Trade openness and environmental quality: A literature review
PhD student. PHAM THI THUY DIEM (Banking University Ho Chi Minh City, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City; Asian Journal of Economic s and Banking) and Professor. Dr. NGUYEN TRONG HOAI (Vice President of University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City)
ABSTRACT:
The environmental effect of trade liberalization has been one of the most crucial questions concerning trade policy over the last two decades. However, the theoretical literature on trade openness and the environment is largely inconclusive relating to the overall influence of international trade on the environmental quality including displacement hypothesis, pollution haven hypothesis, foreign direct investment, “race to bottom”, diffusion of technology, and globalization. Previous studies demonstrate that trade openness have both positive and negative influence on the environmental quality.
Phone surveys confirm the widespread effects of COVID-19 on jobs in developing countries
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To understand how the crisis is affecting workers, we have to ask households what happened and how they responded. These projections, however, are based on preliminary country GDP estimates, which themselves may be subject to error and revision. In addition, the projections make the strong assumption that the impacts of the crisis on economic well-being were the same for poorer and richer households. Especially in developing countries, policy makers remain largely in the dark on basic questions about the economic impact of the crisis, including the severity of the employment shock.
Western Imperialism and the Role of Sub-imperialism in the Global South
At first blush, Joe Biden’s election as U.S. president brings respite from a world threatened by Donald Trump’s climate-denialist, dictator-coddling, xenophobic, racist, misogynist, rules-breaking regime. On second thought, 2021 will also initiate an unwelcome restoration of legitimacy to Western imperialism akin to Barack Obama’s rule. Biden’s (2020) recent
Foreign Affairs article began by stressing how since 2017, “the international system that the United States so carefully constructed is coming apart at the seams.” In reconstructing imperialism, Biden may draw upon a legislative and public-advocacy record dating to the 1980s, based upon consistent service to several internationally ambitious circuits of U.S. capital: