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The West That Was Fig. 1. Péhriska-Rúhpa, Hidatsa Man by Karl Bodmer (1809–1893), 1834. Watercolor and graphite on paper, 17 1/8 by 12 inches. All objects illustrated are in Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska, gift of the Enron Art Foundation; all photographs are © Bruce White, 2019. Decades before the wildly popular German writer Karl May (1842–1912) entranced European readers with his fanciful tales of Native Americans (despite never having set foot in the American West), a scholarly German prince, Maximilian of Wied (1782–1867), came here to do the serious work of documenting tribal life along the Missouri River. Accompanied by Karl Bodmer, a young Swiss artist in his employ, the prince arrived in 1832 with a sense of urgency, keenly aware of the mutability of Native cultures in the face of Manifest Destiny: “the beginning of settlement,” he wrote, “is always the destruction of everything else.”

New yorkUnited statesNorth dakotaMissouri riverFort clarkAmon carter museumMetropolitan museum of artJoslyn art museumTannika johnsonThayer tollesBruce whiteKarl bodmerGeorge catlinFrancis parkmanArthurh clarkKarl may