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Abstract
While it is now widely accepted that host inflammatory responses contribute to lung injury, the pathways that drive severity and distinguish coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from other viral lung diseases remain poorly characterized. We analyzed plasma samples from 471 hospitalized patients recruited through the prospective multicenter ISARIC4C study and 39 outpatients with mild disease, enabling extensive characterization of responses across a full spectrum of COVID-19 severity. Progressive elevation of levels of numerous inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (including IL-6, CXCL10, and GM-CSF) were associated with severity and accompanied by elevated markers of endothelial injury and thrombosis. Principal component and network analyses demonstrated central roles for IL-6 and GM-CSF in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Comparing these profiles to archived samples from patients with fatal influenza, IL-6 was equally elevated in both conditions whereas GM-CSF was prominent only in
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Scientists have identified a way to rescue muscle cells that have genetically mutated, paving the way to a possible new treatment for rare childhood illness such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
The study, led by the Universities of Exeter and Nottingham, is published in the
Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences, USA. The research used novel drugs being developed at the University of Exeter, which metabolically reprogram the cellular energy production centres in muscle cells, by providing them with a fuel source to generate metabolic energy.
DMD is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in a gene called dystrophin which results in progressive irreversible muscular degeneration and weakening. Its symptoms include muscle atrophy leading to a loss of the ability to walk in children for which there is no known cure. Currently, the condition is treated with steroids, such as prednisone, but they can stop working and side-effects are common. The resear
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Children raised in neighborhoods with low socio-economic status are at risk for low academic achievement. A new longitudinal study followed young children from such neighborhoods from birth until age seven to explore whether children s capacity to act kindly or generously towards others (prosocial behavior) - including peers, teachers, and family - is linked to their ability to perform well in school. The study showed that prosocial behavior may mitigate academic risk across early childhood.
The findings were published in a
Child Development article written by researchers at Stanford University and the University of Leeds, and the Bradford Institute for Health Research.
Research Article
Quantification of fibroblast growth factor 23 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide to identify patients with atrial fibrillation using a high-throughput platform: A validation study
Winnie Chua,
Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom