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The UN Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) and one of the implementing agreements of the Convention the UN Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) mandates all states to cooperate in the management of highly migratory and straddling fish stocks. In doing so, the UNFSA specifies that the special requirements of developing states need to be taken into account. To date, except in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), there is no formal mechanism to identify these differential responsibilities in tuna regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs). Although some conservation and management measures exempt small-scale and artisanal fishing vessels, power imbalances within RFMOs tend to favour the interests of more developed and larger distant water fishing nations over those of small developing coastal states. To facilitate the implementation of differentiated responsibilities as mandated in UNFSA, in this study we develop a three-step framework that could be applied in the

Indian oceanCentral pacific fisheries commissionUn law of the sea conventionIndian ocean tuna commissionSea conventionStocks agreementDeveloping statesFish stocks agreementIndian ocean tuna commissionRegional fisheries management organizationsTransboundary fisheries