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Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are reliant on insulin for survival. Despite enhanced knowledge related to the pathophysiology of the disease, including interactions between genetic, immune, and environmental contributions, and major strides in treatment and management, disease burden remains high. Studies aimed at blocking the immune attack on β cells in people at risk or individuals with very early onset type 1 diabetes show promise in preserving endogenous insulin production.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults receiving haematopoietic cell transplantation: an international expert statement

Combined advances in haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and intensive care management have improved the survival of patients with haematological malignancies admitted to the intensive care unit. In cases of refractory respiratory failure or refractory cardiac failure, these advances have led to a renewed interest in advanced life support therapies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), previously considered inappropriate for these patients due to their poor prognosis. Given the scarcity of evidence-based guidelines on the use of ECMO in patients receiving HCT and the need to provide equitable and sustainable access to ECMO, the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization, and the International ECMO Network aimed to develop an expert consensus statement on the use of ECMO in adult patients receiving HCT.

RSV immunisation: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospital admissions in young children, with the highest burden in infants younger than 3 months. A birth cohort study done in five European countries between 2017 and 2021 found that 1·8% of term-born children are admitted to hospital due to RSV infection in the first year of life.1 More than half of children who required hospital admission were younger than 3 months. Until November, 2022, immunisation strategies against RSV were restricted to groups at high risk of severe outcomes; however, on Oct 31, 2022, the human monoclonal antibody nirsevimab was approved by the European Medicines Agency to protect all infants during their first RSV season.

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