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Free-range pullets are reared indoors but the adult hens can go outside which is a mismatch that may reduce adaptation in the laying environment. Rearing enrichments might enhance pullet development and adaptations to subsequent free-range housing with impact on behavior and health measures including gut microbiota. Adult free-range hens vary in range use which may also be associated with microbiota composition. A total of 1700 Hy-Line Brown® chicks were reared indoors across 16 weeks with three enrichment treatment groups: ‘control’ with standard litter housing, ‘novelty’ with weekly changed novel objects, and ‘structural’ with custom-designed perching structures in the pens. At 15 weeks, 45 pullet cecal contents were sampled before moving 1386 pullets to the free-range housing system. At 25 weeks, range access commenced, and movements were tracked via radio-frequency identification technology. At 65 weeks, 91 hens were selected based on range use patterns (‘indoor�

United statesFrance generalUnited kingdomT ai peiNew south walesNorth ferribyEast riding of yorkshireSouth koreaVan immerseelDiaz carrascoBach knudsenLachnospiraceae faecalibacteriumPrevotella yanMaximiano sousaBabraham instituteRoxan developments ltd