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The image at the left is an example of the results generated from successive aerial images from a drone. Each brown dot on the field is a horse. Circles and arrows represent the units and solitary males partitioned based on the distance distribution. White dots are free-ranging cows. The image at right shows an enlarged view of an orthomosaic (an accurate photo representation of an area, created out of many photos). It captured a harem named Kitakami. All horses on the orthomosaic were identified. The points and labels represent the positions and IDs of each horse.
Evidence from a study using drones strongly indicates a multilevel structure in horse society, researchers report.