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Credit: Ana Catarina Vieira de Castro
Dogs trained using aversive stimuli, which involve punishments for incorrect behavior, show evidence of higher stress levels compared to dogs trained with reward-based methods, according to a study publishing December 16 in the open-access journal
PLOS ONE by Ana Catarina Vieira de Castro from the Universidade do Porto, Portugal, and colleagues.
The researchers observed the behavior of 92 companion dogs from 7 dog training schools in Portugal that use either aversive methods (which use mainly aversive stimuli), reward methods (which focus on rewarding desired behaviours), and mixed methods (which combine the use of both rewards and aversive stimuli). They filmed training sessions and tested saliva samples for the stress-related hormone cortisol. Dogs trained using aversive and mixed methods displayed more stress-related behaviors, such as crouching and yelping, and showed greater increases in cortisol levels after training than dogs trained w
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New guidance on standards for the care and welfare of racehorses has been released by the international lead body for thoroughbred racing.
IFHA Minimum Horse Welfare Standards has been produced by the Horse Welfare Committee of the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA), in line with its aim to promote best practice, harmonization and information exchange across racing nations.
The new document complements recent reforms which will ensure the traceability of horses from their foal stage through into retirement and beyond. The IFHA said racing authorities should refer to this document to establish accepted horse welfare practices in their jurisdiction and to set minimum standards of participant behaviour, including behavioural change where necessary.