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Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) plays an important role in the formation of fine particulate matter, leading to severe environmental degradation and human health issues. In this work, ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) observations are used to obtain the total columns of atmospheric NH3 at Hefei, China, from December 2016 to December 2020. After the presentation of the retrieval algorithm and uncertainty budget, we perform a spatio-temporal analysis of the dataset. Over the four years, NH3 columns have been increasing by 15.82% (2017–2018), 3.83% (2018–2019) and 3.68% (2019–2020). A clear seasonal cycle is observed, with the largest surface concentrations (12.93 ± 6.40 ppb) observed in June to August, and the lowest (4.08± 2.66 ppb) in November to January. The diurnal cycles of NH3 exhibit increased morning and afternoon concentrations. Interpretation of the diurnal cycles is difficult, however, the absence of a peak during rush hours, and the absence of corr

Mission sourceSatellite dataTemporal variationTotal column