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Non-sugar sweeteners: helpful or harmful? The challenge of developing intake recommendations with the available research

Valisa Hedrick and colleagues argue that current evidence on non-sugar sweetener intake is inadequate, and further research is needed to determine the health effects of individual non-sugar sweeteners, especially in specific population subgroups ### Key messages Non-sugar sweeteners are commonly used as replacements for added sugars, both in the general population and among people with obesity and diabetes. Because of ongoing efforts to lower added sugar intake, non-sugar sweeteners have become ubiquitous in the global food supply. The global market for non-sugar sweeteners is expected to grow, with a predicted market value of more than $408bn in 2032 a growth of 7.2% in 10 years.1 Although their use is widespread and increasing, there is uncertainty about their health effects, which has led to inconclusive recommendations for or against their consumption. The challenge of developing conclusive intake recommendations for non-sugar sweeteners is particularly timely: in May 2023, the

Ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic health: public health policies to reduce consumption cannot wait

Incomplete understanding of the multiple mechanisms underlying the link between ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic health should not be an excuse for inaction argue Mathilde Touvier and colleagues The effect of diet on health has historically been considered from a nutrient based perspective for example, excess total fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, calories, sugar, or salt and lack of dietary fibre, vitamins, and minerals.1 More recently, this approach has been complemented by extensive evidence supporting health effects of dietary patterns (eg, the Mediterranean diet), characterised by various dietary scores such as the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), or DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet.2 However, the degree of processing and formulation of foods was not taken into account. For instance, all vegetable soups were considered similar, regardless of whether they were homemade, industrial canned, or industrial dehydrated and contained food addi

We need a gold standard for randomised control trials studying misinformation and vaccine hesitancy on social media

We need a gold standard for randomised control trials studying misinformation and vaccine hesitancy on social media
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How can doctors counter health misinformation on social media?

Doctors can intervene effectively and safely to combat misinformation on social media, argue Leonard Hofstra and Diederik Gommers Researchers have estimated that vaccine hesitancy may have resulted in more than 300 000 unnecessary covid-19 deaths in the United States alone,1 and that misinformation on social media could be a substantial contributor to reluctance to take up vaccination.2 People aged under 50 rely on social media for most of their news.3 Reaching people through these channels with accurate vaccine information could be crucial to saving lives. Evidence already suggests that doctors can intervene effectively to influence individual and population health without risking harm to others or themselves. The experience of Anthony Fauci is a prominent example of the potential risks that doctors can face. While head of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and adviser to the president, he adopted an outspoken approach to challenging misperceptions aroun

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