The paper develops an empirical model to test the substitution of trade credit for bank credit using the annual financial data of 1,028 Indian manufacturing firms from 2011 to 2019. It further examines the impact of macroeconomic policy interventions on using these two financing sources.
The paper estimates a slew of augmented Taylor rule specifications using call and treasury bill rates. After accounting for break points, we calculate the output gap based on a single-index dynamic factor extracted from monthly high-frequency indicators that are representative of broad sectoral activity. In our study, we found that interest rates in India are mostly in line
<p><span>The COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation efforts put in place to contain it delivered the most severe blow to the U.S. and global economies since the Great Depression.</span><a title="footnote 1" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/clarida20211130a.htm#fn1"><span>1</span></a><a name="f1"></a><span> Gross domestic product (GDP) collapsed at a nearly 33 percent annual rate in the second quarter of 2020. More than 22 million jobs were lost in just the first two months of the crisis, and the unemployment rate rose from a 50-year low of 3.5 percent in February to a postwar peak of almost 15 percent in April 2020. A precipitous decline in aggregate demand pummeled the consumer price level. The resulting disruptions to economic activity significantly tightened financial conditions and impaired the flow of credit to U.S. households and businesses.</span></p>
<p><span>Good morning, and thank you, Raphael. I am delighted to participate in the 25th Financial Markets Conference, sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, which this year focuses on the role of central banks in fostering a resilient economy and financial system.</span></p>