The Czechoslovak Coup d’Etat of 1948
Standing on this side of history, it’s easy to take Soviet domination over Eastern Europe as a given. However, at no point during the early transition from Nazi domination to the post-war period was it a
fait accompli that the formerly occupied nations of Eastern Europe wouldn’t go back to being free and independent nations. Czechoslovakia is perhaps one of the best examples we have of a country that was by no means “destined” to go communist.
The situation on the ground in Czechoslovakia was very similar to that of Italy and France – all three had been occupied by the Germans and had large Communist Parties enjoying broad, if not a majority, support. The Communist Parties of each country had a track record of cooperation with non-Communist Parties. What’s more, the Communist Party was able to get a little clout based on the role of the Red Army in liberating Eastern Europe.
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Last year, documentary maker Lyttanya Shannon began looking for contributors for a new film on a disturbing period in British history. Her focus was the Black British children who found themselves unfairly removed from mainstream education in the 1960s and 70s. They were sent to what were known as âdustbin schoolsâ â places for those deemed âsubnormalâ. And black children were four times as likely to be sent to them as white children.
So raw was their pain, Shannon tells me, that it was hard to find anyone willing to discuss their time in such institutions on camera. â40 years on, the trauma was still very present,â she says. âOne lady had a terrible experience. She had come over from Jamaica, started at a mainstream school, but was then sent to an ESN [educationally subnormal] school. We met in a pub, and when we asked her to share her experiences, she just burst into tears. She said she hadnâ
How Totalitarianism Rhymes Throughout History: Czechoslovakia, China, & Venezuela
by Sam Jacobs
“It can’t happen here” is a political cliche in the United States. Regardless of your personal viewpoint, there is a vast swath of the American population who simply do not believe in the possibility of any totalitarianism in the United States.
It’s worth noting that throughout history, in virtually every place that totalitarian regimes have arisen, the residents of these countries felt the same way. Russia was seen as too traditional and backward, the power of the Czar too entrenched to be defeated. Throughout most of the modern period, Germany had been viewed as the home of Goethe, Schiller, and Mozart, a place where the local Jewish population had largely assimilated.
MRS Fanny Hertz is probably not a name that is instantly recognisable, and possibly not commonly discussed in 21st Century Bradford. However, in the 19th Century Fanny was a woman ahead of her time. Born in Hanover, Germany, in 1830, and related to Heinrich Hertz, famous physicist and discoverer of Hertz’ Rays, Fanny would become a leading light in the struggle for women’s education, and as such it is fair to say she can be labelled as a feminist. In the mid 1870s she moved to London and spent the next decade dividing her time between Bradford and the Capital. Her husband, William David Hertz was a yarn merchant and mill owner, and before long their Bradford home would be transformed into an engine house of artistic and radical discussion. It was at this period in her life that Fanny became interested in science, through her friendship with Frederic Harrison. He was an advocate for Positivism, a philosophy that claims that true knowledge of the world can be derived throug
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