect, it doesn't make us bullet—proof, if you like. it makes us safer, but until the rest of the world is also vaccinated, we are not safe, because we run the risk that the virus mutates in other parts of the world and bounces back and sets us back, perhaps not to square one, so we need to continue vaccinating, be cautious coming out of this lockdown, and we need to play our part internationally in supporting vaccination and science across the world as well, because in the end, thatis world as well, because in the end, that is how we will really escape the pandemic.— that is how we will really escape the pandemic. given how far ahead the pandemic. given how far ahead the united kingdom _ the pandemic. given how far ahead the united kingdom is— the pandemic. given how far ahead the united kingdom is with - the pandemic. given how far ahead the united kingdom is with the - the united kingdom is with the vaccination programme compared to even continental europe, there is pressure from the travel industry to lift restrictions, do you think the government needs to be cautious and keyboard is closed and people cannot go on holiday in the summer? i think we do need — go on holiday in the summer? i think we do need to _ go on holiday in the summer? i think we do need to be _ go on holiday in the summer? i think we do need to be cautious, - go on holiday in the summer? i think we do need to be cautious, boris - we do need to be cautious, boris johnson talking about this third wave in europe, but they are suffering from our own home—grown kent variant. we have been through that surge, and now that variant is surging across france and germany, but what we are also seeing is an increased prevalence of the so—called south african variant, and we do not want to see that spreading here. only i% of arrivals to this country are quarantined, our border controls are incredibly lax, and there was a failure 12 months ago to put those controls in place, so not to undermine the success of the vaccination programme, let's have controls at our borders. collide jonathan ashworth, thank you very much forjoining us. let's take a look back now at some of the key moments of the past 12 months — and how restrictions became, at least for now, our way of life. stay at home, protect our nhs, and save lives. these measures are essential for the protection of all of us. coronavirus is an invisible enemy. we have asked you to stay at home. just please stay at home. cheering i've taken a test, that has come out positive... the prime minister's condition worsened, and on the advice of the medical team who's moved him to a critical care unit. the current measures must remain. it's going to take a long time, and i think we need| to be aware of that. we are past the peak. up until now, the government's reply to me has been we're not going to produce a plan. does that mean - i stay at home or not? we agreed that we should go for a short drive to see if i could drive safely. national hibernation is beginning to come to an end. i went back to the manager and said, there's been a mistake here. - he said, it's not a mistake, it's half price. _ the virus has started to spread again in an exponential way. the government's own scientific advisers, sage, gave very clear advice. why did the prime minister reject that advice and abandon the science? he wants to close pubs, he wants to close bars, he wants to close businesses! we must act now to contain this autumn surge. you'll be able to form a christmas bubble. you escape what has become at home a delightful little prison. _ if he thinks that london's economy is more important than the north, thenjust come out and say it! it is with a very heavy heart i must tell you we cannot continue with christmas as planned. i know how unfair it is — but this virus is unfair. i there are hundreds of people in wales— who are suffering from this new variation. i feel like it's the light. at the end of the tunnel, and in that vial is just. a little bit of sunshine. we have no choice but to return to a national lockdown. the number of deaths recorded from covid in the uk has surpassed 100,000. we're now travelling on a one—way road to freedom. good afternoon. if we have light winds and plenty of sunshine at this time of year, it starts to feel quite pleasant out there. that was the story yesterday, wasn't it? lots of sunshine to be found as well across a good portion of the country, with highs of 16 celsius in aberdeenshire, 61 fahrenheit. but, unfortunately, what a difference a day makes. quite a lot of cloud generally across the country today. there are some breaks and some brief glimpses of sunshine, but the emphasis, as we go through the afternoon, is pretty dull. that is the story, and the winds will start to pick up from the west, with some rain arriving into western scotland and the western fringes of northern ireland by the end of the afternoon. so temperatures not as high this afternoon, 9—12 celsius. the rain will turn quite heavy, but it is going to be pushed through quite swiftly by some strong gusty winds, gusts in excess of aomph, maybe as strong as 60 mph as that rain moves into scotland. so that weather front will continue to push its way steadily south and east during the early hours. still pretty windy behind it, still a cluster of showers following in as well. the front will be sitting across northern england, wales and into the midlands during the early hours of wednesday. that means, underneath the cloud and the rain, those temperatures will hold up at around 5—8 celsius. but clearer skies to the north means maybe a chilly start in the far north of scotland. we still continue with the risk of a blustery day with plenty of showers developing here into longer spells of rain by the afternoon. our weather front slowly meanders its way south and east, a band of light patchy rain, and sandwiched in between the two there will be such a little more sunshine coming through, with highs once again of 13 celsius. thursday will be a little bit more straightforward. sunny spells and scattered showers. the showers most frequent out towards the west. once again, the real change arrives as we go through thursday into friday. a cold front, pushing in from the north—west, will drag in colder air behind. noticeably colder for all of us on friday. it will not last very long, but it is worth bearing in mind. you will notice the difference with the feel of the weather from the word go on friday. some of those showers above 200 metres could be wintry with hail and snow. factor in the strength of the wind, and you might need an extra layer if you are out for some daily exercise on friday. top temperatures of 7—9 celsius. today at six — the anniversary of the first uk—wide lockdown, the year of the coronavirus. across the nations, a minute's silence — a moment to remember those who did not survive the onslaught of covid—i9, the empty trains, the classrooms shut down — 12 months that changed the way we live and work. for month after month, our collective fight against coronavirus was like fighting in the dark against a callous and invisible enemy, until science helped us to turn the lights on and to gain the upper hand. we'll be looking at the lessons learnt, and what they say about the way forward. also tonight: the holiday expense you can do without —

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