Both popular power and insurrectionism were important, albeit controversial components of the ANC-led struggle against apartheid. Both have some presence in contemporary South Africa. Regrettably there is only a limited manifestation of popular power today. But, because non-violence has never been endorsed as a central principle, warped versions of what was heroic in armed struggle still manifest themselves in various political and xenophobic thuggery At the time, of unbanning of the ANC, and the transition from apartheid repression to a new democracy, the ANC- led government drew on (or erased) several different strands of struggle or political practices which were ways of conducting political activity at different periods of resistance. These practices and understandings changed over time and often the same concept attained a different meaning because of experiences and creative practices.
It becomes an absurdity to try and capture 110 years of the history of the ANC in one installment. However, a large chunk of ANC history that accounts for its contemporary state is possible.
Kollapen said there was no need to shy away from the unique Indian identity, culture and religion brought to South Africa by the first indentured labourers 150 years earlier