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Background The worldwide emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threatens to overshadow the dramatic advances in medical sciences since the discovery of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance has rendered some antibiotics obsolete, creating a reliance on synthetic drugs. In some instances, bacteria can be resistant to all antibiotics. The problem of antibiotic resistance is eminent in resource-limited countries like Tanzania, where systematic surveillance and routine susceptibility tests are rarely conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the magnitude of beta-lactamase-producing Gram-positive pathogens and Enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methodology This multi-site cross-sectional study involved three private hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study was conducted between July and September 2008. Bacterial isolates were collected, identified, and subjected to antibiotic-sensitivity testing against

United statesDar es salaam regionDar es salaamUnited kingdomMsimbazi riverKeko machungwaRegency medical centreLaboratory of microbiologyClinical laboratoryMuhimbili university of healthStandards instituteMicrobiology at muhimbili university of healthStatistical package for the social sciencesAlkem labSaharan africaShree hindu mandal