A Colored Man s Reminiscences of James Madison by Paul Jennings (1865) – Encyclopedia Virginia
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Madison, Dolley (1768–1849) – Encyclopedia Virginia
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african-americans and the circumstances surrounding their visits. this is 1:10. as we learned this morning, many did not enter service at lafayette square vounl taele vv. jefferson, madison, monroe, jackson, tyler, polk, taylor, owned slaves and brought them to the white house and from their plantations in the south. until 1862, when slavery was abolished in district of columbia slaves worked alongside paid black freemen and european servants at the white house. for most of the 19th century, the structure of the white house staff remained generally the, the same. at the top was a steward, federal employee who was bonded. the congress created this position to safe guard the silver and furnishings in the white house. the steward was on the government pay ll lroll. it required patience, strayed tiff administrative ability and great sense of discretion. beneath him, maids, footmen, cooks, laborers, and about 1/3 of the servants lived there in the basements. some in