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IMAGE: When a proton collides with a proton, the gluon emitted by one of the valence quarks can interact with a virtual quark from the the quark-antiquark pair inside the other. view more
Credit: Source: IFJ PAN / Dual Color
Inside each proton or neutron there are three quarks bound by gluons. Until now, it has often been assumed that two of them form a stable pair known as a diquark. It seems, however, that it s the end of the road for the diquarks in physics. This is one of the conclusions of the new model of proton-proton or proton-nucleus collisions, which takes into account the interactions of gluons with the sea of virtual quarks and antiquarks.
Credit: Source: IFJ PAN
Malignant tumour cells undergo mechanical deformation more easily than normal cells, allowing them to migrate throughout the body. The mechanical properties of prostate cancer cells treated with the most commonly used anti-cancer drugs have been investigated at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow. According to the researchers, current drugs can be used more effectively and at lower doses.
In cancer, a key factor contributing to the formation of metastasis is the ability of the neoplastic cells to undergo mechanical deformation. At the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN) in Cracow, research on the mechanical properties of cells has been conducted for a quarter of a century. The latest study, carried out in cooperation with the Department of Medical Biochemistry of the Jagiellonian University Medical College, concerned several drugs currently used in prostate cancer chemotherapy, and
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IMAGE: Artistic imagery about the famous Bell experiments, with ballet dancers personifying experimental arrangements in space-time separated labs. The strings of ones and zeros allude to the violation of free choice. view more
Credit: Source: IFJ PAN / Iwona Michniewska
Do we have free choice or are our decisions predetermined? Is physical reality local, or does what we do here and now have an immediate influence on events elsewhere? The answers to these questions are sought by physicists in the Bell inequalities. It turns out that free choice and local realism can be skilfully measured and compared. The results obtained reveal surprising relationships of a fundamental and universal nature, going far beyond quantum mechanics itself.
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IMAGE: Semicentral or central collisions of lead nuclei in the LHC produce quark-gluon plasma and a cocktail with contributions of other particles. Simultaneously, clouds of photons surrounding the nuclei collide, resulting. view more
Credit: Source: IFJ PAN
When heavy ions, accelerated to the speed of light, collide with each other in the depths of European or American accelerators, quark-gluon plasma is formed for fractions of a second, or even its cocktail seasoned with other particles. According to scientists from the IFJ PAN, experimental data show that there are underestimated actors on the scene: photons. Their collisions lead to the emission of seemingly excess particles, the presence of which could not be explained.
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IMAGE: Klaudia Wojtaszek (IFJ PAN) prepares samples for placement in the measurement chamber at the XAS research station of the SOLARIS synchrotron. view more
Credit: Source: IFJ PAN
Few compounds are as important to industry and medicine today as titanium dioxide. Despite the variety and popularity of its applications, many issues related to the surface structure of materials made of this compound and the processes taking place therein remain unclear. Some of these secrets have just been revealed to scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. It was the first time they had used the SOLARIS synchrotron in their research.