After receiving his PhD in 1974 he was Postdoctoral Fellow in International Trade and Economic Development at the University of Minnesota. Following that he taught economics at Monash University from 1976 to 1979. Joined the Economics Division, RSPAS, ANU, in 1980. Holder of the John Crawford Chair since 1989. Current research includes general equilibrium of Indonesian and Thai economies, especially as regards the relationship between economic policy and poverty incidence. Also working on macroeconomic analysis of Thai economy.