Coal rejects concrete (CRC) made of the industry by-product generated during the mining preparation and washing procedure is usually regarded as the alternative to natural aggregate concrete (NAC). To improve the low strength and brittleness of CRC, this paper presents a new structural form, termed fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined CRC (FCCR) column. The most attractive feature of the FCCR column is its cost-effectiveness and environmental-friendly, because that the aggregates of infilled CRC are all from sieved coal rejects without any more artificial crushing process. To obtain the further understanding on the behaviour of FCCR column, a total of 10 hybrid columns, consisting of 6 FCCR and 4 FRP-confined NAC (FCNA) columns with a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 450 mm, have been prepared and tested. The main variables tested in the present study covered the FRP thickness and the concrete strength. Test results showed that FCCR columns obtained the similar mechanical performa
RIYADH: Placing environmental capital at the heart of their operations, The Red Sea Development Co. and AMAALA have resolved to protect the environment, invest in clean energy and preserve natural habitats, buildings and beaches around the coast. Top officials connected with the project were determined to introduce the latest advancements in environmental technology to