Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of function of the nephron over a long period of time. As the glomerular filtration rate falls, it leads to subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). This cross-sectional study is carried out to measure the frequency of SCH in CKD patients in our population.
Methods: This case-control research was undertaken at the nephrology unit of the Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women in Pakistan from March 2021 to January 2022. The research included 200 volunteers with documented evidence of CKD between the ages of 18 and 60 years. A case group of 200 people without CKD was also enlisted, matched by age, gender, and comorbidities. Data were recorded in a self-structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).
Results: Thyroid-stimulating hormone was significantly raised in participants with CKD (4.91 ± 1.10 mIU/L vs. 3.62 ± 0.72 m
The population-based serosurveys are essential for estimating Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) burden and monitoring the progression of this pandemic. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and potential predictors of seropositivity in the Pakistani population. This population-based seroprevalence study includes consenting subjects from the workplaces (factories, corporates, restaurants, media houses, schools, banks, and hospitals) located in the urban areas of Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Peshawar, and Quetta. We analyzed each subject's serum sample for SARS-CoV-2-IgM and/or IgG antibodies using UNIPER IgG/IgM Rapid COVID-19 Testing Kit. The subject's demographics, exposure history, and symptoms experienced (in last 7 days) were also obtained. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 16.0% (2810/17,764). The total antibody seropositivity was higher in males than females (OR 1.
Demand for rhino horn in Asian markets, especially Vietnam and China, has pushed the remaining rhino populations to the brink of extinction. In the past
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