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Statistical Analysis
Three parallel experiments were performed to obtain the average value, which was determined using SPSS 23 statistical software and compared between groups using independent-sample t tests and a one-way analysis of variance method. Significant differences between groups were observed at the
P 0.05 level.
DPPH and ABTS Radical Scavenging Abilities of LPE
Figure 1 shows the dose-response relationship of DPPH and the ABTS radical scavenging ability of LPE. The ability of LPE to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals increased with increasing concentrations of LPE from 0 to 120 μg/mL. Moreover, the Vc positive control group had lower DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities than LPE.
1
1Department of Nephrology, Kidney and Urology Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, ShenZhen, Guandong, People’s Republic of China;
2Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guandong, People’s Republic of China;
3Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guandong, People’s Republic of China These authors contributed equally to this work
Background: The aggressive phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) is essential in the synovitis and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Punicalagin is a natural polyphenol extracted in pomegranate juice, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties suggesting it may be a potent drug for RA therapy. However, there is paucity of information on its effect in RA.
Knocking Down KCNQ1OT1 Suppressed LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Apoptosis in HMC3 Cells
For further exploring the function of KCNQ1OT1, we transfected HMC3 cells with pc-KCNQ1OT1 or si-KCNQ1OT1. The expression of KCNQ1OT1 was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Compared with control cells (cells transfected with pc-NC or si-NC), the expression of KCNQ1OT1 in HMC3 cells transfected with pc-KCNQ1OT1 was significantly increased, while the expression of KCNQ1OT1 in cells transfected with si-KCNQ1OT1 was significantly decreased (Figure 2A). Subsequently, we used RT-qPCR and ELISA kits to examine the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 to evaluate the inflammatory response. The results indicated that LPS treatment markedly promoted the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in HMC3 cells; overexpression of KCNQ1OT1 promoted the expressions of inflammatory cytokines, while KCNQ1OT1 knockdown inhibited their expression (Figure 2B and C). The expression of M1 p