Amendments
Two fundamental proposed amendments to Chapter 10 of the EU-Mexico Trade Agreement are:
the introduction of the possibility to appeal decisions of arbitration panels. This amendment would transform arbitration proceedings into two-stage proceedings.
the requirement that arbitration panels be composed of arbitrators of both parties and different countries. This would result in a permanent court of arbitration whose purpose would be to resolve investment disputes.
Two-stage arbitration
According to theorists, two-stage arbitration provides more certainty to the parties involved since the resolutions issued have been thoroughly analysed. However, two-stage arbitration might threaten two guiding principles of arbitration – namely:
procedural speed; and
The EU Anti-tax Avoidance Directive (2016/1164/EU) has been transposed into Cypriot legislation and is:
retrospectively effective as of 1 January 2020 with regard to hybrid mismatches, exit taxation and tax residency mismatches; and
effective as of 1 January 2022 with regard to reverse hybrid mismatch arrangements, which exploit the different tax treatment of an entity or instrument under the laws of different jurisdictions.
Given the strengthening of the rules on corporate tax avoidance, individuals must consider better estate protection strategies and undertake legitimate tax and tax avoidance planning. Cyprus trust legislation allows for the establishment of trusts with advantageous tax regime and asset protection features. Family trusts are deeply embedded in estate planning, but the Cyprus holding company may also be utilised as a family investment company (FIC) as an alternative to a family trust. Therefore, is the FIC an ideal alternative tax and succession estate planning
What is an advance healthcare directive?
An advance healthcare directive is also known as a living will . Although not a new concept, it is newly recognised in the Cayman Islands.
In 2019 the Health Care Decisions Act was implemented in the Cayman Islands. This law allows individuals to determine their wishes surrounding medical care and treatment, including end-of-life care, should they become mentally incompetent, and prepare a legal document to this effect. The legal document outlines preferred medical treatments and procedures, such as life support and resuscitation.
Advance directives have been around for some time in other jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom, the Unites States, Australia, Canada, South Africa and Jamaica.
E-commerce platforms are accessible to both authentic and counterfeit sellers. Anyone may register and begin selling immediately, without the need to undergo scrutiny or due diligence. The high court recently provided some clarification on the extent of liability that online marketplaces have regarding IP infringements by sellers. This decision is a palpable relief for online marketplaces, the continued existence of which arguably benefits the public by encouraging competition and stimulating the economy.
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has not been kind to air carriers. Not only have they seen the loss of up to 75% of their passenger traffic, they have also been left to develop and enforce their own policies regarding mask wearing and other measures designed to protect the health of their employees and passengers. This has resulted in videos being shared of onboard altercations as passengers resist compliance with airline rules. The absence of a federal mandate has exacerbated this situation.
Mask mandate
On 21 January 2021, the day after his inauguration, President Joe Biden signed an executive order (EO 13998) requiring, among other things, the wearing of masks on transport conveyances. This order was implemented by the Centres for Disease Control (CDC), via an order issued on 1 February 2021, under Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act. The CDC order mandates all people (including employees and crew) to wear masks when traveling on conveyances into and within the Uni