Austerity policies have their roots in efforts by economic elites to crush working-class power after WWI and redistribute income upward. To reverse austerity, democratic control over economic policymaking is essential.
Piero Sraffa, a few years younger than Gramsci, first met him in Turin in 1919. He followed closely the activity of the Ordine Nuovo group and its journal, having a letter of his published anonymously in it, to Gramsci’s critical discussion in reply . The two then met again in Rome when , as parliamentary deputy having immunity, Gramsci had returned to Italy from Moscow and Vienna. Sraffa became a decisive figure for Gramsci after the latter’s arrest, opening an unlimited account for him at a Milanese bookshop and, through Tanja Schucht, became Gramsci’s channel for communication with the Italian Communist Party’s Foreign Centre in France. At a distance and indirectly, then, the two men acted as stimuli for each other, mainly for Gramsci but the reciprocity in the relationship should not be overlooked. In 1932, for example, there were requests for Gramsci to further his work on the intellectuals in Italian history, and on the recent publications of the philosopher-historian-li
In the preface to a recent volume of academic essays titled Gramsci In The World, Marxist and formalist literary critic Frederic Jameson argues that, today more than ever, much of Gramsci’s value lies in the ambiguities that his Prison Notebooks, the thirty-three notebooks the Sardinia born communist wrote in prison between 1928 and 1934 under strict surveillance and limited critical sources available to him, necessarily resulted from the unfree physical conditions of the writing.
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