And from time to time when ive done this panel with friends and colleagues, ive called it on or off their pedestals. The debate over statues, memorials, memory and meaning. And ive discussed this topic at twice or three times with edna medford. And it is evolving even between us as we proceed over about a year and a half. And its a pleasure to welcome not only edna medford, but also liz varon and Gary Gallagher to join the discussion. Of 1,728 confederate memorials in 22 states and the district of columbia, 110 have been removed in the past few years. And three new ones have been built. So it is good to have the opportunity to take a snapshot. At best it will be a snapshot. And i think that we all have to agree that however we feel about art, ography and icons, history, and american heroes and villains alike, that the controversy over statues and memorials thought only attributed to confederates in the south and also to those, and for example and ill show you imanls, honoring figures i
Jonathan white and im vice chair of the Lincoln Forum and it is my pleasure to welcome you to this session. We are on Hallowed Ground and it is altogether fitting and proper that we come to gettysburg every november to commemorate the life and legacy of abraham lincoln. Our first speaker this morning is peter carmichael. Peter is the robert c. Flour professor of civil war studies at Gettysburg College and cwi hats around this morning its wonderful to see those here. He holds his, ph. D. From Penn State University where he had the fortune to study under gary gallagher. He is the author or editor of five books, including the last generation Young Virginians in peace, war and reunion published by unc press in 2005. He is one of the series editors for unc presss civil war america series and i know him best through this capacity. He was my editor for midnight in america and i can tell you his thoughtfulness, careful attention to detail and his generosity resources made my book a better book
Surgeons. There is an ambulance corps where we can get men off the battlefield quicker and faster. Tested and had the surgeons to be qualified. That is where it got better and better. 600,000 died and 700,000 wounded. They were dealing with the musket went in like a finger and came out like a fish. The bone was so shattered i could not repair it. Even if you got shot in modern medicine could not put it together. Great onval rate was amputations. 70 survived the amputations on this table but it decreased to about 60 due to the fact of disease that set in. The first one that came in had no wrong. His survival rate was great. But then, if the next soldier came on my table and he had bone infection, blood poison, im going to transmit it to the next soldier. One soldier to the next. If im operating, we have holes drilled in the tables body parts laying all over if i drop my knife on the ground, i pick it up, i wipe it on my apron and i continue doing what im doing. That is it. Civilization
Today, our lecture is on agriculture and the fertilizer revolution. We began this course talking about agriculture with regards to the unending frontier, the expanding across the world, and the birth of the plantation complex in tropical regions. Another critical storyline and the environmental history of agriculture has been agricultural intensification. The growing, intensifying landuse to get more crops out of those lands. This coincides with the industrial revolution, which created a real need for those in europe and the United States to really concentrate on increasing Food Production to escape the trap, thinking that population would grow faster than a Food Production. There was the green revolution, where modern agriculture and genetic engineering was introduced to the developing world. Today i want to talk about the 19th century and the fertilizer revolution. In a most general sense, a shift away from close to systems of agriculture, soil fertility was raised within the farms a
The civil war. She dr. Appomattox, virginia talked about appomattox, virginia. This was recorded at the busy them of the appomattox. It is about four to five minutes. Just 45 minutes. Elizabeth varon thank you for that very, very kind introduction. Grant e. Lee surrender to and is a familiar tableau. They met in the house of William Mclean in the hamlet appomattox courthouse. Grant dressed casually in a much tattered uniform, represented the hardscrabble farmers and. Age earners after awkwardly extending pleasantries about their service in the mexican war, they agreed to surrender terms that effectively ended the civil war. Grant set free the concord soldiers of north virginia on their honor. To promised they would never again take up arms against the united states. The megaminty in this hour magnanimity in this hour united the north and south and provided the way for a world power of america. This casts the surrender as a moment of feeling that transcended policy. Today, i will tell y