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IMAGE: (a) cellular uptake, (b) endosomal escape, (c) GSH depletion contributed by tetrasulfide-induced GSH oxidation and zinc-mediated inhibition of GR and GSSG reduction, (d) GAPDH deactivation, (e) increased MMP, (f) mTORC1. view more
Credit: @Science China Press
Delivery of genetic molecules such as mRNA into cells is vital with important applications such as vaccine development. Various agents have been developed for mRNA delivery. However, conventional mRNA nanocarriers mainly focus on their physical interaction with mRNA molecules, or protection / delivery of mRNA, such as adjusting physical properties of nanocarriers to control binding with mRNA or cellular uptake. Moreover, effective mRNA delivery in hard-to-transfect APCs remains a challenge. The hard-to-transfect nature in APCs is partly attributed to the suppressed mRNA translation associated with the intrinsic high intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Thus, tetrasulfide bond bridged DMONs modifie
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IMAGE: (a) Schematic illustration of the K-ion full battery based on the as-prepared BCC and Prussian Blue (PB). (b) Charge-discharge profiles of the half battery and full battery. (c) Cycling stability. view more
Credit: @Science China Press
With the rapid development of smart portable electronics and electric vehicles, the consumption of lithium resource will increase dramatically and the cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) may increase significantly in the future. In addition, the shortage (0.0017 wt% in the earth s crust) and uneven crustal distribution of lithium also limit its further development and application. As potassium (2.7 wt% in the earth s crust) have properties similar to lithium and abundant reserves. Therefore, as an alternative to LIBs, potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have become the focus of research. Potassium (2.92 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode) has a standard electrode potential closer to Li (3.04 V vs. SHE) than the standard electro
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IMAGE: (a) Theoretical output potential, specific capacity and energy density for the KO2 and other typical K-ion battery cathodes. (b) XRD pattern and TEM images of KO2-RuO2@rGO cathode composites. The XRD. view more
Credit: @Science China Press
There is an urgent need for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries to further satisfy the ever-growing demand for electrical energy storage devices. Triggering the O-related anionic redox activities (e.g. typical Li/Na/K-O2 battery, and Li/Na-rich cathodes) have been regarded as the most promising capacity-boosting strategy for batteries. However, the practical realization of Li/Na/K-O2 battery, a gas-open cell architecture, is severely plagued by some gaseous O2-related intrinsic defects. For example, porous air cathode is easily clogged by hosting the solid O2 reduction products, resulting in the practical stored energy reveals far below the theoretical value. Moreover, due to the phase changes between gaseous O2