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Introduction
Section 190 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) 1973 relates to the cognisance of offences by magistrates. Under said section, magistrates (as specified therein) may take cognisance of offences:
(a) upon receiving a complaint of facts which constitute such offence;
(b) upon a police report of such facts;
(c) upon information received from any person other than a police officer, or upon his own knowledge, that such offence has been committed.
Conditions for making complaints
It is trite law(1) that a magistrate takes cognizance when he applies his mind or takes judicial notice of an offence with a view to initiating proceedings in respect of offence which is said to have been committed . Notably, Section 190 of the CrPC 1973 permits anyone to approach a magistrate with a complaint and does not prescribe any requirements which the complainant must fulfil in order to do so. However, Sections 195 to 199 of the CrPC 1973(2) act as exceptions to the general power o