Drug-Resistant Mutation of Malaria Detected in Uganda
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Two chemoattenuated PfSPZ malaria vaccines provide strong and lasting protection
Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and
Plasmodium malariae.
In 2019 alone, over 229 million cases of malaria were reported globally, with about 409,000 deaths due to this disease. Although several drug and anti-vector measures have been developed to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with malaria, the progress in combatting this disease has stalled.
The Mosquirix (RTS,S) and Sanaria
Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ) vaccines are considered the most advanced candidates for conferring sterile protective immunity against malaria. The RTS,S vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of PfSPZ and has demonstrated its ability to provide partial protection against clinical malaria.
What are CD Markers?
Image Credit: Jarun Ontakrai / Shutterstock.com
The molecules often act as ligands or receptors, though may also have some unrelated function such as cell adhesion, and may consist of a mixture of proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. Some are trans-membrane, while others are entirely extracellular.
CD markers often refer specifically to leukocyte cell surface molecules, as the system was developed in 1982 at the 1
st International Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens to deal with the growing number of monoclonal antibodies generated against the many epitopes of leukocyte antigens. However, it has since been expanded to include many other types of cell.
Exploring COVID-19 Immune Responses Using Flow Cytometry
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and continues to affect millions across the world. Disease severity varies with some patients requiring mechanical ventilation, and the mortality rate is thought to be as high as 10%. Several studies have used flow cytometry to investigate how the immune system reacts to SARS-CoV-2.
Image Credit: Jarun Ontakrai / Shutterstock.com
What did the immune profiling of hospitalized patients reveal?
Research revealed that dysregulation of the immune system was linked to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. However, the role remained unclear. Matthew et al. carried out an observational study to investigate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The cohort included adults hospitalized with COVID-19 (COVID-19 patients), adults who had COVID-19 (recovered donors) but were not hospitalized, and volunteers who had not had COVID-19 (health
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