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A regular series on the latest clinical studies from around the world – and what they mean ‘in practice’ – compiled and written by Clare GP Dr Ray O’Connor
Objective To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes.
Design Systematic umbrella review of existing meta-analyses.
Data sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manual searches of reference lists from 2009 to June 2023.
Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, and/or cross sectional study designs. To evaluate the credibility of evidence, pre-specified evidence classification criteria were applied, graded as convincing (“class I”), highly suggestive (“class II”), suggestive (“class III”), weak (“class IV”), or no evidence (“class V”). The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) framework, categorised as “high,” “moderate,�
Objective To determine the health benefits and harms of various ingredients in Christmas desserts from The Great British Bake Off.
Design Umbrella review of umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies.
Data sources The Great British Bake Off website, Embase, Medline, and Scopus.
Inclusion criteria Umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies evaluating the associations between Christmas dessert ingredients and the risk of death or disease.
Main outcome measures Proportion of protective and harmful summary associations between ingredient groups from The Great British Bake Off Christmas dessert recipes and the risk of death or disease.
Results 48 recipes for Christmas desserts (ie, cakes, biscuits, pastries, and puddings and desserts) were provided on The Great British Bake Off website with 178 unique ingredients that were collapsed into 17 overarching ingredient groups. A literature search identified 7008 titles and abstracts, of which 46 eligible umbre
Recent systematic review finds inconclusive evidence on Tai Chi's ability to delay dementia or improve cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment. The study calls for more robust, large-scale research to clarify Tai Chi's neurological benefits and its potential as an MCI intervention.