The Umayyad Caliphate spread Islam from East to West, with mighty caliphates building palaces and mosques in the now desert land of Iraq, where poets and philosophers flourished.
During the eighth and ninth centuries AD the Abbasid Dynasty left an impressive architectural legacy in their short-lived capital Samarra on the banks of the Tigris.
The region of the Middle East, often dubbed the "Cradle of Civilisation," brought many breakthroughs in fields such as astronomy, mathematics and philosophy. Some of the most prominent ancient civilisations that emerged in this region include Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia and the Levant. In the 13th century, a Turkish tribe initiated a series of conquests that ultimately
The medieval Islamic world, under the Abbasid Caliphate, initiated a significant translation movement between the eighth and thirteenth centuries CE. This effort, based in Baghdad's House of Wisdom, aimed to translate and preserve knowledge from various ancient civilizations. It had a profound and enduring impact on science, medicine, philosophy, and learning, ultimately shaping the modern world by bridging civilizations and promoting a spirit of cosmopolitan learning and translation.
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