New Tax Foundation report offers comprehensive Wisconsin tax reform options to enhance the state's competitiveness. Explore Wisconsin tax reform policies.
Structural reforms have been at the centre of the economic policy debate in advanced economies, and in Europe in particular, in the past two decades. This column assesses the macroeconomic effects of three economic policy packages introduced in Italy between 2011 and 2017, obtained using both microeconomic estimates and model-based simulations. The three reforms induced a
The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, manifested by the great swings of large-scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the equatorial central to eastern Pacific oceans, is a major source of interannual global shifts of climate patterns and weather activities. ENSO's SST anomalies exhibit remarkable spatiotemporal pattern diversity (STPD), with their spatial pattern diversity dominated by Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events and their temporal diversity marked by different timescales and intermittency in these types of events. By affecting various Earth system components, ENSO and its STPD yield significant environmental, ecological, economic, and societal impacts over the globe. The basic dynamics of ENSO as a canonical oscillator generated by coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropical Pacific have been largely understood. A minimal simple conceptual model such as the recharge oscillator paradigm provides means fo
The EU’s ambitious emissions reduction targets will require a major increase in green investments. This column considers options for increasing public green investment when major consolidations are needed after the fiscal support provided during the pandemic. The authors make the case for a green golden rule allowing green investment to be funded by deficits that would not