Objective To determine the health benefits and harms of various ingredients in Christmas desserts from The Great British Bake Off.
Design Umbrella review of umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies.
Data sources The Great British Bake Off website, Embase, Medline, and Scopus.
Inclusion criteria Umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies evaluating the associations between Christmas dessert ingredients and the risk of death or disease.
Main outcome measures Proportion of protective and harmful summary associations between ingredient groups from The Great British Bake Off Christmas dessert recipes and the risk of death or disease.
Results 48 recipes for Christmas desserts (ie, cakes, biscuits, pastries, and puddings and desserts) were provided on The Great British Bake Off website with 178 unique ingredients that were collapsed into 17 overarching ingredient groups. A literature search identified 7008 titles and abstracts, of which 46 eligible umbre