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The article focuses of the activity of Gramsci, the Ordine Nuovo group and the communist vanguard in the Turin Factory Council movement throughout the ‘Red Biennium’ (1919-1920) and during the occupation of the Italian factories (September 1920). This movement questioned the owners’ power in the factory, with the occupation in Turin characterized by the workers collectively managing the plants without the owners. From this perspective, the Turin Factory Council movement and the local occupation represented one of the most advanced political and organizational developments of the Italian working class in the twentieth century. By applying ‘the molecular’ in directions that Gramsci would have found interesting, this article addresses how ideas and images of the Factory Councils circulated ‘mole-cularly’ within the Turin working class movement. This helps understand how the circulation affected the ‘spontaneous’ establishment of a ‘productive network’ of Councils dur

Lordine nuovoFactory councilsTurin factory councilRed bienniumRed bienniumPrison note booksRed bienniumL ordine nuovoPontaneity and direction