In Ethiopia, pesticides are widely used in vegetable production. However, if used incorrectly they may harm consumers of vegetables contaminated with pesticide residues, as well as producers handling the pesticides and lead to ecological damage. We performed a cross-sectional survey to assess pesticide residues level in vegetables produced in central and eastern Ethiopia. A total of 232 vegetable samples (91 tomatoes, 106 cabbages and 35 Swiss chard) were collected from fields and retail markets, and were screened for 35 pesticides (20 organophosphate, 14 organochlorine and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide) using GC-MS analysis. Pesticides residues were detected in 60% of Swiss chard, 47% of cabbage and 45% of tomato samples. Two or more pesticides were detected in 20% of cabbages, 13% of tomatoes and over half of Swiss chard samples. Bendiocarb, diazinon, endrin, piperonyl butoxide, profenofos and propargite were detected, but only diazinon, propargite and profenofos had residual value
Debunking The Myth of Scarcity and Recentering African Epistemologies
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It has been 25 years since the U.S. Congress passed the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996, an amendment to the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, which mandated that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) test all pesticide chemicals used in food for endocrine disruption. Soon after the law passed, EPA established the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) to provide recommendations to the agency on how its Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) should work. Among them, the committee recommended that EDSP screening should 1) evaluate both human and ecological effects; 2) test for disruption of the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid systems; 3) evaluate pesticide and non-pesticide chemicals; and 4) implement a tiered approach. EPA adopted the recommendations and the EDSP was created in 1998. To date, the EPA has yet to fully implement the law; in other words, it has failed to test all pesticide chemicals for endocrine disruption. Of the small number th
This paper investigates the impact of household cooking fuel choice on household healthcare expenditure as well as the socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence household healthcare expenditure. We employed the Tobit regression technique and data from the sixth and seventh rounds of the Ghana Living Standards Survey conducted in 2012/13 and 2016/17 respectively. The results indicate that in 2012/13, relative to households using wood as cooking fuel, households using charcoal and liquefied petroleum gas are 54.40 and 115.09 percentage points less likely to spend on healthcare services. However, the figure reduced to 28.15 and 103.25 percentage points in 2016/17 attributable possibly to a reduction in biomass energy use resulting from government liquefied petroleum gas promotion programs which helped households transition to the use of cleaner fuels. Age, education, illness reporting of household head, total household expenditure, household size and region of residence were fo
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