X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has become an indispensable characterization technique for analyzing the surface chemistry of thin films and coatings. With its ability to probe just the top few nanometers and reveal elemental composition, chemical bonding, and electronic structure, XPS provides unparalleled insights into how surface and interface properties determine film performance.
Besides being an important transition metal oxide, nickel oxide powder has numerous applications in ceramics, metals and electronic components. Moreover, it has interesting chemical, electrical and optical properties. In addition, it has excellent du
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a spectroscopic technique for measuring the elemental composition of a sample. In this article, we discuss its use in nanotechnology research.