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World Federation of Neurology (WFN) Visiting Fellow Program 2024 for African Neurologists (Fully Funded) – Opportunities For Africans
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Stroke experts to test emerging nerve stimulation treatment
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### What you need to know
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water soluble vitamin required for several physiological processes, including normal nervous system functioning, and red blood cell development and maturation. It has antioxidant effects, is a co-factor in mitochondrial energy metabolism, and contributes to DNA synthesis, the methylation cycle, and epigenetic regulation.12 B12 is present in foods of animal origin, such as meat, eggs, and milk, or via food fortification. Healthy adults require an average intake of 4-7 mcg daily to maintain B12 status.34
Treatment with B12 may be required for a variety of reasons (table 1).
View this table:
Table 1
Main indications and administration routes for B12 treatment
Evidence from animal and human studies shows that B12 also has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties,15 and intervention studies in humans have reported beneficial effects of better B12 status or B12 therapy in multiple sclerosis,16 Parkinson’s disease,17 mya
Although neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection are relatively rare, their potential long term morbidity and mortality have a significant impact, given the large numbers of infected patients. Covid-19 is now in the differential diagnosis of a number of common neurological syndromes including encephalopathy, encephalitis, acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, stroke, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Physicians should be aware of the pathophysiology underlying these presentations to diagnose and treat patients rapidly and appropriately. Although good evidence has been found for neurovirulence, the neuroinvasive and neurotropic potential of SARS-CoV-2 is limited. The pathophysiology of most complications is immune mediated and vascular, or both. A significant proportion of patients have developed long covid, which can include neuropsychiatric presentations. The mechanisms of long covid remain unclear. The longer term consequences of infection with covid-19 on the brain, particul
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